S O R 



euneures," which contributed to his temporary reputation. 

 He died in 1670, and a Sorberiana was publilhed after his 

 death, containing fentiments fuppofed to have dropt from 

 him in converfation. His writings exhibit a caulhc and ia- 

 tirical fpirit, and the learning which they difplay is neither 

 original nor folid. He was intimately connefted with 

 Hobbes and Gaflendi, on whom he impofed himfelf as a 

 profound thinker. 



SORBTODUNUM.in Ancient Geography. See SoRVlo- 



DUNUM. 



SORBOE, in Geography, a fmall iflandin the North fea, 

 near the coaft of Norway. N. lat. 59° 5'. 



SORBOLE, a town of Sweden, in Weft Bothnia ; 10 

 miles S.W. of Umea. 



SORBONNE, Robert de, in Biography, founder of 

 tiie famous theological college which bears his name, \vas 

 born in 1201, of an obfcure family at Sorbon, in the dio- 

 cefe of Rheims. Being educated at Paris, and having taken 

 his degree of doclor, he devoted himfelf to preaching, in 

 which he became fo celebrated, that the king made him his 

 chaplain and confeflbr. Having become a canon of Cam- 

 bray in 1251, the recoUeftion of the difficulties which he 

 had experienced in the courfe of his own iludie-', fuggefted 

 to him a plan for facilitating to poor fcholars the means of 

 proceeding to graduation. This was to form a fociety of 

 feciilar ecclefiaftics, who, living in common, and provided 

 with a regular maintenance, fhould read lectures gratui- 

 toufly. With the affiftance of his friends, he founded the 

 college called the Sorbonne, which was particularly confe- 

 crated to the lludy of theology, and its conftitution has 

 ferved as a model for that of all colleges fince ercfted in that 

 country. Sorbonne afterwards added to tliis foundation a 

 college for the languages and philofophy, under the name of 

 the College of Calvi, or the Little Sorbonne. He was 

 made canon of Paris in 1258, and rofc to fuch a height of 

 reputation, that princes looked to him on many important 

 occafions as the arbitrator in their difputes. He died in 

 1274, at the age of 73, and left coniiderable property to 

 his college. He was author of feveral works on theologi- 

 cal fubjefts, which are preferved in MS. in the library of 

 the great college of which he was the liberal founder. 



Sorbonne, or Sorbon, the houfe or college of the 

 faculty of theology, eftabhfhed in the univerfity of Paris. 



It was founded in 1256, by St. Louis, or rather by Ro- 

 bert de Sorbonne, his confeflbr and almoner ; firil canon of 

 Cambray, and afterwards of the church of Paris ; who gave 

 his own name to it, which he himfelf took from the village 

 of Sorbon, or Serbon, in the department of the Ardennes, 

 near Sens, fix miles N. of Rethel, where he was born. 



The foundation was laidin 1250, afterwards the kinggave 

 him all the houfes he had in the fame place, in exchange for 

 fome others in another. 



The college has been fince magnificently rebuilt by the 

 cardinal de Richelieu. The defign of its inftitution was for 

 the ufe of poor ftudents in divinity. 



There were lodgings in it for thirty-fix doftors and ba- 

 chelors of the houfe ; who were faid to be of the/odely of 

 the Sorbonne. Thofe admitted into it without being doc- 

 tors were faid to be of the ho/pila/ily of the Sorbonne. Six 

 regent doftors held leftures every day, for an hour and half 

 each : three in the mnniing, and three in the afternoon. 



Sorbonne has been alfo ufed in the general for the whole 

 faculty of theology at Paris, becaufe the affemblies of the 

 whole body were held in the houfe of the Sorbonne : and be- 

 caufe the bachelors of the other houfes of the faculty, as 

 the houfe of Navarre, &c. came thither to hold their for- 

 honnique, or aft, for being admitted doftors of divinity. 



