SON 



SON 



ftylf, and the language of fcripture, all good men, and all 

 people who are in a covenant relation to God, are his fons, 

 and as fuch entitled to many privileges and blefTings ; bu^ 

 Jefus, as the Meffiah, is " the Son of God," by way of 

 eminence and diftinftion, and has in all things the pre- 

 eminence. Accordingly, the Chrift, or the Mefliah, and 

 the " Son of God," are equivai^ jt in the New Teftament. 

 (Matt. xvi. 1 6. John, vi. 69. Mark, viii. 19. Luke, 

 ix. 20. ) And that, in the language of the Jews, the titles 

 of Meffiah ad Son of God are the fame, may be feen in 

 Matt. xxvi. 63. and Luke, xxii. 66. 70. John, i. ^4 — 49. 



2. Several creatures are alfo called " fons of God," not 

 as being fo by nature and generation, but on divers other 

 accounts. Thus, the angels are called fons of God by 

 Job, in refpeft to their creation, adoption, &c. And 

 great men are called fons of God in the Pfalms, as being his 

 lieutenants, or the depofitories of his authority. Good 

 men, and particularly the eminently pious, as we have 

 clearly (hewn, are alfo called fons of God, in various places 

 of the facred writings. 



Son of Man, is frequently ufed, in fcripture, to fignify 

 man ; as expreffing not only the nature of man, but his 

 frailty. 



The expreffion is very iifaal among the Hebrews and 

 Chaldeans : Daniel, Ezekiel, and Jefus Chrilt, are par- 

 ticularly thus called ; the firll once, and the two latter fre- 

 quently. 



Some think, that the " fon of man," when ufed by our 

 Saviour, denotes his high dignity, or a man of diftinftion 

 and eminence, and is equivalent to Meffiah, or the Chrift ; 

 and he thus intends to fignify, that he is the great perf<in 

 fpoken of by the prophets, who was to come for the benefit 

 of mankind. (See Dan. vii. 13, 14. Matt. xxvi. 63, 64. 

 Mark, xiv. 61, 62.) Againll this fenfe Dr. Lardner has 

 fuggefted fome exceptions : and he obferves, that man, and 

 fon of man, with the Hebrews, often denote a man of low 

 condition. fPf. xlix. i, 2. Pf. cxliv. 3.) Our Lord, 

 therefore, by this phrafe or charafter, might reprefent that 

 humbling of himfelf, which is fpoken of by the apoftle in 

 the fecond chapter to the Philippians, and is the lame with 

 what is faid in If. liii. 3. " he is dcfpifed, and rejefted of 

 men," or is one of the lowelt and meaneft of men. Our 

 Lord adopts this charafter in fpeaking of himfelf, in order 

 to undeceive the Jews, and correft their falfc opinion con- 

 cerning the kingdom of the Meffiah ; and to intimate, that 

 he was not to arrive at glory, and the lull poileffion of his 

 kingdom, but tiirough iufferings and humiliations. If fon 

 of man, then, be equivalent to Meffiah, it is not ufed, as 

 our author conceives, to denote his dignity, as the firft and 

 greateit of men, but rather to fignify his humble form and 

 low condition, in which he then lived ; and is expreffive of 

 the fcorn and contempt which were caft upon him, and in 

 which he acquicfced. 



Dr. Lardner further intimates, agreeably to his own 

 opinion of the perfon of Chrilt, that he frequently makes 

 ufe of this expreffion to denote his real humanity, and 

 alfo that he was not made and created as Adam, but 

 was a man born even of a woman. He adds alfo, that 

 our Lord might afiume this charafter as a modeft way of 

 fpeaking. Eminent and diltinguifticd perfons, who have 

 many occafions to fpeak of thcmiclves, efpecially if it be to 

 their advantage, decline the too frequent ufe of the phrafes 

 /and me, and choofe to fpeak in the third perfon, as of 

 another, diftmft from themfclves. Works, vol. x. 



