lanceolate, entire. Umbels terminal. — Native of Japan, 

 flowering in June. The inhabitants call it Salko, or Mils 

 Suba Sen. The Jltm is ereft, zig-zag, branched at the 

 upper part. Leaves fmooth, the lower ones very large, with 

 fpreading varioufly (haped leafids, which are either ovate or 

 oblong, undivided or cut ; the upper leaves minute. 

 Umbels tenninating the branches. Thunb. 



II. S. F<ikaria. Decurrent Water-p^rfnep. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 362. Willd. n. 9. Ait. n. 7. Prodr. Fl. Grxc. 

 n. 676. Jacq. Aullr. t. 257. {S. n. 782 ; Hall. Hid. 

 V. I. 347. Falcaria; Rivin. Pentap. Irr. t. 48. Eryn- 

 gium montanum ; Ger. Em. 1 164. Ammi perenne repens, 

 &c. ; Morif. feft. 9. t. 8. f. 1.)— Leaflets linear, decur- 

 rent, confluent, finely ferrated. — Native of Germany, Flan- 

 ders, Switzerland, France, Greece, and Afia Minor; a 



SIUM. 



16. S. grttcum. Greek Water-parfnep. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 362. Willd. n. 13. (Ligulticum grxcum, apii folio ; 

 Tourn. Cor. 23.) — " Leaves doubly pinnate; leaflets lan- 

 ceolate, ferrated ; the uppermoft confluent." — Native of 

 Greece, according to Tournefort ; but we have met with 

 nothing referrible to this fpecies among Dr. Sibthorp's 

 fpecimens, drawings, or catalogues, nor have we feen any 

 fpecimen of the authentic plant. Willdenow, from whom 

 we have taken the fpecific charadler, fays the powers are 

 yellow. 



17. S. decumbens. Decumbent Water-parfnep. Thunb. 

 Japon. 118. Willd. n. 14. — " Leaves doubly pinnate; 

 leaflets three-cleft. Stem decumbent." — Gathered by 

 Thunberg in Japan, where it is known by the name of 

 J'lngafaiu, and flowers in March. The^^ni is fmall, de- 



hardy perennial, kept chiefly in botanic gardens, flowering cumbent. Leaves radical, on long ftalks, fmooth. Umbel 



in Jiily and Auguft. The root is long and cylindrical, 

 white, friable when dried, faid to refemble Eryngo in its 

 fweetifli, aromatic, rather acrid, flavour. Herb rigid, 

 fmooth, two or three feet high. Stem round, leafy, much 

 branched, terminating in numerous (lender umbels of many 

 rays, with fmall white j^oTO^-rj-. The general and partial 

 inrolucral leaves are numerous, long, and very narrow. 

 The radical leaves have long fl:alks ; the rell (horter more 

 fheathing ones ; all are rigid, fmooth, ternate in the firit 

 inftance ; the middle leaflet ternate ; the literal ones binate ; 

 the external edge of each lateral leaflet ilrongly decurrent. 



12. S. verticillatum. Whorled Water-parfnep. Fl. Brit. 

 n.5. Roth. Germ. V. 2. p. 1.336. (Sifon verticillatum ; 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 363. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 1. 1437. Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. v. 2. 146. Lightf. Scot. 1096. t. 35. Engl. 

 Bot. t. 395. Oenanthe millefoUi paluilris foliis ; Morif. 

 feft. 9. t. 7. f. 10. Daucus pratenfis ; Dalech. Hilt. 718.) 

 — Leaflets in numerous, capillary, whorl-like fegments. — 

 Native of wet falt-niarflies. Plentiful iu the weftern parts 

 of Scotland and Wales; found at Killarney, and in the 

 county of Kerry, Ireland, in 1 809, by Mr. J. T. Mackay. 

 It is alfo reported to grow in France, the Pyrenees, and 

 fome parts of Germany. Dr. Roth had, unknown to us, 

 forellalled us in transferring this curious fpecies to Stum, 

 before the publication of Flor. Brit, though he had never 

 feen a fpecnnen. Of the propriety of this alteration we 

 have no doubt, the umbels being of numerous rays, with 

 many leaves in their general as well as partial involucrum, 

 and the petals heart-fhaped. The plant is perennial, 

 flowering in July and Auguft. Root of feveral flefliy 

 tapering knobs. Stem eighteen inches high, ereft, fmooth, 

 fcarcely branched, and flightly leafy. Leaves numerous, 

 chiefly radical, pinnate, of many pairs of deeply-cut, radiat- 

 ing, plumofe leajlets, fpreading, fo as to feem whorled. 

