S M E 



lying; upon, the fegments of the calyx, and about half as 

 long. Stam. Filaments ten, a\vl-(haped, fmooth, the length 

 of the calyx, five of them inferted into the receptacle, five 

 into the neftaries ; anthers incumbent, nearly orbicular, of 

 two cells burfting in front. Fiji. Germeii fuperior, fnriall, 

 roundilh, villous, in five dillinft lobes ; ftylea five, vertical, 

 ereft, cylindrical, fmooth, {horter than the Ilamens ; ftigmas 

 fmall, obtufe. Perk. Capfules five, fpreading in the form 

 of a ftar, obovate, coriaceous, of one cell and two valves. 

 Seeds feveral, winged. • 



Eff. Ch. Calyx five-cleft. Petals five. Neftary of 

 five orbicular deprefled lobes, oppofite to the calyx, alter- 

 nate with the petals, and bearing five of the ftamens. Cap- 

 fules five, fuperior. Seeds numerous, winged. 



I. S. emarginala. Chili Soap-bark. ( Smegmadermos 

 emarginatus ; " Ruiz et Pavon. Syft. Veg. v. i. 288. 

 Quillaja faponaria ; Molin. Chil. ed. Germ. 150.") — Native 

 of woods in Chili, about Puchacay, where it is known by 

 the name of Ouillay. Our fpecimen was fent by the late 

 abbe Cavamlles. The tree is faid to be twenty ells in 

 height, bearing abundance of leafy branches, which are round, 

 much fubdivided, knotty, finely downy when young. Leaves 

 an inch long, alternate, on (hort broad ftalks, broadly ellip- 

 tical, obtufe, coriaceous, evergreen, fmooth, fliining, veiny, 

 entire in our fpecimen, though reported to be fometimes 

 toothed. Sttpulns minute, awl-fhaped, membranous, in 

 pairs, deciduous. Flowers few together, on axillary or 

 terminal, rtiort, downy flalks. Calyx expanding more than 

 half an inch, thickly clothed all over with (hort, denfe, white 

 pubefcence, as in Gretuia and TUia, to which we at firlt fuf- 

 pefted this genus might be allied ; as perhaps is the cafe, 

 though it will not anfwer to Jufiieu's definitions of his 

 TUiacee, or indeed any other order. The petals are probably 

 white or pink, but of this we have no information. Cap- 

 fules near an inch long, externally downy ; their inner coat 

 fmooth, cracking tranfverfely with age, but we can difcern 

 nothing like the feparate elaftic tunic of the true Rutace<e. — 

 Nothing but error and inconvenience can refult from placing 

 this genus in the clafs Polygamia. 



SMELBURG, in Geography, a town of the duchy of 

 Warfaw ; 50 miles N. of Gnefna. 



SMELL, Odor, with regard to the organ, is an im- 

 preffion made on the nofe by little particles continually ex- 

 haling from odorous bodies. 



Smell, with regard to the objeft, is the figure and dif- 

 pofition of odorous effluvia, which, flicking on the organ, 

 excite the fenfe of fmelling. 



Smell, with regard to the foul, is the perception of the 

 impreflion of the objeft on the organ ; or the affeftion in the 

 foul refulting from it. 



Smell, like tafte, confifts altogether in the arrangement, 

 compofition, and figure of the parts, as appears from the 

 following experiments of Mr. Boyle. 



1. From a mixture of two bodies, each of which is, 

 of itfelf, void of all fmell, a very urinous fmell may be 

 drawn : this is done by the grinding of quicklime with fal 

 ammoniac. 



2. By the admixture of common water, which of itfelf 

 is void of fmell, or inodorous, another inodorous body may 

 be made to emit a very rank fmell. Thus, camphor dif- 

 folved in oil of vitriol is inodorous, yet mixed with water 

 It immediately exhales a very itrong fmell. 



