S M O 



carries up the fmoke along with it. The tail of a comet 

 that great author takes alfo to afcend from the nucleus, 

 after the fame manner. (See Comet.) Smoke of fat 

 unftuous woods, as fir, beech, &c. makes what we call 

 lamp black. 



Smoke, arifing from the combuftion of vegetables, is a 

 mixture of water, oil, volatile falts, and all the gafeous 

 produfls which refult from the combination of vital air with 

 the feveral principles of the vegetable. 



There are various inventions for preventing and curing 

 fmoky chimnies ; as the seolipiles of Vitruvius, the venti- 

 dufts of Cardan, the windmills of Bernard, the capitals of 

 Serlio, the little drums of Paduanus, and feveral artifices of 

 De Lorme. See Chim\ey and ¥lRE-Places. 



In the Philofophical Tranfaftions we have the defcription 

 of an engine, invented by Monfieur Dalefme, which con- 

 fumes the fmoke of all forts of wood, and that fo totally, as 

 the mod curious eye cannot difcover it in the room, nor the 

 riceft nofe to fmell it, though the fire be made in the middle 

 of the room. It confifts of feveral iron hoops, four or five 

 inches in diameter, which fhut into one another, and is 

 placed on a trevet. A brand taken out of the fire fmokes 

 inltantly, but ceafes as foon as returned : the moil fetid 

 things, as a coal fteeped in cat's pifs, which ftinks abomi- 

 nably when taken out of the fire, yet in it makes not the lealt 

 ill fcent ; no more than red-herrings broiled, &c. 

 SMOKE-Jaci. See Jack. 



Smoke- Fcirthings were the pentecoftal or cuftomary obla- 

 tions offered by the inhabitants within any diocefe, when 

 they made their procefiions to the cathedral church ; which 

 came, by degrees, into an annual (landing rent, called 

 fmoke-farthings. See Pentecostals. 



SMOKE-Silver, in our Old Writers. Lands were held in 

 fome places by the payment of the fum of fix-pence yearly 

 to the fheriff, called fmoke-filver. 



Smoke-filver and fmoke-penny are to be paid to the 

 minifters of divers parifhes as a modus, in lieu of tithe- 

 wood ; and in fome manors, formerly belonging to religious 

 houfeG, there is Hill paid, as appendant to the faid manors, 

 the ancient Peter-pence, by the name of fmoke-money. 



SMOKEY Bay, in Geography, a large bay on the weft 

 coaft of the entrance into Cook's river, between Cape 

 Doug:la5 and Point Banks. 



SMOLEN, an ifland in the North fea, on the coaft of 

 Norway, 25 miles in circumference. N. lat. 63° 24'. E. 

 long. 8° 2&. 



SMOLENSK, a town of Ruflia, and capital of a go- 

 vernment, fituated on the Dnieper ; the refidence of a 

 governor, and a bifliop's fee, with very confiderable com- 

 merce. The podeffion of it has been often difputed between 

 the Poles and the Ruffians. It is built on two hills, be- 

 tween which are a valley and river, and furrounded with 

 walls, 30 feet high and 15 thick, the lower part being Hone, 

 and the upper brick, wliich trace the courfe of the hills, and 

 enclofe a fpace of about five miles. At every angle towers 

 are erected. The houfes of the common people are moftly 

 conftrufted of wood : the number of inhabitants is faid to 

 exceed 4000. The chief articles of trade are flax, hemp, 

 timber, malls, planks, honey, wax, hides, hogs' bridles, 

 and Siberian furs ; 420 miles E.N.E. of Warfaw. N. lat. 

 54° 40'. E. long. 32=" 18'. 



Smolensk, a government of Ruffia, bounded on the 

 north by Pfovllioe and Tverflioe, on the eafl. by Mofcovlkaia 

 and Kaluzfkoe, on the fouth by Oilovflioe and Nov£;orod 

 Sievcrfliue, and on the woil by Polotzflioe and Mogilevfkce; 

 at its greatell length 180 miles from N. to S., and 160 from 

 E. to W. This government contains White Ruffia, pro- 



a writer of con- 

 at Dalquhurn, in 



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perly fo called, and was ceded by Poland to Ruflia, as a 

 duchy, by a treaty, concluded in the year 1667, and con- 

 firmed in 16S6. Its capital is Smolenflc. N. lat. 53° at/ 

 to 56° 15'. E. long. 31° to 36^. 



