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SdLDIERS, Puu'i/hment of. Sec Military EXECUTION'. • 



For other particulars relating to foldiers, fee De-seuteR, 

 Royal Hospital, Camp Hospitals, Covv.]:- Martial, 

 Martial Laiv, Mutiny, &c. 



Soldiers, Band of. See Band. 



Soldiers, Frefli-vjater, in Botany, a name given in feveral 

 parts of England to the llratiotes, a dillinft genus of plants, 

 called by Boerhaave aloides. 



SoLDit^R- IVood. See Mimosa. 



Soldier's Gut, in Geography, a cove on the north-eaft 

 coall of the ifland of St. Chridopher. 



SOLDIN, a town of Brandenburg, the capital of a 

 circle, and formerly the capital of the New Mark, fituated 

 on a lake of the fame name, about fix miles long, noted for 

 its lampreys. The town contains about 200 houfes, and 

 two churches, and has feme manufaftures of cloth ; 32 miles 

 N. of Francfort on the Oder. N. lat. 53° 2'. E. long. 



14° 59'- 



SOLDO, in Commerce, a money of account and copper 



coin in Italy. Ferrara keeps accounts in lire of 20 foldi, 

 or 240 denari correnti. The lira alfo contains 2 giuli or 

 paoli ; and the foldo, 6 qnattrini. The fcudo di Cambio 

 IS reckoned at 4. lire, or 80 foldi. At Florence, accounts 

 are kept in fcudo d'oro, ducati, or lire ; each of thefe is 

 divided into 20 foldi, or 240 denari, and diltinguifhed by 

 the names of foldi d'oro, foldi di ducato, foldi di lira ; alfo 

 in paoli of 133- foldi di lira. Accounts of certain fales of 

 goods are likewife kept in Pezze da otto reali, or livornine 

 of 5f lire, which are likewife divided into 20 foldi, or 

 240 denari di Pezza. The copper coins at Florence are 

 foldi, dueti or pieces of quattrini, fingle quattrini, and de- 

 nari or piccioli. At Bologna, accounts are kept in lire of 

 20 foldi ; the foldo, alfo called Bajocco or Bolognino, is 

 divided into 12 denari, or 5 quattrini. At Rome, the 

 fcudo di (lampa d'oro is divided into 20 foldi, or 240 de- 

 nari. The coins at Bologna are of the fame denomination, 

 weight, and value, as thofe at Rome. The bolognini in 

 filver is a fingle foldi ; the copper foldi is its half, and 

 quattrini the fifth part of a foldo. Kelly's Camhift. 



SOLDURH, in Antiquity, a kind of military clients, or 

 retainers to the great men in Gaul, particularly in Aqui- 

 tania, mentioned by Csfar. 



-The foldurii were people that ftiared all the good and ill 

 fortune of their patrons ; to whom, if any difafter happened, 

 they either underwent the very fame, or killed themfelves : 

 and Casfar afTures us, that no one had ever been known to 

 refufe the alternative. Lib. iii. de Bell. Gall. 



Vigenere takes them to have been more than common 

 foldiers ; and even gentlemen in penfion, or appointment. 

 Athenoens calls them <ri/»»~o6»ii(rK<-vTii, q. d. dying together, 

 or with their mailers. 



SOLE, in Geography, a town of Norway ; 6 miles S. 

 of Stavanger. 



Sole, in Ship- Building, a fort of lining, to prevent wearing 

 or tearing away the main part to which it may be attached ; 

 as to the rudder, bilgeways, &c. 



Sole is alfo a name fometimes given to the lower fide 

 of a gun-port, which, however, is more properly called the 

 port-fill. 



Sole of a Horfe, that plate of horn which, encompaffing 

 the tlefliy fole, covers the whole bottom of the foot. The 

 fole ought to be thick and Itrong, and the (hoe of a horfc 

 I'o fet upon the hoof as not to bear upon it, for otherwife 

 the fole would be hurt, and not only make tlie horle lame, 

 but deltroy the flefli that feparates it from the coffin-bone. 

