sou 



sou 



t5on his authority to them. Minifters oiiglit only to be iii- 

 ftruments in the hands of the prince ; he ouglit conilantly 

 to direft them, and continually endeavour to know whether 

 they follow his initrudlions. Minifters, however, who un- 

 dertake this charge, become refponfible to the ftate for 

 their conduft ; for the advice which they are fuppofed to 

 give to the iovereign, and for the meafures which they adopt 

 and purfue. Vattel's Law of Nation-;, b. i. ch. 4. 



SOVERICK, in Geography, formerly known by the 

 lame of Sauro, a town of the pachalic of Orfa, a pachalic 

 '. hich is almoll entirely encircled by the windings of the 

 i'^uphratcs and the river Khabour, and occupying a con- 

 Iderable portion of the moft barren part of Mefopotamia. 

 rhe town is fituated, according to Niebuhr, in N. lat. 37° 

 ;S', and contains about 500 inhabitants, with three mofques, 

 ;iid a Itrong callle. The country to the fouth of the parallel 

 if Soverick is, for the raoft part, flat, fandy, and unculti- 

 1 ated, and inhabited by tribes of wandering Arabs, who 

 itch their tents on the banks of the rivers, and in the vi- 

 inity of fprings. From Soverick to Diarbekir it is more 

 . ountainous, and better inhabited. 



SOUF, or VosTANi, the middle diftrift of Egypt, be- 

 tween the Bahira and Said. 



SOUFFEL, a river of France, which runs into the 

 '-'.hine, four miles below Stralburg. 

 SOUFFLEUR, Fr., the bellows-blower of an organ. 

 SOUFFLOT, James-Germain, in Biography, an emi- 

 rnt architeft, was born in 1714 at Irancy, near Auxerre. 

 J lis father, an advocate in parliament, deftined him for his 

 own profelfion, and fent him, while very young, to Paris 

 for education ; but he felt a tafte and inclination for the 

 fcience of arcliitefture. Having been employed for fome 

 time in that art at Lyons, he went into Italy, where, by his 

 talents and indultry, he was admitted one of the king's pen- 

 fioners. It being refolved that feveral public buildings 

 fliould be eretted at Lyons, he was recommended to under- 

 take a part of the work, by the director of the French 

 academy at Rome ; and the conitruftion of the exchange 

 and the hofpital was committed to him. The noble fim- 

 plicity of ths hofpital, together with its excellent adaptation 

 to the objett for whicii it was intended, were univerfally 

 admired, and raifcd him to high reputation as an artift. 

 He was, after this, employed to build the concert-room 

 and theatre of the fame city. He next travelled into Italy, 

 and on his return he fettled at Paris, where he was fuc- 

 ceffively made controller of the buildings at Marly and the 

 Tuilleries, member of the academies of architcfturc and 

 painting, knight of St. Michael, and intendant of the royal 

 buildings. In 1757 he laid the foundation of the church of 

 St. Genevieve, of which he was able only to finifli the 

 portal, the nave, and the towers. In this bufinefs he fub- 

 jefted himlelf to fome fevere criticifm, efpecially with re- 

 fpeft to the poflibility of credling the intended dome upon 

 the bafcs defigncd to bear it ; though fome cxaft calcula- 

 tions jultified his plan. The criticifms and unfriendly re- 

 marks of Ills rivals were more than his temper, naturally 

 irritable, could bear ; and he died, partly of chagrin, in the 

 year 1780, at the age of 67. Befidcs the public works 

 already mentioned, he executed many others, which difplay 

 the powers of a great artift ; and after his death, M. Dii- 

 mont, profefTor of arciutefture, publidied a book of Dc- 

 figns, whicli he had left behind him, under the title of 

 " Elevations et Coupes de qiielijnes Edifices de France ct 

 d' Italic, defignees par feu M. Soufflot, Architeftc du Roi, 

 et gravces par fes Ordres." Though Soufflot was rough 

 and hally in his manners, he was kind and friendly ; whence 

 he obtained the name of It Bourru Bicnfaiffant. 