S O R 



SORBUS, in Botany, a word ufually derived by critics 

 itom forbeo, to fuck in ; becaufe its truit Sorbum, the Sorb- 

 apple, or Service, fee Service-tree, is not eatable till the 

 pulp becomes quite foft, fo as to be fucked rather than 

 bit:en, De Theis, however, goes to the recondite fources 

 of Celtic learning for its oiigin ; Sormel, the name of the 

 fruit in that language, being, as he fays, formed oi for, 

 harfii or rude, and met, an apple. — Linn. Gen. 250. Schreb. 

 338. Willd. Sp. PI. V. 2. 1008. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. 

 Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 3. 204. Jufi". 335. Lamarck lUuftr. 

 t. 434. — Clafs and order, Icofandria Trigynia, Linn. Nat. 

 Ord. Pomaces, Linu. Rofacca, Jufl'. 



This genus, confifting, in moll authors, of three fpecies, 

 S. aiicuparia, hybrida, and domeflica, we refer, without fcru- 

 ple, as in the Flora Britannica, to Pyrus ; fee that article, 

 n. 24, 25, 26. See alfo Mespilus. 



SouBUS, in Gardening, contains plants of the ornamental 

 tree kind, among which the fpecies cultivated arc, the 

 raountain-fervice, mountain-a(h, quicken-tree, roan-tree (S. 

 aucuparia) ; the true fervice, or forb (S. domeftica) ; and 

 the baUard fervice, or mountain-afli (S. hybrida). 



In the firft fort the leaves make a pretty variety, when 

 mixed with other trees in plantations : it is alfo handfome 

 when in flower, and in the autumn, when in fruit ; but the 

 blackbirds and thrufhes are fo fond of it, that they devour 

 it before it is well ripe. 



In the fecond fort there are varieties in the fruit ; ai 

 with apple-fliapcd fruit ; witli pear-ftiaped fruit ; with 

 oval fruit ; with turbinated fruit ; and with comprefled 

 fruit. 



Method of Culture. — Thefe plants are all capable of being 

 raited from feed, and alfo by layers ; but the firll is the belt 

 method. The feeds, when well ripened in the autumn, 

 (hould be fown on fmall beds of light fine ground in the 

 nurfery, either in drills or over the lurface, covering them 

 in to the depth of about an inch. When the plants rife in 

 the following or fecond fpring, they fliould be kept clear 

 from weeds, and when of a year's growth, be planted out 

 in nurfery rows, to remain till of a proper fize for planting 

 out. But the fecond fort is fometimes fown in large pots, 

 and forwarded in a hot-bed, fo as to be fooner fit for plant- 

 ing out in nurfery rows, as in one year, or a fliort fpace of 

 time. 



In the layer method, fome of the beft trees Ihould be cut 

 down near to the ground while young, by which (hoots will 

 foon be made and fent off, which fhauld be laid down in the 

 ufual way in the autumn or fpring feafons, where they readily 

 ttrike root, and become proper for being planted out in 

 nurfery rows in about one year. 



In order to continue any partitular variety, this method 

 mult conflantly be adopted. Alfo, in cultivating the fecond 

 fort, for the purpofe of fruit, the beft method is by grafting 

 or budding upon ftocks of any of the forts raifed as above, 

 or upon pear-ftocks. 



Thefe trees, in rearing, fhould be trained for ftandards, 

 each with a fingle upright ftem, in the nurfery, till from 

 three to fix or eight feet high, when they are proper for any 

 plantation, and may be tranfplanted as required. And they 

 maybe introduced in any large flirubbery orotherornamental 

 plantation, and in thofe of for^ft-trees. Some of the do- 

 meftic fervice-tree fort may alfo be introduced as fruit-trees 

 in gardens and orchards, principally as ftandards, butocca- 

 fionally in efpaliors, &c. in botli of which modes they ftiould 

 be planted and managed as apple and pear-trees, permitting 

 the ftandards to ftioot freely above into full heads ; the 

 others being regulated according to their order of training. 

 They will produce plentiful crops of fruit annually, after 



forac 



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