SMOLIN, a town of Hungary ; 22 miles N.N.E. of 

 Prefburif — Alfo, a mountain of Boinia ; 32 miles S.S.W. 

 of Zwornick. 



SMOLLET, Tobias, in Biography, 

 fiderable reputation, was born, in 1720, 

 Dumbartonffiire. After a common education he was put 

 apprentice to a furgeon in Glafgow, and .-.l ihe fame time 

 he availed hitnfelf of the opportunity of attending medical 

 leftures at the univerfity. At this early period he compofed 

 a tragedy. In his nineteenth year he quitted Scotland for 

 London, where he quickly obtained the fituation of fur. 

 geon's mate in the navy. He failed in the expedition 

 fitted out acjainft Carthagena, under admiral Vernon and 

 general Wentworth ; and during the voyage he difplayed his 

 powers of obfervation, as well as his fatirical turn, by the 

 account he drew up of that ill condudled and unfuccefsful 

 enterprize. He was foon difgulled with the fervice in which 

 he had engaged, and quitted it in the Weit Indies. It had, 

 however, been of great fervice, by introducing him to that 

 acquaintance with the manners and language of failors, of 

 which he made the raoft amufing exhibitions in his novels. 

 The favage cruelties ufed by the king's troops after the 

 battle of CuUoden called fonh SmoUet's warmeft feelings, 

 and occafioned his poem entitled " The Tears of Scotland," 

 which by its fpirit and elegance placed the author high in 

 the rank of mmor poets. It was followed by two fatires, a 

 fpecies of compofition to which the natural irritabihty of 

 temper gave him a propenfity. He married, in 1747, a 

 lady, with whom he expefted a good fortune, of which) 

 however, he received very little, and the expenfive ftyle in 

 which he fet out in life brought him very foon into ferious 

 difficulties. In this emergency he had recourfe to his pen, 

 and in 1748 he produced his firft novel, entitled " Roderick 

 Random," which had no doubt ftrong allufions to his 

 own hiitory, and became extremely popular. ~A trip to 

 Paris, in 1750, enlarged his knowledge of the world, and 

 gave rife to his " Adventures of Peregrine Pickle," in 

 which he exerted all the powers of humorous invention and 

 delineation, though often at the expence of delicacy and 

 morality. He now determined to purfue his profeffion, and 

 commenced phyfician at Bath, but he met with fo little 

 fuccefs that he foon abandoned it, and refumed writing as 

 a proteffion. His next publication was " Adventures of 

 Ferdinand Count Fathom," which was followed by a new 

 tranflation of Don Quixote. In 1756 he undertook the 

 management of a new Revievi-, under the title of the 

 " Critical," which, after undergoing a number of changes, 

 ftill exiils. His fatirical and acrimonious fpirit foon broke 

 out in this journal, and involved him in a quarrel with ad- 

 miral Knowles, on whofe conduCl in the expedition to 

 Rochefort he had fpnken with great feverity. SmoUet was 

 profecuted and conviAed of a libel, and fuffered the punifh- 

 ment of the law, viz. fine and imprifonment. 



After this he wrote for the theatre an after-piece, entitled 

 the " Reprifai, or the Tars of Old England ;" this was 

 aiSled at Drury-lane in 1757 ; and in the following year he 

 publifhed a hailily written " Complete Hiftory of England, 

 from the Defcent of Julius Caefar to the Treaty of Aix-la- 

 Chapelle," in two vols. 410. About the fame period he 

 publifhed a novel, entitled " The Adventures of Sir Launce- 

 iot Greaves," and he is fuppofed to have written the hif- 

 tories of France, Italy, and Germany, in the modern part 

 of the Univerfal Hiitory, In 1761 he began to pubhfh hi» 



«< Con- 



