SONCHUS. 



Uiangular ovate lobes. Brought by Mr. MafTon from the 

 Canary idands, in 1780. It flowers in the greenhoufe in 

 July, y^iton. 



9. S. taraxncifolius. Dandelion-leaved Sow-thiille. 

 Willd. n. 8. — Flower-ftalks fcaly, panicled. I.,eave<; run- 

 cinate, with callous teeth ; tapering at the bafe. — Native 

 of Guinea. Stem as thick as a gonfe-quill, fpongy. Leaves 

 rather crowded, fmooth, like Dandelion, but the tips of 

 their teeth are white ; the upper ones lanceolate, fcarcely 

 divided, thout^h minutely toothed ; the uppennoft of all 

 linear and entire. Common Jloiver-Jialh fix inches, or more, 

 in length, furniflied with a few leaves, and dividing into a 

 panicle at the top ; partial ones very (hort, fcaly, crowded 

 at the terminations of the panicle. Calyx like the Garden 

 Lettuce. r/iUdeao'w. 



10. S. palujlris. -Tall Marih Sow-thi(lle. Linn. Sp. 

 ■Pl. 1 1 16. Willd. n. 9. Fl. Brit. n. 2. Engl. Bot, 

 't. 935. Curt. Lond. fafc. 5. t. 59. Fl. Dan. t. 606. 



(S. IsEvior auftriacus quintus altiflimus ; Cluf. HiiL v. 2. 

 147. S. arborefcens alter; Ger. Em. 294.) — Flower- 

 ftalks fomewhat ambellate, briltly like the calyx. Leaves 

 runcinate ; arrow-fiiaped at the bafe ; rough in the margin. 

 — In low mardie^, efpecially about the mouths of great 

 rivers, in Holland, France, England, &c. as well as in 

 Greece, flowering in .July and Augufl. It occurs in 

 feveral places bordcrinpj on the Thames, below London, as 

 ■well as in the ide of Ely. The root is perennial, flefliy, 

 branched, but not creeping. Stems herbaceous, from fix 

 to eight feet high, leafy, angular, hollow, but little 

 branched. Lea-jes runcinate, acute, fmooth, finely toothed, 

 not rounded, but acutely arrow-fliaped, at the bafe. Pa- 

 nicle umbellate or cymofc, of feveral yellow_/?«u'crj-, whofe 

 calyx, as well as the JJowerJlnlks, is rough with denle, 

 black, glandular hairs. Haller confounded this with the 

 following, but Curtis has well dillinguifhed them. 



TI. S. arvenjis. Corn Sow-thilUe. Linn. Sp. PI. 1116. 

 Willd. n. 10; (excluding the reference to Fl. Dan.) Fl. 

 Brit. n. 3. Engl. Bot. t. 674 Curt. Lond. fafc. 4. 

 t. 53. Purfli n. 1. (S. arborefcens; Ger. Em. 294. 

 Hieracium majus ; Fuchf. Hilt. 319.) — Flower-ftalks 

 fomewhat umbellate, briltlv like the calyx. Leaves runci- 

 nate, finely toothed ; heart-fliaped at the bafe. Root creep- 

 ing. — In fields and about hedges, on a clay foil, in the 

 middle or fouthern parts of Europe, as well as in Penn- 

 fylvania ; frequent in England, efpccially towards the fea, 

 flowering in Augu'l. The root is flefliy and milky, run- 

 ning deep into the (Ground, and difficult of extirpation. 

 Stem but tlyee or four feet high, nearly fimple. Leaves 

 rounded at the bafe. Flowers largtr than in the lall, and 

 of a fuller golden hue, externally reddifh ; the tubes of 

 their florets hairy. Dr. Sibtliorp thought this the o-oy;^o; 

 ilifoi of Diofcorides. 



12. S. agrejlis. Weft Indian .Sow-tliiftle. Swartz. 

 Prodr. no. Ind. Occ. 1289. Willd. n. 11. (S. Ixvis ; 

 Sloane .Tarn. v. i. 255.) — Flower-ftalks downy, many- 

 flowered. Calyx fmooth. Stem ftriated. I..eaves fcflile, 

 deeply ferratcd or en'. — Native of cultivated ground in the 

 Weft Indies, along with S. oleraceus. Root annual. Stem 

 two or three feet hit!;h, leafy, round, deeply ftriated, downy. 

 Lower leaves fcarcely divided. Floiucrs terminal and axil- 

 lary, yellowifli-white. Calyx elongated, fometimes flightly 

 Jjubefcent, but little tumid at the bafe, lu which this fpecies 

 differs from the oleraceus, as well as in the remarkable Hiort- 

 ncfs of itsjlorets, which have not the appearance of being 

 ligulate, but tubular. Seeds long, ftriated. Svjarlz. 