 Petals white, uniform, and nearly equal. Involucral leaves 

 deflexed, ovate ; five or fix to the general umbel, more to 

 each partial one. Calyx hardly vilible. Fruit roundifli- 

 ovate, comprefled. 



13. S. grand'tflorum. Large-flowered Cape Water-parf- 

 nep. Thunb. Prodr. 50. Willd. n. 10. — " Leaves 

 doubly pinnate ; leaflets roundifli, with tooth-hke feg- 

 ments." — Found by Thunberg, at the Cape of Good 

 Hope. 



14. S. pankulaium. Panicled Cape Water-parfnep. — 

 Thunb. Prodr. 51. Willd. n. II. — " Leaves doubly 

 pinnate; leaflets linear, pinnatifid." — From the fame 

 country. 



15. S. palulum. DitFufe Cape Water-parfnep. Thunb. 

 Prodr. 51. Willd. n. 12. — " Leaves doubly pinnate; 

 leaflets three-cleft. Branches diff"ufe." — From the fame 

 country. 



terminal, fcarcely compound. Seeds ovate, obtufe, (Iriated, 

 fmooth, crowned with the permanent ftvles. Thunberg. — 

 By the defcription, we fufpeft this may be more properly 

 a fpecies of Hydrocotyle, but without feeing a fpecimen, we 

 dare not determine. 



18. S. Jtculum. Sicilian Water-parfnep. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 362. Willd. n. 15. Ait. n. 8. Jacq. Hort. Viiid. v. 2. 

 62. t. 133. (Dauco Ccihano, con foglie di paftinaca ; 

 Zanon. Ht. 78. t. 30.) — Leaves ftrongly ferrated, doubly 

 pinnate ; the lower and uppermoll ternate. Umbels ter- 

 minal, ilalked ; partial ones very unequal. — Native of "Sicily. 

 A hardy perennial, flowering in July and Auguft. The 



Jlem is varioufly branched, ereCl, leafy, about two feet high, 

 round, folid, fmooth. Leaves fmooth and fliining ; their 

 leajlets more or lefs ovate, acute, copioufly, deeply, and 

 acutely ferrated, feflile. General and partial involucrum of 

 many linear deflexed leaves. Flonvers yellow ; in fome of 

 the partial umbels very few, perhaps folitary. Germen 

 oblong. The genus of this fpecies is rather doubtful, if 

 we attend to its habit ; and yet we know not how, by the 

 charafters, to refer it elfewhere. 



19. S. afperum. Rough Cape Water-parfnep. Thunb. 

 Prodr. 51. Willd. n. 16. — " Leaves triply pinnate. Ge- 

 neral and partial flower-ftalks rough." — Found by Thun- 

 berg at the Cape, as well as the two following. We ha\-e 

 no information concerning any of them, befides what his 

 Prodromus affords. 



20. S. hifpidum. Hifpid Cape Water-parfnep. Thunb. 

 Prodr. 51. Willd. n. 17. — " Leaves triply pinnate. Foot- 

 ilalks and flower-ftalks rough." 



21. S. villo/um. Villous Cape Water-parfnep. Thunb. 

 Prodr. 51. Willd. n. iS. — " Leaves triply pinnatifid; 

 fegments ovate, deeply ferrated, villous." 



SiuM, in Gardening, contains a plant of the hardy, her- 

 baceous, efculent kind, of which the ipecies cultivated is 

 the (kirret (S. filarum). 



Tliis plant was formerly much cultivated for the roots, 

 which were eaten boiled and itewed with butter, pepper, 

 and fait ; or rolled in flour and fried ; or elfe cold, with oil 

 and vinegar, being firft prepared by boiling. 



Method of Culture. — It may be raifed either by feeds or 

 flips from the roots, but the firll is the beft method, as in 

 the latter mode the roots are apt to become fticky : the 

 feeds fliould be fown about the beginning of April, either 

 in broadcatl over the furface, or in drills, the ground 

 being previoufly well dug to a good depths light and 

 rather moift land being chofen for the purpofe. The 

 plants moitly appear in five or fix weeks, and when they 

 can be fufiiciently diftinguiftied by their leaves, the ground 

 (hould be well hoed over, in the fame manner as for carrots, 

 the plants being properly thinned out to the diftance of five 