SOUFFRIERE Bay, in Geography, a bay on the eaft 

 coart of the ifland of Dominica. N. lat. i?°Ji'. W. lone. 

 61° 17'. ^ ^ 



SOU-FONG, a town of China, of the third rank, in 

 Kiang-nan ; 47 miles S.W. of Ngan-king. 



SOUGH, in /Igriculture, a covered drain of any fize, 

 but commonly of the more large kind. Sough drains are 

 moft commonly employed in the bufinefs of fpring-draining, 

 thougli occafionally in other modes. See SpRlNG-£)ram 

 and SvRlNC.-Dralning. 



Sough, otherwife called an yidit, in Mineralogy, is a 

 pailage like a vault cut out under the earth, to drain the 

 water from the mines. 



In a canal, it denotes a fmall culvert or leading. 



SOUHAITOU, in Geography, a town of Thibet; 28 

 miles W.NW. of Yolotou Hotun. 



SOUI, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in Hou- 

 quang; 527 miles S. of Peking. N. lat. 3 1-48'. E. long. 

 1 12° 40'. 



SOUI-CHONTO, a town of Chinefe Tartary, in the 

 country of Hami. N, lat. 41° 8'. E. long. 94' 37'. 



SOVIESE, a town of European Turkey, in Moldavia ; 

 44 miles W. of Birlat. 



SOUI-KI, a town of China, of the third rank, in 

 Ouang-tong ; 30 miles N. of Louy. 



SOUILLAC, a town of France, in the department 

 of the Lot, and chief place of a canton, in the dillrift of 

 Gourdon. The place contains 1654, and the canton 8158 

 inhabitants, on a territory of 1825 kihometres, in 10 com- 

 munes. 



SOUILLY, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Meufe, and chief place of a canton, in the diftridt of Ver- 

 dun. The place contains 792, and the canton 7528 in- 

 habitants, on a territory of 230 kiliometres, in 2 1 com- 

 munes. 



SOUIN-HING, a town of China, of the third rank, in 

 Hou-quang ; 20 miles E.S.E. of Tfin. 



SOUI-PING, a town of China, of the third rank, in 

 Ho-nan ; 17 miles W.N.W. of Yun-hing. 



SOUI-TCHEOU, a city of China, of the firft rank, 

 in Se-tchuen, at the cunflux of the rivers Yafi and Kincha ; 

 8jo miles S.W. of Peking. N. lat. 28° 40'. E. long. 

 104° 23'. 



SOUI-TE, a city of China, of the fecond rank, in the 

 province of Chen-fi, on the Voutin river; 337 miles 

 W.S.W. of Peking. N. lat. 37° 38'. E. long. 109"' 34'. 



SOUI-YANG, a town of China, of the third rank, in 

 Se-tchuen ; 20 miles N.N.E. of Tlun-y. 



SOUKAPURA, a kingdom on the fouth coal! of tiic 

 ifland of Java. 



SOUKENE, a town of Africa; 130 miles S. of Tri- 

 poli. 



SOUKERKE, a town of France, in the department of 

 ■the Lys ; j nnks N.W. of Bruges. 



SOUKETON, a river of New Hampihire, which runs 

 into the Meirimack, N. lat. 42-48'. W. long. 71° 30'. 



S0U-KI8E, a town cf China, in Hou-quang, on the 

 river Lo ; 55 miles N.N.W. of Pao-king. 



SOUL, A.mma, a (pint adapted to an organized btidy. 

 See Si'ilUT and Bouv. 



Many of the ancient philofophers afl'ertcd an Anima 

 Mundi (which fee), a foul which moved and animated the 

 machine of tlie univerfe, and gave adlion to all natural 

 caufc:;. This dodlrine Plato handles very fully in his Ti- 

 mms. (See Platonism.) For the doftrine of the Stoics 

 on this fubjedt, fee S loics. See alio PiiKUrrvi)K.s. 



The ancient Iiidiaiitt, who poflibly derived lla-ir notions 



of 