13. S. lacenis. Jagged-leaved Sfsw-thiftle. Willd. 

 Vol. XXXIII. 



n. 12. — " Flower-ftalks umbellate, rather downy. Calyx 

 fmooth. Leaves pinnatifid, toothed ; auricled and heart- 

 fliaped at the bafe." — Native country unknown. Root 

 annual. Stem two feet high, or more. Leaves witk lanceo- 

 late, angular-toothed fegments ; their bafe dilated, clafpmg 

 the ftem, and coarfely toothed. Floiuer-Jlalks branched. 

 Flowers the fize of S. oleraceus. IVilldenow. We have a 

 mutilated fpccimen gathered by Tliunberg at the Cape of 

 Good Hope, which, as far as any judgment can be formed 

 of it, anfwcrs to the above defcription ; but it is very like 

 the prickly varieties of the common oleraceus, 



14. S. angujl'if alius. Narrow-leaved Sosv-thiftle. Def- 

 font. Atlant. v. 2. 225. Willd, n. 13. — " I..eaves pin- 

 nate, glaucous, fmooth ; leaflets dittant, linear, finely 

 toothed. Stem fcarcely any." — Gathered near Cafsa, in 

 Barbary, by Dcsfontaines. Root perennial, long, fpindle- 

 fliaped. Stem very fliort, or none. Leaves from four to 

 cisjht inches long ; their teeth withered and whitilh. Flower' 



Jlalks nightly fcaly, bearing one or more ycWaw Jlowers, the 

 fize of S. arvenfis. Calyx fmooth, ovate. Dtsfont. 



15. S. umbellifer. Umbelliferous Cape Sow-thiftle. 

 Thunb. Prodr. 139. Willd. n. 14. — "Flower-ftalks 

 hifpid, fomewhat umbellate. Leaves oblong-heart-fliaped, 

 ferrated." — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. 



16. S. glaber. Smooth Cape Sow-thiftle. Thunb. 

 Prodr. 139. Willd. n. 15. — "Flower-ftalks umbellate, 

 fmooth like the calyx. Leaves heart-fliaped, runcinate." 

 — Native of the fame country. 



17. S. goraenfis. Scaly Goree Sow-thiftle. Lamarck 

 Did. V. 3. 397. Willd. n. 16. — " Flower-ftalks lateral, 

 fliort, clothed with membranous fcales. Leaves lyrate, 

 with little fpinous teeth." — Native of the ifland of Goree, 

 on the weft coaft of Africa. Sparrmann fcnt feeds to the 

 Paris garden. The root is annual. Stem a foot high, 

 round, fmooth, with lax branches. Leaves diltant, clafp- 

 ing the ftem, fcarcely more than two inches long, and one 

 broad, fmooth, green, fomewhat runcinate. Flowers yel- 

 low, almoft feflile along the branches. Calyx nearly cylin- 

 drical. Flower-Jlalks fmooth, their fcales witii white mem- 

 branous edges. Lamarck. 



18. S. oleraceus. Common Sow-thiftle. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1 1 16. Willd. n. 17. Fl. Brit. n. 4. Engl. Bot. t. 843. 

 Curt. Lond. fafc. 2.1.58. (S. Insvis ; Ger. Em. 292. 

 Camer. Epit. 279. Matth. Valgr. v. i. 452.) 



S. S. oleraceus; Fl. Dan. t. 682. (S. Ixvis latifolius ; 

 Ger. Em. 292.) 



y. S. afperior ; Ger. Em. 29 1. 



i. S. afper ; ibid. 



E. S. fubrotundo folio noftras ; Pluk. Phyt. t. 61. f. 5. 



^. S. aphyllocaulis, angullo et oblongo folio, nollras ; 

 Pluk. Phyt. t. 62. f. 4. Seealfo t. 61. t. 5. 



Flower-ftalks downy, imperfeftly umbellate. Calyx 

 fmooth. Leaves runcinate, toothed. — A common weed in 

 cultivated land throughout Europe, as well as in otlier part* 

 of the world to which Europeans have h.id accefs, flowering 

 in fummcr and autumn. Tlie root is annual, fpindle-fluiped. 

 Herbage fmooth, brittle, milky, very various with rcfpcttt 

 to luxuriance, and the quantity of teeth, lobes, or prickloa 

 about the edges of its leaves ; their fegments, however, arc 

 almoft always acute and runcinate. Flower-Jlalks axillary 

 and terminal, rather cymofe than umbellate, clothed when 

 young with foft, white, denfe, cobweb-like, decidiioin 

 down. Corolla lemon-coloured. Seeds angular, with cre- 

 nate ribs. 



19. S. lenerrimus. Clammy Sow-thiftle. Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1117. Willd. n. 18. Ait. n. 8. Sm, Fl. Grxc Sibth. 



X X t. 790, 



