SOL 



SOL 



by Cafpar Bauhin, and fome others, to a fpecies of win- 

 ter-cherry, the whorled alkekeiigi with fmall fruit. 



SOLAR, fomething belonging to the fun. 



Thus, we fay folar fire in contradiftindlion to culinary 

 fire. 



SoL.'Vll Cmil Month. See MoNTM. 



Solar Cycle. See Cycle. 



Solar Comet. See Discus. 



Solar Eclipfe, is a privation of the light of the fun, by 

 the interpofition of the opaque body of the moon. See 

 Eclip.se. 



Solar Month, Rifing, Spots. See the fubftantives. 



Solar Syftem, the order and difpofition of the feveral 

 heavenly bodies, which revolve round the fun as the centre 

 of their motion ; vi-z.. the planets, primary and fecondary, 

 and the comets. For a fcheme of the folar fyftem, fee 

 System. 



Solar Year. See Year. 



SOLARl, Andrea, in Biography, a native of Milan, 

 called alfo del Gobbo. Vafari fays he flourifhcd in the time 

 of Correggio ; and praifes him as a pleafing colourilt, and 

 a graceful defigner. He is one of thofe artiils whofe figures 

 of the Virgin, &c. are conilantly fold as Lionardo da Vinci's 

 produftions. He died about 1530. 



SOLAROSA, in Geography, a town of the ifland of 

 Sardinia; 9 miles N.E. of Oriftagni. 



SOLARS, three fmall iflands in the Eaft Indian fea, fub- 

 jeft to the Dutch, furnifhed with every kind of provifions : 

 the middlemoft is faid to have a good harbour for fhipping, 

 fituated to the E. of Ende ifland. 



SOLATRUM, in Botany. See Nightshade. 



SOLCI, in Ancient Geography, a port on the fouthern 

 coalt of the ifle of Sardinia, between Cherfonnefus and Po- 

 pulum. Ptol. 



SOLCK, in Geography, a town of the duchy of Stiria ; 

 16 miles W.N.W. of Oberwoltz. 



SOLDAN. See Sultan. 



SOLDANELLA, in Botany, from folidus, a piece of 

 money, a name given to the Sea Bindweed, (fee Convol- 

 vulus,) and to the plant of which we are about to fpeak, 

 becaufe of the thick orbicular form of their leaves. In like 

 manner Nummularia was named, from nummus, in allufion to 

 its round flat yellow flowers. (See Lysimachia.) — Linn. 

 Gen. 81. Schreb. 106. Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. 808. Mart. 

 Mill. Didt. V. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. i. 310. Juif. 97. 

 Tourn. t. 16. Lamarck lllultr. t. 99. — Clafs and order, 

 Pentandria Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Precix, Linn. Z.v^- 

 mach'tie, Jull. Prhnulacee, Ventenat, Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, in five deep, 

 eredt, lanceolate, permanent fegments. Cor. of one petal, 

 bell-rtiaped, gradually dilated upwards, divided into nume- 

 rous, linear, ilraight fegments. Slam. Filaments five, thread- 

 (haped, very fliort ; anthers fimple, arrow-fhaped, pointed, 

 converging, (hortcr than the corolla. Pijl- Germen fupe- 

 rior, roundifli ; Uyle thread-fliaped, about the length of the 

 corolla, permanent ; lligma obtufe, notched, downy. Perk. 

 Capfule nearly cylindrical, flightly curved, obliquely 

 ftriated, of one cell, opening with five abrupt notched teeth 

 at the fummit. Seeds nuinerous, minute, pointed, attached 

 to a central, columnar, unconncfted receptacle. 



Eil. Ch. Corolla bell-fliaped, in many linear fegments. 

 Anthers beaked. Capfule cylindrical, of one cell, with 

 feveral teeth at the fummit. 



