SMI 



S M O 



comprifes the largell part of the traft called New Peterl- 

 burg. The population in 1810 confifted of 2651 perfons. 

 The principal village is Peterboro', fituated on the Oneida 

 creek. N. lat. 42*^57', and W. long. 1° 37' from New York. 

 — Alfo, a townfhip of Pennfylvania, in Lycoming county, 

 containing 1084 inhabitants. — Alfo, a town of Rhode illand, 

 in Providence county, containing 3828 inhabitants. 



Smithfield, Lower, a townihip of Pennfylvania, in the 

 county of Northampton, containing 1326 inhabitants. 



Smithkield, Upper, a townfhip of Pennfylvania, in the 

 county of Wayne, containing 520 inhabitants. 



Smithkield, Middle, a townfhip of Pennfylvania, in the 

 county of Wayne, containing 682 inhabitants. 



SMITHIA, in Botany, was fo named, after the writer 

 of the prefent article, in the firft edition of the Hortiis 

 Kewenjis, of his ever valued and lamented friend the late 

 Mr. William Aiton, publiflied in 1789. — Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 cd. I. v. 3. 496 and 512. ed. 2. v. 4. 336. Schreb. 809. 

 Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. 1161. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. La- 

 marck Diiil. V. 7. 222. lUuftr. t. 627 Clafs and order, 



Diadelphia Decandria. Nat. Ord. P apilionacee, Linn. 

 Legumimife, Juil. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, two- 

 lipped ; the fegnients ovato-lanceolate, concave, acute, 

 nearly equal. Cor. papilionaceous. Standard inverfely 

 IjL'art-fhaped. Wings oblong, obtufe, rather Ihorter than 

 the ilandard. Keel linear-oblong, of one petal, cloven at 

 the bafe, the length of the wings. Stam. Filaments ten, 

 united into two equal fets, combined at the bottom ; anthers 

 oblong. Pyi. Germen fuperior, embraced by the bafe of 

 the calyx ; ftyle capillary, permanent ; ftigma fiinple. 

 Peric. Legume included within the calyx, of from four to 

 feven orbicular, finglc-feeded, dillintt, muricated joints, 

 connetled with the permanent folded llyle, and lying hori- 

 zontally over each other. Seeds folitary, kidney-lhaped, 

 comprefled^ fmooth. 



Elf. Ch. Stamens in two equal fets. Legume of feveral 

 horizontal, feparate joints, connefted by the folded ftyle, 

 and mclofed in the two-lipped, equal calyx. 



This genus, though eltablilhed under the authority of 

 two very eminent botanifts, Mr. Dryander and Mr. Salif- 

 bury, who thought it peculiarly well marked, has of late 



entire ienjlets, about a quarter of an inch long ; oblique at 

 the bafe ; glaucous beneath, their mid-rib and margins 

 efpecially befet with long, brilUy, tawny, clofe-preffed 

 hairs. Slipulas in pairs, lanceolate, membranous, ribbed ; 

 auricled and (purred at the bafe. The leaves fold together 

 when touched, as in the Mimoja pudica, but more tardily, 

 unlels in a very hot atmofphere. l^\\e Jloivers are yellow, 

 rather frnall, with a purplilh cedyx, accompanied by a pair 

 of clofe braSeas, half its own length. Joints of the legume 

 as fmall as Red-poppy feed. 



2. S. conferta. Clofe-flowered Smithia. — Lips of the 

 calyx toothed. Cluiters feflile, fiiorter than the leaves. — 

 Gathered in the tropical part of New Holland, by fir Jofeph 

 Banks, to whom we are obliged for a fpecimen. This 

 feems likewife to be an annual herbaceous plant. Thejlems 

 are ereft, flender, unbranched, round, fmooth. Lea-vet 

 few, diftant, except at the top, where two or three are 

 crowded together ; their leaflets much as in the foregoing. 

 Stipulas fpurred, but fcarcely auricled. Clujlers axillary, 

 leflile, of a very few Jloivers, whofe petals, in the dried 

 fpecimen, are of a reddifh or tawny hue. By the pofitioii 

 of the dried leaves this fpecies feems aUo fenfitive ; and per- 

 haps they fold at night over the Jlowers, like thofe of the 

 Lotus tetragonolobus, celebrated for having firft led Linnxus 

 to conlider what he afterwards called the Sleep of Plants. 



