SONCHUS. 



t. 790, unpublifhed. Tour on the Continent, v. 2. 31J. — 

 (Hieracium foliis in tenues lacinias profunde feftis, flore 

 luteorPluk. Phyt. t. 93. f. 3. ChondriUa lutea ; Bauh. 

 Hift. V. 2. 1020.)— Flower-ltalks downy, fomewhat um- 

 bellate. Calyx hairy. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, with pa- 

 rallel, oblong, toothed, blimtith legments ; their bafe fome- 

 what arrow-(haped.— Native of rocks and old walls, in 

 Italy, Barbary, Crete, and Cyprus, as well as the fouth of 

 France, flowering in fpring. At Rome and Florence it is 

 eaten in fallads, being of a more delicate, lefs bitter, flavour 

 than S. oleraceus, from which it is alfo readily known, by 

 the almoft peainate lobes of its leaves, hairy vifcid calyx, 

 and a much more elegant and flender afpeft in the whole 

 plant. The root is annual. 



20. S. dotidrilloides. Scaly Sow-thiftle. Desfont. 

 Atlant. V. 2. 226. Willd. n. 19. Sm. Fl. Graec. Sibth. 

 t. 791, unpubliflied. (ChondriUa ficula tragopogonoides 

 maritima; Bocc. Sic. 13. t. 7. f. i.)— Flower-ftalks 

 elongated, fcaly, fmgle-flowered, fomewhat corymbofe. 

 Calyx fmooth ; its outer fcales heart-fhaped. Radical 

 leaves deeply pinnatifid, toothed : thofe of the ftem oblong, 

 toothed ; heart-fliaped at the bafe. — Native of fandy ground, 

 in Barbary, Sicily, and Zante. Root perennial. Herb 

 fmooth, fomewhat glaucous, with more radical, and fewer 

 ftem-leaves, than the latt. Flowers large, yellow. Outer 

 fcales of the calyx, like thofe fcattered over Xhcfower-Jlalls, 

 heart-lhaped, pointed, with a broad, white, membranous 

 border. 



21. S. hifpanicus. Spanifh Sow-thiftle. Jacq. Hort. 

 Schoenbr. v. 2. 9. t. 143. Willd. n. 20. — Flower-ftalks 

 fcaly, fwelling upward, fomewhat corymbofe. Calyx- 

 fcales recurved. Leaves pinnatifid, toothed, clafping the 

 ftem, glaucous, with white downy dots. Fou«d near Ma- 

 laga, in Spain. An annual, milky herb, flowering from 

 June to Auguft. Jacquin. Stem a foot high, branching 

 from the bafe, fpreading, glaucous, and covered, like both 

 fides of the leaves, with white dots, which prove, under a 

 magnifier, tufts of down. Floiuers fmaller than the laft, 

 and more like the following, efpecially in their dark-purple 

 central tint ; but differing from both in the recurved points 

 of their calyx-fcales, whofe white membranous margins, 

 moreover, are crifped, or undulated. 



22. S. tingitnnus. Tangier Sow-thiftle. Lamarck 

 Dia. v. 3. 397. Willd; n. 21. Sm. Fl. Grace. Sibth. 

 t. 792, unpubliflied. (S. tingitanus, papaveris folio ; 

 Tourn. Inlt. 475. Scorzonera tingitana ; Linn. Sp. PI. 

 1 114. Curt, Mag. t. 142. S. orientalis ; Linn. Sp. PI. 

 II 13. Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. 1507. ChondriUa tingitana, 

 floribus liiteis, papaveris horteiifis folio ; Herra. Lugd- 

 Bat. 657. t. 659.) — Flower-ftalks fwelling upward, flightly 

 fcaly. Calyx-fcales erea, with membranous edges. Leaves 

 pinnatifid, toothed, clafping the Item, glaucous, fmooth. — 

 Native of maritime rocks in Barbary and the Levant. Said 

 to have been cultivated at Chelfea above 100 years ago, 

 but it had long been loft, and its feeds were brought, by the 

 writer of this, from Paris, to the garden of his worthy 

 friend Dr. Gwyn of Ipfwich, in 1787. The plant is an- 

 nual, flowering in autumn, and its glaucous leaves, finely 

 contrafted with the golden, purple-eyed Jioiuers, make a 

 ftriking appearance. The purple-tipped white-edged fcales 

 of the calyx alfo contribute to the beauty and Angularity of 

 the whole. That this plant is a Sonchus, not a Scorzunera, 

 is evident to all who look at \x.5 fced-doivn, and the Linnaean 

 herbarium proves Scorzonera orientalis, gathered by Haflel- 

 quift, to be the very fame fpecies. 



