SOCIETY. 



bcrs ; for to conquer difficulties fo ^reat as they mull meet 

 with, a portion feems to be nccefTary of that enthufiafm 

 which accompanied all the purfuits of fir William Jones ; 

 but his fucceliors will, we trufl, ufe their utmoft. endeavours 

 to have the plan completed of which fir William gave the 

 outlines. 



Society for tuorking Mines, an aflbciation not long ago 

 formed on the continent of Europe. This inftitution ori- 

 ginated at an accidental meeting of feveral mineralogifts at 

 Skleno, near Schemnitz, in Hungary, coUefted to examine 

 a new method of amalgamation. The objedt of the fociety 

 is phyfical geography ; mineralogy founded on chemidry ; 

 the management of ore in the different operations which it Un- 

 dergoes ; fubterraneous geometry ; the hitlory of mining ; 

 founderies, and the procefles for the extraction of the me- 

 tals from the ores, either by fufion or amalgamation, in every 

 inftance applied to praftice. The end of this inftitution is 

 to colled, in the moft extenfive fenfe, every thing that can 

 affiit the operations of the miner, and to communicate it to 

 the different members, that they may employ it for the pub- 

 lic good, in their refpeftive countries. Each member mull 

 confider himfelf as bound to fend to the fociety every thing 

 which will contribute to the end of its inftitution ; to point 

 out, with precifion, the feveral faAs and obfervations ; to 

 communicate every experiment which occurs, even the un- 

 fuccefsful ones, if the relation may feem to be advantageous 

 to the public ; to communicate to the fociety their examina- 

 tion of fchemes, and their opinions on queftions propofed by 

 it ; and to pay annually two ducats (about i8j. 6d.) to the 

 dircdtion every Eafter. The fociety, on the other hand, is 

 bound to publifli every novelty that fhall be communicated 

 to it ; to communicate to each member, at the member's 

 expence, the memoirs, defigns, models, produftions, and 

 every thing connefted with the inftitution ; to anfwer all the 

 Beceflary demands made, relating in any refpeft to minin^^^ ; 

 and to give its opinion on every plan or projeft communicated 

 through the medium of an honorary member. 



The great centre of all inteUigence is to beat Zellerfield, 

 in Hartz, Brunfwick : but the fociety is not fixed to any 

 one fpot : for every particular ftate fome praftical mineralo- 

 gift is nominated as direftor. Among thefe are the names 

 of baron Born, M. Pallas, M. Charpentier, M. Prebra, and 

 M. Henkcl. Their office is to propofe the members ; to take 

 care that tlie views of the fociety are purfued in the different 

 countries where they rcfide ; to anfwer the requelts of the 

 members of their country who are qualified to make them ; 

 in cafe of the death of a direftor, to choofe another ; and 

 the majority is to determine where the archives and the flrong 

 box is to be placed. 



All the eminent mineralogifts in Europe are members of 

 this fociety. It is ereded on fo liberal and fo extenfive a 

 plan, that we entertain the higheft hopes of its fuccefs ; 

 and have only to add, that we wifti much to fee the ftudy 

 of feveral other fciences purfued in the fame manner. 



Society, Brili/hy for exlcnding the Fi/beries, and im- 

 proving ibe Sea-Conjlt of this Kingdom, was iiiltituted in 

 1786. Tlie end and defign of this fociety will bell appear 

 from their charter, of which we prefent an abftrad. 



