S N ^ 



SNA 



male, or abortive. Fruit the fize of muftard-feed, blackifh, 



obfcurtly angular in Kalin'j dried fpecimen, agreeing much 

 with fome kinds of Ligvjlicum, to which genus this plant 

 is clolely allied in habit ; fee Ligusticum. The feeds of 

 thefe genera are, in fome cafes, nearly akin ; which "circum- 

 ilance has led a learned botanical traveller, Marfchall von 

 Bieberllein, to name a plant of mount Caucafus Smyrnium 

 nudicaule, which is no other than Ligujlicum cornubienfe, ac- 

 cording to a fpecimen from Dr. Fifclier. This is the more 

 Airprifing, as the fame able botanilt had previoufly de- 

 fcribcd Danaa of Allioni, which is the very fame fpecies, 

 for a Plmpiiiella. See Sims and Konig's Ann. of Bot. 

 v. 2. 433. The prefence of a general and partial /«Wa- 

 crum, and efpecially the fmall, not capitate, Jligmas, prove 

 it, neverthelefs, to be no Pimpmella ; nor do t)\<i feeds them- 

 felves anfwer to that genus. 



II. S. nudicaule. Naked-ilalked Alexanders. Purrti 

 n. J — " Leaves radical, ternate ; leaflets with a few un- 

 equal teeth. Flower-ftalk radical. Rays of the umbel 

 elongated, with fcarcely any general or partial involucrum." 

 — Gathered by governor Lewis, on the Columbia river, 

 flowering in April and May. Root perennial. The natives 

 cat the tops of this plant, and boil it in their foiips, as we 

 ufe celery. Pmjli. 



Smyiinium, in Gardening, contains a plant of the her- 

 i baceous efculcnt kind, of which the fpecies cultivated is 

 the common alexanders (S. oluiatrum). 



Method of Culture. — Thefe plants are raifed from feeds, 

 which (hould be fown in the ipring, in any light foil and 

 open fituation, in (hallow drills, fifteen or eighteen inches 

 afunder ; and when the plants are come up two or three 

 inches high, be thinned out to fix or eight inches diilance in 

 the rows, to give them room to flioot up llrong ; when 

 earth mull be drawn up about them gradually, in order to 

 blanch or whiten them a little below, that they may be 

 more crifp and tender for autumn and winter ufe ; but as in 

 the fpring following tiiey fhoot out again vigoroufly, fome 

 earth fhould be hoed up clofe about each plant, and in three 

 or four weeks they will be blanched fit for nfe. 



This is ufed as a culinary plant, when blanched, in the 

 fame manner as celery, and is of a warm aromatic quality. 



SMYRUS, in Ichthyology, a name fometimcs given by 

 Pliny to the iilh called by authors myrus, the Munenti myrus 

 of Linnaeus, and by WiUugliby the fea-ferpent, with a 

 comprelled tail. 



It is a fpecies of the murxna according to Artedi, and is 

 diftinguifhed from all the others by that author, under the 

 name of th"^ mnrina with a (harp fnont, variegated with 

 white fpofs, and with the edge of the back-fin black. 



SMYTHAM, in Mineralogy, lead-ore (tamped and 

 pounded down, like powder or fand, to cleanfe the (tones 

 aiiil earth from the ore. 



SNAA8EN, in Geography, a lake of Norway, in the 

 province of Dronlheim, 24 miles long and three wide ; 54 

 miles N.N.E. of Drontheim. 



SNACKENBURG, a town of Weftphalin, in the 

 principality of Luneburg-Zelle ; 52 miles E.S.E. of Lune- 

 burg. 



SN^EFELL'-s Sy.s.skl, a dillrift of Iceland, about fix 

 miles to the well of Miklalioh, which is a village fituated 

 on a fmall eminence, completely lurrounded by moralfes, 

 and conlilts of a church, the pried's houfe, and a few cot- 

 tages. This SyfTcl forms the extremity of the peninfula, 

 terminated by the Siixfell .lokul. The central pjrt of this 

 peninfula, through its whole length, is occupied by a lofty 

 range of mountains, between which and tlie fea, on the 



Vol. XXXIIl. 



fouthern fide, an extenfive trad of flat land intervenes. Be- 

 yond Miklaholt, this plain narrows confiderably, becoming 

 not more than three or four irtiles in width. Some part of 

 this extent is fandy, and appears to have been left by the fea. 