23. S. picreides. Various-leaved Sow-thiftle. Lamarck 



Dia. V. 3. 398. Willd. n. 21. AUion. Pedem. v. i. izj- 

 t. 16. f. I. Sm. Fl. Grzc. Sibtli. t. 793, unpubhfhed- 

 (Scorzonera picroides ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1 1 14. Crepis Dale- 

 champii ; Dalech. Hift. 562.) — Flower-ftalks fwelUng up- 

 ward, fcaly. Calyx-fcales clofe-prefl'ed, with (lightly mem- 

 branous edges. Leaves toothed ; radical ones fomewhat 

 lyrate ; the reft clafping the ftem, obovate-oblong ; upper- 

 moft linear, nearly entire. Native of the fouth of France, 

 Barbary, Greece, Cyprus, and the Archipelago ; fent by 

 M. Richard to Kew, in 1773. ^^ '^ ^ hardy annual, 

 flowering in fummer. The herb is fmooth, rather glaucoub, 

 varying much in luxuriance, and the leaves of the fame plant 

 differ greatly in Ihape. The radical ones are runcinatc and 

 lyrate ; being rarely obovate, and merely bordered with 

 fmall teeth, like the reft. Floivers of an uniform yellow, 

 above an inch broad, folitary, on a flightly fcaly elongated 

 ftalk, at the end of each branch. The fcales of the ftalks, 

 like the outer ones of the calyx, are heart-fliaped, pointed, 

 fmall, clofe and flat, with a narrow white edge. Although 

 Plukenet's t. 61. f. 5, cited by Linnxus and Willdenow, 

 bears fome refemblance to the leaves of the fpecies before 

 us, yet that, being of Englifli growth, can hardly be any 

 thing elfe than a variety of S. oleraceus, to which we have 

 often feen near approaches in that variable plant ; fee 

 n. 18, ^ 



24. S. crepioldes. Hawk weed Sow-thiftle. (Scorzo- 

 nera crepioides ; Poiret in Lam. Dia. v. 7. 25.) — Flower- 

 ftalks naked, fomewhat panicled. Stem much branched, 

 rather downy as well as the calyx, whofe outer fcales are 

 oval. — Gathered by M. Poiret, on the coafts of Barbary. 

 His defcription of the fine, filky, fimple feed-down, and 

 naked receptacle, induces us to refer the plant to Sonchus. 

 He defcribes it as having the afpea of Crepts biennis ; but 

 he knew not its leaves, nor the lower part of its herbage. 

 Each divifion of the Jiem has, at its bafe, a little, clafping, 

 linear-lanceolate, pointed, downy leaf. Flowers of a mid- 

 dle fize, yellow. Calyx oval, clofe ; its inner fcales long, 

 narrow, downy, or farinaceous ; outer vei-y fliort and oval. 



25. S. dlchotomus. Forked Sow-thiftle. Willd. n. 23. 

 (Scorzonera dichotoma ; Vabl. Symb. v. 2. 89. Desfont. 

 Atlant. V. 2. 450. Laauca flava ; Forfli. iEgypt-Arab. 

 143.) — " Flower-ftalks fcaly, of equal thicknefs through- 

 out. Stem forked, almoft leaflefs. Radical leaves run- 

 cinate." — Gathered by Forflcall in the vale of Surdud, in 

 Arabia Felix, and by Vahl in the kingdom of Tunis. The 

 herbage is fmooth. Stems divided from the bafe into rigid 

 forked branches, bearing in their lower part two lyrate 

 leaves, like the radical ones, but otherwife only fmall, lan- 

 ceolate, or ovate, entire ones under each fubdivifion. 

 Fleiuers terminal, folitary, yellow. Calyx very fmooth ; 

 its outer fcales ovate, loofe, with broad white edges. 



26. S. Plumlerl. Pyrenean Blue Sow-thiftle. Linn. 

 Sp. PI. I II 7. Willd. n. 24. Ait. n. 11. — Flower-ftalks 

 panicled, fmooth, with clafping, long-pointed braaeas. 

 Leaves pinnatifid, pointed, runcinate — Native of the Py- 

 renees. It is alfo found, though rarely, on the Alps of 

 Switzerland, having been obferved by M. Favrod, on the 

 mountain called Deut de Jamare, and above Quveifimen, in 

 Teufelsgraben. We have feen this fine plant in fome curious 

 gardens, but cannot find it any where figured. The root is 

 perennial. Stem often as tall as a man, round, branched, 

 itriated, leafy, fmooth and glaucous like every other part of 

 the herbage. Leaves one or two feet long, deeply pinnatifid, 

 with numerous, pointed, oppofite, parallel, fliarp-toothed 

 fegments, and a terminal, pointed, triangular lobe ; their 

 bafe dilated, clafping the ftem ; under fide moft glaucou*. 



Flowers 



