SOL 



SOL 



knotty, fmooth, oppofite branches. Leaves oppofite, 

 Italked, elliptical, pointed, entire, veiny, fmooth, about 

 foBr inches long, each pair crofling the next. Stipulas in 

 pairs between the footllalks, broad at the bafe, taper- 

 pointed. Floiucrs about fix, in a terminal corymb, white, 

 drooping, (lender, the tube of each about four inches long. 

 Fruit yellow, fucculent, fweet, and plcafant, the fize of a 

 guinea-hen's egg ; the pulp red. 



SoLENA is alfo the name of a genus, of the order of 

 Cucurbitacea, in Loureiro's Fl. Cochinch. 514, which he 

 thus denominates on account of the filaments forming a fort 

 of fiieath. The only fpecies is S. hclerophylla, a native of 

 woods in China and Cochinchina, with which we are un- 

 acquainted, but which feems nearly related to Bryonia ; only 

 the Jlnmcns are monadelphous, and in the fame flower with 

 the pyiil. The for/i-j are fcarlet. iJoo/ tuberous, of many 

 white, oblong, farinaceous knobs, eatable, and, according 

 to the author we follow, ufeful in confumptions and dyfen- 

 terie-:, as well as the feeds. 



SOLENANDRIA, fo called by Ventenat, in his Jardin 

 de la Malmailon, from (7iiAr:i, a tube, becaufe of the union 

 of the Itamens. See Galas. 



SOLENHOFEN, in Geography, a town of Germany, 

 in the principality of Anfpach; 29 miles S. of Anfpach. 



SOLENIA, in Botany, a third generic name, (fee So- 

 tENA and SoLENANDRiA,) derived from auiXm, a tube, or 

 pipe, is ufed in Hoffmann's Flora Germanica, v. 2. t. 8, for 

 a minute genus of Fungi, whofe tubular form it exprelles. 

 The fpecies compofing this fuppofed genus are, however, 

 funk in Pezi%a, by Perfoon in his Synnpfis Fungorum, 675, 

 of which they conllitute the feventh ledlion, being in all 

 four fpecies. See Peziza. 



SOLENOE, in Geography, a town of Ruffia, in the 

 government of Kolivan ; 104 miles S. of Kolivan. N. lat. 

 52° 45'. E. long. 80° 54'. 



SOLENOV, a lake of Ruffia, 60 miles long and 20 

 broad, with two iflands, between lake Aral and the Caf- 

 pian fea. N. lat. 43° 50' to 44° 50'. E. long. 56° 14'. 



SOLES, in Ancient Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 Cilicia, on the fea-coaft, afterwards called Pompeiopolis. 

 — Alio, a town of the ifland of Cyprus, in which was a 

 temple of Venus. See Soi.ot. 



SOLESMES, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of tiie North, and chief place of a canton, in 

 the dillridt of Cambray ; 9 miles E.N.E. of Cambray. 

 The town contains 3849, and the canton 16,419 inhabitants, 

 on a territory of 140 kilioinetres, in 17 communes. — AHo, 

 a town of France, in tlie department of the Sarte ; ^ miles 

 N. of Sable. 



SOLE-TENANT, in Laiv, he or fhe who holds lands 

 only in his or her own right, without any other perfon 

 joined. 



E. gr. If a man and his wife hold lands for their lives, 

 the remainder to tjieir fon : here, the man dying, the lord 

 fhall not have heriof, becaufe he dies not Ible-tcnant. 