 The greated part, however, is boggy ; and the whole is 

 covered with an abundance of fine grals, on which numbers 

 of cattle and (heep are feen grazing. Here and there are 

 fmall elevations. See Stader.stad. 



The height of Snaefell Jokul was afcertained by calculation 

 to be 4558 feet ; which eftimate differs no more than a few 

 feet from the meafurement of the Danifh officers, who 

 at this time (1810) were employed in furveying the coalls of 

 Iceland. Neverthelefs, Egbert Oladoo, one of the molt 

 eminent naturalilts in modern times, afferts that, by ba- 

 rometrical meafurement, he found the height of this moun- 

 tain to be not lefs than 7.000 feet ; a calculation that certainly 

 dilfers widely from the truth. This mountain is volcanic, as 

 part of it has difcharged lava, which has flowed into the fea : 

 but this lava is very ancient ; a-; no eruptions have taken place, 

 either from the Snjefell Jokul, or from any part of the ad- 

 jacent mountains, flnce the ifland firll became inhabited. 

 This mountain was alcended by the travellers whofe report 

 we are now citing, and they have defcribed the pcogrefs of 

 their afcent, which was a very adventurous undertaking, on 

 account of the chafms and precipices occafioned by the fnow 

 that covers the fummit and fides of it. 



Snaefell SylTel is fituated on the weitern coaft (feeSyssEL), 

 and contains 270 farms, 6j2 families, and 3541 inhabitants. 

 Mackenzie's Travels in Iceland. 



yNAFELSNESS, a promontory on the welt coaft of 

 Iceland, 45 miles long, and five broad. 



SNAFFEN, a town of Norway, in the province of 

 Drontheim ; 46 miles N.E. of Drontheim. 



SNAFFLE, in the Manege, a well-known kind of bridle. 

 The fnaffle, after the Englifh falhion, is a very (lender bit- 

 mouth, without any branches ; they are much ufed in Eng- 

 land inftead of true bridles, which are only employed in the 

 feivice of war. The French call them bridons, by way of 

 dillindlion from brides, i. e. bridles. 



The fnaffle, or fmall watering-bit, is commonly a fcatch- 

 moiith, accoutred with two little very (Iraight branches, and 

 a curb, and mounted with a head-ftall, and two long reins 

 of Hungary leather. See Biudle. 



The InafHe is much recommended by Mr. Berenger in his 

 Hiltory and Art of Horiemanfhip, vol. ii. p. 225, &c. 



SNAFIELD, in Geography, the highcll mountain in the 

 Ifle of Man ; its height, obferved by an exacl barometer, 

 the mercury of whicli fnbfidcd 2-,',, inches, being at>out 

 580 yardf. The fnmmit of this mountain alTords a pro- 

 (peft of England, Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. 



SNAG-GllEET. See SSAIL-Co^/. 



SNAIL, in Ichthyology. See Lu'ARls Noflras. 



Snail, Helix, in Natural Hijlory. Sec Hi:lix. 



The garden fnail, or helix lucorum of Pultney, is a well- 

 known fpecies: it abounds witii a vilcid (limy juice, which 

 it readily gives out by boiling to milk or water, fo as to 

 render tliem thick and glutinous. The decodtions in milk 

 are apparently very nutritious and demulcent, and have been 

 recommended in a thin acrimonious (tatc of the humours, in 

 conlumptivc calcs and emaciations. See Heli.x Horlenfis. 



The exotic fnail, or pomatia helix of Linnaeus, is alfo ce- 

 lebratcd on account of its naturalization in this country, by 

 fir Kenelm Digby, and its ufe, as a food, in fcverai parts 

 of Europe during Lent. See PoMATiA and Helix Fo- 

 malia. 



PL-rraiih doiibtnof fnails having eyes, and Dr. Brown 4enic; 

 C c it i 



