SON 



SON 



oharafter, apply themfelves merely to attain their fl<ill, and 

 follow their opinions in matters of legal praftice. 



The firH of thefe orthodox fefts is that of the " Hane- 

 fites," fo named from their founder, Abu Hanifa al Nomen 

 Ebn Thebet, who was born at Ciiia, in the Soth year of 

 the Hegira, and died in the 150th ; ending his life in prifon, 

 at Bae^dad. The reafon of his confinement was his refufal 

 to be called " Kadi," or judge ; and when he was quef- 

 tioned concerning it, he is faid to have replied, " If I fpeak 

 the truth, I am unfit ; but if I tell a lie, a liar is not fit to 

 be a judge." It is reported, that, during his confinement 

 in prilon, he read over the Koran no lefs than 7000 times. 

 An Arabian writer calls the Hanefites " the followers of 

 reafon," and thofe of the three other fefts " followers of 

 tradition ;" the former being principally guided by their 

 own judgment in their decifions, and the latter adhering 

 more tenacioufly to the traditions of Mahomet. This feft 

 formerly obtained chiefly in Irak, but now generally pre- 

 vails among the Turks and Tartars. The fecond orthodox 

 feft is that of Malec Ebn Ans, who was born at Medina, 

 in the year of the Hegira 90, 93, 94, or 95 ; and died 

 there in 177, 178, or 179. This doftor is faid to have 

 paid great regard to the traditions of Mahomet. In his lall 

 illnefs, a friend who vifitcd him, and found him in tears, 

 and a(l<ing the realbn of it, received for anfwer, " How 

 fhould I not weep ? and who has greater reafon to weep 

 than I ? Would to God that for every queltion decided 

 by me according to my opinion, I had received lo many 

 ftripes ! then Vv'ould my account be more eafy. Would to 

 God I had never given any decifion of my own !" The 

 doftrine of Malec is chiefly favoured in Barbary, and other 

 parts of Africa. The third orthodox feCt was denominated 

 «' Shafeites." (See the article.) The founder of the 

 fourth feft was Ahmed Ebn Hanbaj. See Hanbai,. 

 Sale's Koran, Int. 



SONNEBECK, in Geography, a town of France, in the 

 department of the Lys ; 5 miles N.E. of Ypres. 



SONNEBERG, a town of Bohemia, in the circle of 

 Saatz ; 6 milts W. of Commotan. — Alfo, a town of Ger- 

 many, in the principality of Coburg ; 10 miles N.N.E. of 

 Coburg. N. lat. 50° 2^'. E. long. 1 1° 13'. — Alfo, a town 

 of Auftria; 12 miles S.S.W. of Laab. N. lat. 48° 29'. 

 E. long. 16° 2'. — Alfo, a citadel of Auftria, which gives 

 name to a county veiled in the houfe of Auftria ; 23 miles 

 S. of Bregentz. 



SONNEBORN, a town of Pruflia, in the province of 

 Oberland; 5 miles S. of Morungen. 



SONNEBURG, a town of the Middle Mark of Bran- 

 denburg, on a fmall river, which runs into the Warta ; in 

 which is a commandcry of the knights of Malta. The 

 grand-mafter may create as many knights as he plcafes, nor 

 are Lutherans excluded, who are permitted to marry. The 

 eleftor of Brandenburg is the grand-mafter of the order ; 10 

 miles E.S.E. of Cuftrin. N. lat. 52^ 37'. E. long. 

 14° 58'. 



SONNECQUE, a river of Brabant, which runs into the 

 Senne, 5 miles above Halle. 



SONNEG, a town of the duchy of Carinthia ; 2 miles 

 S. of Eberndorff. 



SONNEN KoGEL, a mountain of Auftria ; 8 milcj S. 

 of Steyr. 



SONNENBERG, a town of Germany, in the princi- 

 pality of Nallau Saarbruck Uffingen ; 2 miles N.E. of 

 Wifbaden — Alfo, a town of Silefia, in the principality of 

 Grotkau; 6 miles S.E. of Grotkau.— Alio, a town of 

 Pruflia, in the province of Bartenland ; 12 miles S.E. of 



Bartcnftein. — Alfo, a town of Pruflia, ia the province of 

 Ermeland ; 16 miles E.N. E. of Elbing. 



