S M A 



Walker affirms, " in the application of this theory of pits, 

 in the varieties of fmall-pox that have come under my care, 

 1 have conftantly found the above mode of treatment to 

 anfwer my higheit expeftation, not only in preventing pits 

 in the worft cafes of this difeafe ; but muft obferve an 

 agreeable and unexpefted effett, which I have conltantly 

 found to accompany it, namely, a prefervation of the na- 

 tural features. Many have experienced fuch an alteration 

 in the countenances of their friends and children, from the 

 effefts of this difeafe, that they could fcarcely know them 

 again. This difagreeable effeft has been completely pre- 

 vented, in every cafe that I have met with, by the method 

 aboTe direfted." (Loc. cit. p. 398.) He adds, however, 

 that the fuccefs of this application (lands connefted with 

 the antiphlogiflic and evacuant plan of treatment, which he 

 judicioufly recommends, and which accords with that which 

 we have above detailed. 



In fome conftitutions, as we have already Hated, the dif- 

 turbance excited by the fmall-pox is fuch as to leave the 

 patients in a ftate of great prcdifpofition to difeafe, efpe- 

 cially in the glandular fyllem, and all the forms of fcrofula 

 are occafionally feen to follow its ravages, as well as fome 

 other cacheftic conditions. One of the moft formidable 

 confequences, however, of confluent fmall-pox is the lofs 

 of fight, which it frequently occafions, and which is fo 

 common indeed in this country, that a large majority of the 

 blind who are feen in the ftreets owe their lofs of vifion to 

 the fmall-pox. This, however, is rather the refult of the 

 extenfion of inflammation to the eyes during the attack of 

 the confluent fmall-pox, than a fequela of the difeafe, and 

 therefore is to be prevented rather by the proper practice 

 during the eruption above detailed, than by any fublcquent 

 treatment. With a view to anticipate the morbid confe- 

 quences, upon the fuppofition that they arife from the re- 

 mains or dregs of the contagion ftill contaminating the 

 blood, it is ufual to adminiiler a fucceflion of purgatives, 

 to clear the circulating fluids of thefe impurities. We do 

 not profefs to underftand how, by exciting the aftions of 

 the exhalents of the inteltines, we can draw out of the 

 blood juft the impure portion, leaving the refl: unpolluted ; 

 and confider both the contamination and the purification of 

 the blood as equally gratuitous fuppofitions. Where the 

 patient comes out of the difeafe with every appearance of 

 returning health, we do not perceive the necefiity of refort- 

 ing to thefe hypothetical cleanfers, which, if violent, may 

 do harm, and can only be produftive of benefit by aflifting 

 the digcltion and propulfion of the aliments in a gentle way. 

 And where there are appearances of a bad habit of body, 

 or a flow convalefcence, more advantages are probably to 

 be obtained by a proper attention to diet and regimen, with 

 a judicious courfe of alterative and gently tonic medicine, 

 than by the repetition of cathartics. A diet of milk and 

 vegetables, or very light animal fluids, with appropriate 

 exercife, change of air, the tepid bath, and other means 

 which medicine affords of regulating the funftions and gra- 

 dually i-eitoring the ftrength, fhould be purfued with dili- 

 gence, efpecially where there is a difpofition to heftic fever 

 connefted with the debihty. Some forms of fcrofula and 

 cachexia, however, which are more local and unaccompanied 

 by fever, require a more nutritious and cordial plan of 

 treatment, to be determined by the age and other circum- 

 ftances of the patient. 



An able and ingenious projeft was propofed feveral years 

 ago by Dr. Haygarth for the extermination of fmall-pox in 

 Great Britain, turning upon the principle of a general ino- 

 culation. (See his Sketch of a Plan, &c. in 2 vols. 1793.) 

 It is unneceflary, however, now to enter into any difcuflion 



S ]\I A 



refpefting the efficacy or importance of fuch a plan ; fince 

 the difcovery of the influence of the cow-pox, by the im- 

 mortal Jen'ner, has aff^orded us an antidote, which requires 

 only a general adoption to fuperfede altogether that fatal 

 and formidable malady, and to preferve mankind from all 

 the miferies and evils which it has fpread over the earth for 

 many centuries pall. See Cow-pox and Inoculation. 