 It has been an abfurd pradlice with fome to take out the 



Vol. XXXin. 



SOL 



fole. It is done without touching the outfide of the hoof, 

 as taking off the crulf makes a hcofcnfi. And a horfe thai 

 has been unfoled, it is faid, will recover in a few weeks. 

 But this cullom of draining horfes' foles, in order to 

 relieve the inflammation of the part, and to promote a 

 free perfpiration, is not in the leaft beneficial, as it leaves 

 luch a weaknefs and tendernefs behind, that the poor crea- 

 tures molUy ever afterwards labour under an incurable larae- 

 ncfs. And La FofTe, though he has recommended the prac- 

 tice, has not produced a fingle inllance of its fuccels. In 

 lieu, tlierefore, of tearing the fole up by the roots, Mr. 

 Wood advifes the foUowiHg method ; in the firft place, to 

 take off from the tenfion of the veffels and leffen the inflam- 

 mation, to draw away blood at the toe and above the hoof ; 

 after which, a poultice, compofed as below, may be applied. 

 This confifls of linieed boiled m water to a pulp, then add- 

 ing guofe-greafe, tar, and cow-dung to it ; boihng them all 

 together to the proper coiifillence. 



The compofition may be put to the foot, and all round 

 tlie hoof ; and a cold charge applied above the coronet. 

 Where there is no great inflammation, the addition of a little 

 foap to the poultice, may affill much in removing any co- 

 agulation of blood in that quarter. 



When the foot is fliaped like the back part of an oyfter- 

 fhell, and the fole higher than the hoof, fo that the whole 

 foot is quite filled up on the lower part, it is called a 

 crowned fole. 



Sole Corporation. See Corporation. 

 SOLEA, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the depart- 

 ment of Panaro ; 8 miles N. of Modena. 



Solea, or Soli, a town of the ifland of Cyprus, for- 

 merly the fee of a bifliop, and in more ancient times called 

 " Epea ;" 30 miles N.N.E. of Baffa. 



Solea, in Ichthyology, the folefifh, a well-known fiflj, and 

 much eileemed at table. See Soal. 



SOLE-ffi, among the Romans, were a kindof fandals or 

 flippers, which covered only the fole of the feet, and were 

 bound on with thongs of leather ; inftead of which the wo- 

 men, and effeminate perfons of the other fex, tied them on 

 with purple-coloured ribbands, or fuch as were varioufly 

 adorned with gold and filver. 



SOLE BAY, in Geography. See South WOLD. 

 SOLEBURY, a townfliip of Pennfylvania, in the county 

 of Bucks, containing 1669 inhabitants ; 30 miles N. of Phi- 

 ladelphia. 



SOLECISM, Soloecismus, in Grammar, a grofs impro- 

 priety in fpeech, contrary to the ufe of language, and the 

 rules of grammar, either in refpeft of declenfion, conjugation, 

 or fyntax. See Purity. 



The word is Greek, o-f/Xoiman'S^, derived from the Soli, a 

 people of Attica, who, being tranfplanted to Ciiicia, loft 

 the purity of their ancient tongue, and became ridiculout 

 to the Athenians for their improprieties in it. 



An adlor on the Roman theatre having made a falfe gcf- 

 ture, the audience immediately cried out, he had committed 

 a folecifm with his hand. 



Cicero, ad Hcrcnn. lib. iv. cap. 12. diftinj^uiflies in the 

 following manner between barbarifm and folecifm. " La- 

 tinitas clt qux fennonem purum confcrvat, ab omni vilio 

 rcmotum. V^itia in lerinone, quominus is latinus fit, duo 

 pollunt efl'e ; folctifnuis et barbarifmus. Solecifmus eft, 

 cum verbis pluriniis confequens vtrbum fuperiori non ac- 

 comniodatur. Barbarifmus eft, cum vcrbum aliquod vitiofe 

 eflertur." 



Solecifm is accounted by grammarians a much greater 



fault than barbarifm, (fee Purity,) as it difplays a greater 



Q q ignorance 