SONNENBURG, a town of Brandenburg, m the New 

 Mark, on the Lenza ; 7 miles E. of Cuftrin. N. lat. 52*^ 

 37'. E. long. 14° 58'. 



SONNENSTEIN, a fortrefs of Saxony, in the'mar- 

 graviate of Meiilen, near Pirna. 



SONNERATIA, in Botany, was fo named by the 

 younger Linna;us, in honour of a diftinguilhed French tra- 

 veller and naturalift, M. Sonnerat, who publiflied, in 1 776, a 

 Voyage to New Guinea, in one volume. 410. ; and in 1782, 

 a Voyage to the Eaft Indies and China, in two fimilar vo- 

 lumes. Both works are adorned with a multitude of en- 

 gravings. They do honour to the author's charaftcr, as 

 well as to his infoi-mation. The latter publication is pecu- 

 liarly inftruftive and correft, on the fubjeft of Hindoo my- 

 thology, and has been made much ufe of by various fuc- 

 ceeding writers. Botany does not make a prominent part 

 of M. Sonnerat's performances ; but he has defcribed and 

 figured feveral new or rare plants, particularly adverting to 

 important articles of trade or medicine whole hiflory was 

 previoufiy obfcure, in his Voyages, and he is alfo the author 

 of fome exprefsly botanical treatifes, of fimilar aim, which 

 have been given to the world in periodical publications. 

 He died, a (hort time fince, at an advanced age, having jull 

 before paid a vifit to England. — Linn. Suppl. 38. Schreb. 

 Gen. 337. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 2. 999. Mart. Mill. Did. 

 v. 4. Jufl'. 325. Lamarck Illullr. t. 420. (Aubletia; 

 Gxrtn. t. 78.) — Clafs and order, Icofandrta Monogynia. 

 Nat. Ord. M'lyrii, Jufl'. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, coriaceous, 

 fomewhat bell-fliaped at the bafe, with a tumid internal 

 border ; the limb in fix or tour ovate, acute, fpreading, 

 flat, permanent iegments. Cor. Petals fometimes fix, awl- 

 fliaped, ipreading, inferted into the internal rim of the 

 calyx, and about the fame length ; in fome cafes wanting. 

 Stam. Filaments numerous, flattened, inferted likewife into 

 the rim ot the calyx, as long or longer than its fegments ; 

 anthers roundifli. PjJI. Gormen iuperior, globofe, ftyle 

 thread-fliaped, about the length of the ftamens ; ftigma 

 capitate. Perk. Berry large, globofe, pointed, fmooth, 

 feated on the permanent calyx, of many cells, full of vefi- 

 cular pulp. 5ff(/j- numerous, oblong, curved, gibbous and 

 corrugated. 



Elf. Ch. Calyx in four or fix fegment!, coriaceous, in- 

 ferior, permanent. Petals awl-fhapcd, or none. Berry of 

 many cells. Seeth numerous, gibbous. 



Obi. This genus is fomewhat like a Punka, with its 

 fruit turned out of the calyx. The younger Linnaeus feems 

 to have ftudied very fuperficially the only Ipecies which fell 

 in his way, never perceiving it to be an old plant of his fa- 

 ther's, defcribed and figured by Rnmphius. 



I. S. acula. Red-flowered Scniieratia. Linn. Suppl. 

 252. Willd. n. I. ( Rhizophora cafcolaris ; Linn. Sp. PI. 

 635. Aubletia cafcolaris ; Gsertn. v. i. 379, excluding the 

 fynonym of Rumphiu^'. Mangium cafcolarc rubrum ; 

 Rum.ph. Amboin. v. 3. 112. t. 74. Pagapate ; Sonner. 

 Nouv. Guin. 16. t. lo, 1 1.) — Flcwersin fix fegments ; with 

 fix petals. Leaves elliptic-oblong. Branches quadrangu- 

 lar. — Native of the muddy banks of large rl;i is in the Mo- 

 lucca iflands ; often planted about luiufes for the lake of its 

 fruit. Sonnerat found it in moill parts of New Guinea. 

 We have a fpecimen, gathered by Dr. Buchanan in Bengal, 

 where, as he informs u-^, the natives know th-'s pi ml by tlie 

 name ot Duabanga. The Malay 3 call it Brappat, accord'ng 

 to Rumphius, who dcfcribes it as a large tree, flowering in 

 y y 2 Odobcr. 