I. S. alpina. Al()ine Soldanella. Linn. Sp. PI. 206. 

 Willd. n. I. Ait. n. i. Curt. Mag. t. 49. Jacq. Auflr. 

 t. 13. Camcr. Epit. 254. (S. alpina, major ct minor; 

 Cluf. Hift. V. I. 308, 309. Ger. Era. 838, 839.)— Na- 



tive of the alps of Auftria and Switzerland, and the Pyre- 

 nean mountains, flowering in fpring. With us it is ufually 

 reckoned a hardy perennial, but fucceeds belt in a pot, (heU 

 tered in a frame in winter. Few, even of its alpine compa- 

 nions, are more Angularly elegant. The root is fibrous. 

 Stem none. Leaves feveral, flalked, fpreading, round, 

 fmooth, convex, nearly or quite entire ; fome what heart- 

 fhaped at the bafe ; paler underneath. Flonuer-Jlalhs feveral, 

 radical, eredl, four or five inches high, fmooth, each bear- 

 ing one, two, or three drooping _^(/«»frj, of a delicate pur- 

 plifh blue, occafionally white, with a x^A calyx, and two or 

 three lanceolate hraSeas at the bafe of the partial ftalks. 

 Capfule near an inch long. Style various in length. 



Soldanella, in Gardening, contains a plant of the low, 

 herbaceous, perennial kind, of which the fpecies cultivated is 

 the alpine foldanella (S. alpina). 



In this fort there is a variety which has all the part* 

 fmaller ; the petiole is ftiorter and more flender, and the 

 leaves are not fo much rounded, but gradually widen from 

 the petiole. 



Method of Culture. — This is increafed by parting the 

 roots in autumn, about September, planting them in pots, 

 or in a cool (hady fituation, where the foil is of a moift 

 loamy kind, being frequently watered when the feafon is 

 dry, and kept from the fun. 



The feeds, foon after they become ripe, may alfo be fown 

 in pots or boxes, filled with the above fort of mould, being 

 placed in the fhade, and frequently watered. The plants 

 rife in the fpring, and in the autumn following fliould be 

 removed into feparate pots, to have the proteftion of a frame 

 in winter. They fucceed belt in a aorthern afpeA. 



Thefe plants afford variety among other potted plants, in 

 different fituations about the houfe. 



SOLDAU, or Dziadorf, in Geography, a town of 

 Pruffia, in the province of Oberland ; 100 miles S. of Ko- 

 nigfberg. N. lat. 53° 2'. E. long. 20^' 4'. 



SOLDER, Sodder, or 6'o(Ar, Termed from the French 

 foudure, of the Latin folidare, to flrengthen : is a metallic 

 compofition, ufed in foldering or joining together other 

 metals. 



For this purpofe, it is required tliat folders melt fooner 

 than the metal to be foldered, that they adhere firmly to its 

 furface, and that they approach as near as may be to the 

 metal foldered in hardnels and colour. 



The different folders are made of gold, filver, copper, tin, 

 bifmuth, and lead ; ufually obferving, that in the compofi- 

 tion there be fome of the metal to be foldered mixed with 

 fome higher and finer metals. 



The lolder for gold is compofcd of fine gold, with one- 

 fourth or one-half its weight of fine filver, accurately mixed 

 together by fufion, and afterwards beat out into leaves, 

 fomewhat thinner than card-paper, and rendered as foft as 

 poffible by annealing. For the method of applying it, fee 

 Soldering. 



Goldfmiths are faid to make four kinds of folder ; viz. 

 folder of eight, where, to fevcn parts of filver, there is one 

 of brafs or copper ; folder of fix, where only a fixth part is 

 copper; folder of four, and folder of three. It is the mix- 

 ture of copper in the folder that makes raifed plate always 

 come cheaper than flat. 



As mixtures of gold with a little copper are found to melt 

 with lefs heat than pure gold itfrlf, tiiefe mixtures lervc as 

 folders for gold ; two pieces of fine gold are foldered by 

 gold that has a fmall .idmixture of copper ; and gold 

 alloyed with copper is foldered by fuch as is allowed with 

 more copper : the workmen add a little filver as well as cop- 

 per, and vary the proportions of the two to one another, fo 



U 