Sometimes the phrafe fon of man is alfo ufed for the 

 wicked and reprobate ; in contradiftmftion to thoic called 

 fons of God. 



Son, Fr., a muCcal found. 

 Son Fondamental. See Fundamental. 

 Son Fix, Fr., a fixed and unalterable found. To ac- 

 quire fuch a found, we muft be certain that it will be the 

 fame at all times, and in all places. To be lure of this, 

 it is not fufficient to have a pipe of a certain length or 

 diameter in the fixed placp ; for though the pipe may always 

 remain in the fame itate, the weight of the air will not al- 

 ways remain the fame : the found will become more grave 

 or acute, as the air becomes more denfe or rarefied. For 

 the fame reafon, the found of the fame pipe will change with 

 the column of the atmofphere, in proportion as this pipe 

 Ihall be carried high or low, in the mountains or in the 

 villages. 



Secondly, this fame pipe, of whatever materials it is 

 made, will be fubjeft to the variations which heat and cold 

 occafion in all bodies. A pipe or ftring, if of metal, will 

 lengthen or fhorten ; and its tone will be higher or lower, 

 in proportion. If the pipe be of wood, it will fwcll or 

 ffirink, expand or contraft ; and from thefe caufes com- 

 bined, arifes the difficulty of acquiring a fixed tone, and 

 almoil the impoffibility of being fure of the fame found in 

 two places at the fame time, or twice in the fame place. 



Son, or Sun-Plant, the crotalana juncea of Linnsus, in 

 Botany, is cultivated in every part of Hmdooftan with great 

 affiduity, and applied to various ufes. The feeds reduced 

 to powder, and mixed with oil, form a kind of unguent, 

 which the black ladies apply to their hair, in order to make 

 it grow. The bark of this plant furniflies all kinds of rope, 

 packing-cloths, nets, &c. ; and from thefe, when old, mod 

 of the paper in that country is prepared. For this purpofe 

 they cut them into fmall pieces, macerate them in water for 

 about five days, wafh them in water, and then throw them 

 into a vefl'el of water ftrongly impregnated with a lixivium 

 compoled of fix parts of fedgi mutti, which is an earth con- 

 taining a large portion of foffile alkali, and fuppofed to be 

 the natron of the ancients, and feven parts of quick-lime. 

 Here they remain eight or ten days, when they are again 

 wafhed, broken into fibres by a damping lever, and then 

 expofcd to the fun, and again lleepcd in a irefh lixivium, as 

 before. When they have undergone three operations of 

 this kind, they are fit tor making coarfe brown paper ; and 

 after feven or eight operations, they are prepared for making 

 paper of a tolerable whitenefs. For a farther account of 

 the procef', fee Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixiv. p. loi, where it is 

 minutely defcribed and illiiftrated by figures. 



SONABARYA, in Geography, a town of Bengal ; 38 

 miles N.E. of Calcutta. 



SONAH, a town of Hindooftan, in Bengal; Smiles 

 S.S.E of Ghidore. 



SONAN SuNDI, a town of Congo; 10 miles W. of 

 Cundi. 



SONx\PURRA, a town of Hindooitan, in Bengal ; 

 26 miles E.S.E. of Kiflicnagur. 



SONATA, Ital. from fuonare, to found, or play on an 

 iiillrument. Its ufe at prefent, in Mufic, is confined to 

 folos for a fingle inilrument : as Corelli's folos for the 

 violin. Martini's folos for the German flute ; and trios, or 

 compofitions in three parts, for two violins and a bate, &c. 

 But which, in the body of thefe works, are all called 

 fonatas. 



In tlic laft and 17th century, the Italians had diftinft 

 fonatas of two kinds: 7^i fonatc da chief u fonatas lur the 

 church ; jndfjnate da camera, foiiata;- for the thambir, or 

 private concerts, of a lighter kind. The firft and third fet 

 of Corelli's fonatas are of the former kind, and the fecond 

 and fourth of the latter. To the firit »i>d third fet of Co- 



10 rcUi'i 



