SOL 



SOL 



Sol, in Heraldry, denotes or, the golden colour in the 

 arms of fovereign princes. 



Sol Galk%k, in Geography, a town of Rullia, in tiie go- 

 vernment of Koftrom ; 96 miles N-N.E. of Kollrom. N. 

 lat. 59°. E. long. 42° 24'. 



Sol Vitchegodjh, a town of Ruflia, on the river Vitciiega ; 

 36 miles N. of Uftiug. N. lat. 61° 30'. E. long. 46° 14'. 



SOLA, a fmall ifland in the Caribbean fea ; 30 miles 

 E. of Margarita. — Alfo, a fmall ifland among the Philippines, 

 near the S. coad of the ifland of Lu?on. N. lat. 13° 22'. 

 E. long. 12° 46'. 



Sola, La, Pyljlart's IJlands, fo called by Maurelle. See 

 Pylstart. 



SOL./EUS, in Anatomy. See SoLEUS. 



SOLAGNA, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the 

 Trevifan ; 5 miles S. of Cifme. 



SOLAGUR, a town of Bengal ; 25 miles W.N.W. of 

 Silhet. 



SOLAKI, a town of Dageftan ; 60 miles N.N.W. of 

 Derbend. 



SOLAN, a town of Africa, in Caftina. N. lat. 1 6° 30'. 

 E. long. 10°. 



SOLANA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 Serica. Ptolemy. 



SOLAND, or SoLAN-Goo/i, in Ornithology. See Pele- 

 CANUS Bajfanus. 



SOLANDER's Island, in Geography, an ifland in the 

 South Pacific ocean, near the S. coaft of New Zealand, 

 difcovered by captain Cook in March 1770 ; and fo named 

 after Dr. Solander. It is merely a barren rock, about a mile 

 in circuit, remarkably high, and lying full five leagues diilant 

 from the main. The ftiore of the main lies nearcil E. by 

 S. and W. by N., and forms a large open bay, in which 

 there is no appearance of any harbour or flielter for (hipping 

 againft S.W. and foutherly winds : the furface of the country 

 is broken into craggy hills of a great height, on the fummits 

 of which were feveral patches of fnow ; it is not, however, 

 wholly barren, for wood was feen not only in the vallies, 

 but upon the higheft ground ; but it exhibited no figns of 

 being inhabited. S. lat. 46° 31'. W. long. 192'^ 49'. 

 Hawkefworth's Voy. vol. iii. — Alfo, a fmall ifland in the 

 Mergui Archipelago. N. lat. 10° 39'. 



SOLANDERS, in Farriery. Sec Malanders. 



SOLANDRA.in Botany, was originally defUned by the 

 younger Linnaeus, to preferve the memory of his friend 

 Dr. Daniel Charles Solander, F.R.S., fo well known in 

 England as the companion of fir Jofeph Banks, in his 

 voyage round the world, and afterwards one of the libra- 

 rians of the Britifh Mufeum. He was intimately con- 

 nefted with the moft eminent cultivators of natural fcience 

 here in England, efpecially Ellis (fee that article) ; being 

 no lefs efteemed for his polite and agreeable manners, than 

 his extenfive knowledge. He died of an apoplexy, in 

 1782, aged 46. His learned botanical manufcripts remain 

 in the Bankfian library ; his premature deceafe having pre- 

 vented his finifhing, for publication, any confiderable work, 

 though his information enriched every thing that appeared 

 in this country during his refidence here. The great Lin- 

 nius, who jullly confidered Solander as one of his ablell 

 pupils, had named a Solandra in the 6th edition of Gen. PL 

 but this was fubfequently referred to Hydrocotyh. The 

 genus we are now to deCcribe, mull be confidered as 

 firll publilhed, by being reprefented on the honorary 

 medal ftruck in Sweden foon after Dr. Solandcr's death ; 

 and thus it takes place of the lefs certain and ornamental 

 Solandra of Murray, in Linn. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. 623, not 

 publithed till 1784 — Swartz in Stock. Tranf. for 1784. 



Vol. XXXIII. 