3. Compound bodies may emit fmells, which have no fimili- 

 tude to the fmells of the fimples of which they confift. Thus, 

 oil of turpentine, mixed witli a double quantity of oil of 

 vitriol, and diftilled ; after diftillation, there is no fmell 

 but of fulphur ; and what is left behind in the retort, be- 



S M E 



ing again urged by a more violent fire, yields a foiell like 

 oil of wax. 



4. Several fmells are only to be drawn forth by motion 

 and agitation. Thus, glafs, ftones, &c. which, even when 

 heated, yield no fmell ; yet, when rubbed and agitated in 

 a peculiar manner, emit a ftrong fmell : particularly beech- 

 wood, in turning, yields a kind of rofy fmell. 



5. A body that has a llrong fmell, by being mixed 

 with an inodorous one, may ceafe to have any fmell at all. 

 Thus, if aqua fortis, not well dephlegmated, be poured 

 on fait of tartar, till it ceafe to ferment ; the liquor, when 

 evaporated, will yield inodorous cryftals, much refembling 

 nitre ; yet thefe, when burnt, will yield a molt noifome 

 fmell. 



6. From a mixture of two bodies, one of which fmellg 

 extremely ill, and the other not well, a very pleafant aroma- 

 tic odour may be gained, w'z. by a mixture of aqua fortis, 

 or fpirit of nitre, with an inflammable fpirit of wine. 



7. Spirits of wine, by mixing with an almoft inodorous 

 body, may gain a very pleafaiit aromatic fmell. Thus, in- 

 flammable fpirits of wine and oil of Dantzic vitriol, mixed 

 in equal portions, then digelted, and at lall dillilled, yield 

 a fpirit of a very fragrant fmell. » 



8. A moll fragrant body may degenerate into a fetid 

 one, without the admixture of any other body. Thus, if 

 the fpirit mentioned in the former experiment be kept in 

 a well-clofed receiver, it will foon acquire the ranknefs of 

 garlic. 



9. From two bodies, one of which is inodorous, and the 

 other fetid, a very pleafant fmell may arife, much refem- 

 bling muflc, ii/'a. by putting pearls into fpirit of vitriol ; 

 for, when diflblved, they yield a very agreeable fmell. See 

 Smelling. 



Smell is ufed as a name for a peculiar fort of wine, of 

 which there are two fpecies ; the one fort is very fragrant, 

 mufcatelline, and aromatic ; this is called fimply ihefmell- 

 ivine: but the other, which is very rank and ofFenfive to 

 the nofe, is called by the Germans fmell-bruntzer. Many 

 have been the conjeftures about the occafion of the rank 

 fmell of this wine. 



The fmell is truly urinous, and is that of a volatile al- 

 kali ; which not^being embodied in, or fubdued by the acid 

 of the grape in this imperfe& fermentation, vents itfelf in 

 this rank manner. 



It is evident, that the fmell is of a volatile nature, for it 

 is often loll in the drawing of the wine feveral times out 

 of one veflel into another, evaporating during the time of 

 drawing it out. 



SMELLIE, William, M.D., in Biography, an emi- 

 nent teacher and pradlitioner of midwifery, was a native of 

 Scotland. After having fucceffively praAifed this art in a 

 fmall town of that country for a period of nineteen years, 

 he removed to London, and in 1 741 was living in Pall- 

 Mali, where Dr. William Hunter refided with him. This 

 circumftance implies, that he had already rifen to confider- 

 able eminence in his line, and he was in fadl in high repute 

 as a lefturer, being attended by a numerous concourfe of 

 pupils of both fexes. This reputation, indeed, he appears 

 to have merited by his talents and afliduity ; for he was 

 the firll in propofing many of the practical improvements, 

 which modern experience has admitted into the praftlce of 

 midwifery, and by his mechanical llcill he contributed mate- 

 rially to the improvement of the inltruments employed to 

 facihtate delivery in difficult cafes, and to the difufe of 

 thofe which were lefs fafe and convenient ; and he efta- 

 blifhed fome ufeful rules for their application. He was the 

 firft writer, who, by accurately determining the fliape and 

 4 fize 