SOLEURE, in Geography, a canton of Switzerland, 

 holding the eleventh rank in the Helvetic confederacy, 

 ftretchfs partly througli tiie plain, and partly along the 

 chains of the Jura, and contains about i;o,000 fouls, in- 

 cluding the inliabitants of the capital. The foil is, for the 

 molt part, fertile in corn ; and thofe dillrifts which lie 

 witliin tlie Jura abound in excellent pal'tures. The trade 

 both of the town and canton is of httlc value, altliough the 

 fituation is commodious for an extenfive commerce. It is 

 divided into eleven dillrifts or baiUiages, called interior and 

 exterior ; the former are governed by bailifs, who are leiia- 

 tors, and remain in the towns ; the latter by baihfs leleftcd 



from the members of the great council, who refide in their 

 baiUiages. The inhabitants of the canton are Catholics, 

 excepting thofe in the baiUiage of Buckegberg, who pro- 

 fefs the reformed religion. In fpiritual offices, the Catholics 

 depend on three biihops ; but neither of thefe bifhops can 

 iflue any ordinance, or even vifit their diocefes, without 

 the approbation of the fenate. In this canton are two 

 chapters ; alfo an abbey of Benediftines, four convents, 

 and three nunneries. Its principal charitable inftitutions 

 are, an hofpital at Soleure, and another at Olten, for the 

 reception of burghers, fubjefts, and foreigners ; the found- 

 ation of Thurigan, for old perfons of both fexes belong. 

 ing to the burgherdup ; a foundling hofpital for orphans, 

 and for children of poor burghers ; and the hofpital of 

 St. Catharine, for the infane and incurables. In ecclefiaf- 

 tical affairs, the inhabitants of Buckegberg, who profefs 

 the reformed religion, though fubjeft to Soleure, are under 

 the proteftion of Bern : and though formerly this compli- 

 cation of political and religious interefts created frequent 

 mifunderltandings between the two cantons, yet matters 

 were amicably and finally adjufted on the i8th of Novem- 

 ber, 161 8, at the treaty of Winingen. The inhabitants 

 take the oath of fidelity, every third year, to the govern- 

 ment of Soleure ; but if aggrieved in their religious elt^- 

 blifhment, can have recourfe to Bern. The fenate of Bern 

 nominates to the vacant benefices, but the priefts are under 

 the neceility of obtaining the confirmation of the chapter 

 of Soleure. Bern alfo pofTelies fupreme jurifdidlion in cri- 

 minal affairs. Soleure enjoys all the other rights of fove- 

 reignty ; fuch as the power of levying taxes, appeals in the 

 laft refort, and the decifion of all matrimonial and ecclefiafti- 

 cal concerns, with this provilo, that the decifion fhall be 

 regulated according to the articles of the treaty of Winin- 

 gen. With refpect to the militia, all the males, from the 

 age of 15 to 60, are formed into fix regiments, confilfing 

 of about 8000 men, exclufive of 240 dragoons, and the 

 corps of artillery, amounting to 600. The colonel of each 

 regiment is always a fenator, and the major a member, of 

 the great council. The fovereign power refides in the 

 great council, confilling of 102 members, chofen by the 

 fenate, in equal proportion, from the eleven tribes or 

 companies into which the ancient burghers are diftributed. 

 The prerogatives of the great council are to enadt and 

 abrogate laws ; to explain oblcure parts of the conftitution, 

 and make alterations in the form of government ; to levy 

 taxes, declare war, and conclude peace ; to contract alli- 

 ances, receive appeals in criminal cafes from the burghers of 

 the capital, and in civil procellcs above the ium of two 

 Swifs livres, or 61. ^s. ; to confer the new burgherfhip, 

 eleft the treafurer, or fourth chief of the republic, from 

 the ancient eleven fcnators, nominate to the feveii exterior 

 baiUiages, &c. &c. To be qualified for admiflion into the 

 great council, the candidate mufl be twenty years of age, 

 an ancient burgher, and a member of the fame tribe in 

 which the vacancy happens. The great council affemblcs 

 ordinarily once every month ; and extraordinarily, when 

 convened by the fenate. 



The fenate, or little council, a conftitucnt part of the great 

 council, is compofed of the two advoyers or chiefs of the 

 public, who annually alternate ; the chancellor, or fecretary 

 of flatc, who has no vote; and 33 fenators, drawn from the 

 remaining 61 members of the great council, divided into 1 1 

 feniors and 22 juniors. Tiie fenate examines and digefls all 

 affairs, before they are fubmitted to the great council; isen- 

 trulled with the executive power, and care of the police ; re- 

 ceives all appeals in the firfl inltance from the inferior courts 

 of juilice ; gives judgment in all civil proccdes, not exceeding 



the 