The preamble ilates, " the great want of improvement in 

 fifhcries, agriculture, and manufaiflures, in the Highlands 

 and iflands of North Britain ; the prevalence of emigration, 

 from the want of employment in thofe parts ; the profped 

 «f anew nurfery of feamen, by the cftablifhment of fifhing 

 towns and villages in that quarter. The ad therefore de- 

 clares, that the perfons therein named, and every other per- 

 fon or pcifims who (hall thereafter become proprietors 

 ©f the joint ftock mentioned therein, fhall be a diftind and 



Vol. XXXni. 



feparate body politic and corporate, by the name of «' The 

 Britilh Society for extending the Fifheries and improving 

 the Sea-Coafts of this Kingdom :" — that the faid fociety may 

 raife a capital joint ftock, not exceeding 150,000/., to be 

 applied to purchafing, or otherwife acquiring, lands and te- 

 nements in perpetuity, for the building thereon, and on no 

 other land whatever, free towns, villages, and fifhing Ra- 

 tions : — that the joint ftock fliall be divided into ftiares of 

 40/. each : — that no one perfon fhall, in his or her name, 

 poflefs more than ten fhares, or 500/.: — that the fociety fhall 

 not borrow any fum or fums of money whatfoever : — that 

 the fums to be advanced for this undertaking, and the pro- 

 fits arifing therefrom, fhall be divided proportionably to the 

 fum fubfcribed ; and that no perfon fhall be liable for a larger 

 fum than he or flie fhall have refpedively fubfcribed : — that 

 one or two fhares fhall entitle to one vote and no more 

 in perfon or by proxy, at all meetings of proprietors ; 

 three or four fhares to two votes ; five, fix, or feven 

 fhares, to three votes ; eight or nine fiiares to four votes ; 

 and ten fhares to five votes, and no more : — that more 

 perfons than one inclining to hold in their joint names 

 one or more fhares, fhall be entitled to vote, by one of 

 fuch perfons, according to the priority of their names, or 

 by proxy : — that bodies corporate fhall vote by proxy under 

 their feal : — that all perfons holding proxies fliall be pro- 

 prietors, and that no one perfon fliall ^hold more than five 

 votes by proxy : — that the affairs of the fociety fhall be ma- 

 naged by a governor, deputy-governor, and thirteen other 

 diredors, to be eleded annually on the 25th of March, 

 from among the proprietors of the fociety, holding at 

 leaft one full fliare, by figned hfts of their names, to be 

 tranfmitted by tht proprietors to the fecretary of the fo- 

 ciety : — that five proprietors, not being governor, diredor, 

 or other officer, fliall be in hke manner annually eleded to 

 audit the accounts of the fociety : — that there fhall be one 

 general meeting of the proprietors annually, on the 25th of 

 March : — that occafional general meetings fliall be called, on 

 the requeft of nine or more proprietors : — that the general 

 meetings of the proprietors fliall make all bye-laws and con- 

 ftitutions for the government of the fociety, and for the 

 good and orderly carrying on of the bufinefs of the fame : 

 — that no transfer fhall be made of the ftock of the fociety 

 for three years from the loth of Auguft 1786 : — that the 

 cafli of the fociety fliall be lodged ia tlie bank of England, 

 bank of Scotland, or the royal bank of Scotland : — that 

 no diredor, proprietor, agent, or officer of the fociety, fliall 

 retain any fum or fums of money in his hands beyond the 

 fpacc of thirty days, on any account whatfoever : — that all 

 payments by the fociety fhiill be made by drafts on the faid 

 banks, under the hands of the governor or deputy-governor, 

 counterfigned by the fecretary or his deputy, and two or 

 more diredors : — and that the books in which the accounts 

 of the fociety fliall be kept fliall be open to all the pro- 

 prietors." 



The inftitution of this public-fpirited fociety was in a 

 great meafure owing to the exertions of the patriotic John 

 Knox ; who, in the courfe of twenty-three years, traverfed 

 and explored the Highland: of Scotland no Icfs than fixtecn 

 times, and expended feveral thoufand pounds of his owu 

 fortune in purfuing his patriotic defigns. 



Society, lini'ifh Wool. See Britifh Wool Society. 



Society, Geological, was inftituted in 1811, under a pre- 

 fident, four vice-prefidents, treafurer, two lecretaries, and a 

 foreign fecretary. 



Society, Alincralogical, was inftituted in 1799; '"** '' 

 is now incorporated with the former. 



Society, Entomolegical, of London, inftituted in 1S06, 

 G g hw 