SMALLS, The, in Geography, rocks in the Irifli fea, 

 on which a light-houfe is ereAed for the guidance of fea- 

 men, about 15 miles S.W. from St. David's Head. N. 

 lat. 5i°44'. W. long. 5° 33'. 



SMALRIDGE, George, in .Bioj-ra/^y, a learned Eng- 

 lifh prelate, was the fon of a dyer at Litchfield, in which 

 city he was born in 1663. He was educated at Weltminlter 

 fchool, where his fine talents and excellent difpofition ren- 

 dered him a general favourite. In 1682 he was elefked to a 

 Undent's place in Chrilt's college, Oxford, in which he be- 

 came in due time a tutor ; and his reputation caufed him, at 

 an early age, to be felefted, with others, as managers of the 

 controverfy with Obadiah Walker, mafter of the Univerfity 

 college, a convert to popery. In this connection he pub- 

 lifhed, in 1687, " Animadverfions on the Eight Thefes laid 

 down, and the Inferences deduced from them, in a Dif- 

 courfe entitled ' Church Government,' " &c. About this pe- 

 riod he difl.inguiflied himfelf as a votary of polite literature, 

 of which he gave fpecimens in the " Mufx Anglicana:." 

 He entered into holy orders in 1692, and was appointed 

 minifter of Tothill-fields chapel, and he alfo obtained a pre- 

 bend in the cathedral of Litchfield. In 1700 he took the 

 degree of D.D., and frequently afted as deputy to Dr. 

 Jane, regius profeflbr of divinity at Oxford. On the death 

 of Dr. Jane, in 1707, he was ftrongly recommended by the 

 univerfity for his fucceflbr,' but the Whig intereft carried it 

 againd him. Being now a celebrated preacher, he was 

 chofen, in 1 708, lefturer of St. Dunltan's m the Weft, Lon- 

 don, and he was alfo appointed a member of the lower houfe 

 of convocation, and exerted himfelf very much to procure 

 for his friend. Dr. Atterbury, the prolocutor's chair, on 

 which occafion he pronounced an elegant Latin panegyric 

 on his friend, touching with much feeling and delicacy, as an 

 apologift, upon the heat in controverly imputed to him. 

 Dr. Smalridge, though of the party, avoided the animofi- 

 ties too prevalent in its difputes. He held alfo 3 friendly 

 correfpondence with Dr. Clarke and Whiiton, and was 

 extremely ufeful in moderating the violent proceedings infti- 

 tuted by the convocation againft them. He affifted Whif- 

 ton in his tranflation of the Apoftolical Conftitutions. He 

 propofed a conference with Dr. Clarke on the fubje£l of the 

 Trinity, which was held at the feat of Mr. Cartwright, at 

 Aynho, in Northamptonfhire, and in which Dr. Smalridge 

 was the advocate of orthodoxy. Thefe conneftions caufed 

 him to be fufpefted of an inclination towards Arianifm, from 

 which he deemed it neceflary to vindicate himfelf by a letter 

 to bifhop Trelawny, a fliort time before his death. In 171 1, 

 Dr. Smalridge was made a canon of Chriftchurch, Oxford, 

 and afterwards dean of Carlifle. When Dr. Atterbury was 

 promoted to the biftiopric of Rochefter in 1713, his friend 

 fucceeded him as dean of Chriftchurclv In the following 

 year he was raifed to the epifcopal bench as bifhop of Brif- 

 tol, and very foon after he was nominated lord-almoner to 

 queen Anne. Upon the acceflion of George I. he refufed 

 to fign the declaration made by fome of the bifhops, on oc- 

 cafion of the rebellion in 1715, becaufe it contained a re- 

 fleftion on fome of the clergy who had joined the Jacobites. 

 This ftep caufed the polt of almoner to be taken from him, 

 but he pofleffed the eiteem of the princefs of Wales, after- 

 wards queen Caroline, with whom he continued in favour 

 8 till 