!;oo. t. II. Ind. Occ. T. I. 386. Schreb. 793. Willd, 

 Sp. PI. V. I. 936. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. Saliflj. Tr.- 

 of L. Soc. V. 6. 99. t. 6. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. i. 388. — 

 Clafs and order, Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Lurida, 

 Linn. Solaneis affine, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, tubular, 

 angular, with from three to five lanceolate, ereft teeth, fub- 

 fequently more deeply feparated, permanent. Cor. of one 

 petal, thrice the length of the calyx, funnel-fliaped ; tube 

 inflated and bell-fliaped in the upper part, five-ribbed ; 

 limb in five roundifli, fpreading, reflexed, wavy, partly 

 doubly crenate, lobes. Stam. Filaments five, thread-fliaped, 

 declining, the length of the tube, inferted into its middle 

 part ; anthers terminal, verfatile, fomewhat pyramidal, of 

 two cells. Pift. Germen fupcrior, oval ; ityle thread- 

 fliaped, declining, longer than the llamens ; ftigma obtufe, 

 comprefl'ed, flightly two-lobed. Peric. Berry oval, pointed, 

 fmooth, of four cells. Seeds very numerous, kidney-fliaped, 

 imbedded in pulp, inferted into a four-branched receptacle. 



Eir. Ch. Calyx tubular, fplitting. Corolla funnel- 

 fliaped, inflated, irregular ; limb in five rounded, reflexed, 

 unequal fegments. Berry of four cells, with many feeds. 



I. S. grandiflora. Great-flowered Solandra. Willd. n. I. 

 Ait. n. I. Jacq. Hort. Schonbr. v. i. 21. t. 45. — Native 

 of Jamaica, where, according to Swartz, it occupies the 

 clefts of rocks, and the trunks of the largelt trees, climbing, 

 by roots thrown out of the ilem, to their very fummits, 

 from whence its long, fpreading, leafy, dependent branches 

 hang down very far, flowering in January and February, 

 and ripening fruit in Augufl;. The plant was introduced 

 at Kew by Mr. Malfon, in 1 78 1, and long known by the 

 extemporaneous name of Portlandioides, given by its finder ; 

 for being treated with the ufual fupplies of water, and a 

 rich foil, it grew every year luxuriantly, but never flowered, 

 till accidentally fet afide and neglefted, in the dry ftove. 

 By fuch management it has often flowered fince, and 

 Jacquin fays it ripens fruit and feed at Schonbrun. The 

 •wood is Ipongy. Stem and branches round. Leaves fcat- 

 tered, moll crowded about the ends of the branches, re- 

 flexed, ftalked, obovate, or elliptic-oblong, acute, entire, 

 fomewhat undulated, fingle-ribbed, flightly fucculent, more 

 or lefs downy, from four to fix inches long ; paler beneath. 

 Footjlalls an inch long, round, downy. Flo'wers ufually 

 folitary, terminal, nearly feflile, very large, a fpan long, 

 magnificent in appearance, and delicioufly fragrant. The 

 corolla is cream-coloured, with a tinge of yellow ; the out- 

 fide often purphfli, and flightly downy ; the fegments of 

 the limb flaccid, partly entire, partly crenate, and waved, 

 in an elegant manner. Fruit fometimes as big as a hen's 

 egg, white, red within, of a fweet fiibacid lalte. — The in- 

 habitants of Jamaica know this plant by tlie name of the 

 Peach-coloured Trumpet-flower. Plumier is faid to have 

 left a flietch of it, among his drawings, by the name of 

 Stramonium fcandens,Jlore luteo. 



SOLANEiE, the 4 1 11 natural order in Juffieu's fyttem, 

 the 8th of his 8th clafs. It is thus named from the 

 Nightfliade, (fee Solanum,) which is one of the tribe, and 

 the order is nearly equivalent to the Linnzan LuRlDiT;, fee 

 that article. We refer the reader to GENTiANyi: for the 

 charader of Juflieu's 8th clafs ; and to Lysimachi.t;, Pldi- 

 cuLAREs, Sapot«, and Scroi'Hulaui/TC, for fome orders 

 belonging to it. — The Solane^e are thus defined. 



Caly.v generally in five fegments, more or lefs deeply fe- 

 parated, for the moll part permanent. Corolla generally regu- 

 lar, and five-cleft. Stamens mollly five, ulually inferted into 

 the lower part of the corolla. Style folitary. Stigma fimplc, 

 or rarely cloven. Fruit molUy of two cells, with many 

 O o ftcds ; 