SMITHLAND, in Geography, a poft-town of Ken- 

 tucky, in the county of Livinglton, containing 99 inha- 

 bitants : the county contains 3575. 



SMITHTOWN, a poft-townfhip of New York, in Suf- 

 folk county, Long Ifland ; 92 miles E. of New York ; con- 

 taining 1592 inhabitants, including 72 (laves. This place 

 employs 14 vcfTels principally in the trade with New York, 

 of 30 to 100 tons burthen. 



SMITHVILLE, a town of North Carolina, near the 

 mouth of Cape Fear river; 30 miles S. of Wilmington. 

 — Alfo, a townfhip of Chenango county, ercfted from a 

 part of Greene in 1808 ; 13 miles S.W. of Norwich ; con- 

 taining 995 inhabitants, who manufafture moft of their 

 clothing in the houfehold way. 



SMITING-LiNii, in a Ship, is a fmall rope faftcned to 

 the mizen-yard-arm, below at the deck, and is always furled 

 up with the mizen-fail, even to the upper end of the yard. 



been found fo nearly to accord with the ori.jinal fpecies of and from thence it comes down to the poop. Its ufe is to 



Jefchynomcne, as to be fcarcely diltinguifhable therefrom 

 Mr. Brown, however, who made this difcovery, ftill con- 

 fiders Smithia as diltinft ; the legume of Aefchynomene being 

 flrai^,ht, compofed of a leries of vertical joints, conneded 

 by their edjres, and projefting out of the calyx, while the 

 latter is deeply divided. Their habits, and even the fenfi- 

 bility of their foliage, bring them fo clofely together, that 

 we doubt, at lealt, the propriety of keeping them feparate, 

 though we are content, for the prefent, to leave them as 

 we find them. Two fpecies only of the genus before us 

 have been obferved. 



I. S. Jcnfiii'ua. Annual Smithia. Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 ed. I. V. 3. 496. t. 13. cd. 2. n. i. Willd. n. i. Salifb. 

 Parad. t. 92. — " Lips of the calyx entire. Clufters llalked, 

 of few flowers." — Difcovered in moift paftures, on the 

 coaft of Coromandel, by J. G. Koenig, M.D., by whom 

 feeds were fent in 1785 to fir Jofeph Banks. The plant is 

 annual, and ul'ually kept in a hot-bed, or Itovc ; but, ac- 

 cording to Mr. Saiifbury, the feeds fcattering tliemfelves in 

 favourable fituations, will fometimes come up in the open 

 ground, even in dry gravel. The root is tapering. Stems 

 leveral, fpreading, various in luxuriance, more or Icfs 

 branched, round, fmooth, leafy. Leaves alternate, ab- 

 ruptly pinnate, of four, five, or fix pair of elliptical, obtufe, miniflied ; and thus, beiii 



loofe the mizen-fail, without ftriking down tlie yard, which 

 is eafily done, becaufe the mizen-fail is furled up only with 

 rope-yarns ; and, therefore, when this rope is pulled hard> 

 it breaks all the rope-yarns, and fo the fail falls down of 

 itfelf. The word of art ii, fmite the mizeii, (whence this 

 rope takes its name,) that is, hale by this rope that the fail 

 may fall down. 



SMITTL, in Geography, a town of Afiatic Turkey, 

 in Caramania ; 18 miles E.N.E. of Cogni. 



SMOCK, Lady's, or Bitter Crejfes, in Agriculture, a 

 plant of the weed kind, found in coppices, and on the banks 

 of rivers, which fheep are laid fometimes to eat. The com- 

 mon fort is thought by fome to be nfefnl in epilepfies. 



SMOKE, or S.MOAK, Fumus, a humid matter, exhaled 



in form of vapour by the aftion of heat, either external or 



internal ; or fmoke confills of palpable particles, elevated 



by means of the rarefying heat, or by the force of the 



afccnding current of air, from bodies expofed to heat ; and 



tlicfe particles vary much in their properties, according to 



the lubllances from which tliey are produced. See Fl.\.mk. 



Smoke, fir Ifaac Newton obferves, afcend^. in the chimney 



by the impulfe of the air it floats in : for that air, being 



rarefied by the fire underneath, has its fpecific gravity di- 



determincd to afcend itfelf, it 



carries 



