sou 



sou 



furto, calcis fine ferrumlne fuo camenta componiintur. /«- 

 trita quoque quo "velujitor, eo melior. In antiqiiarum (anti- 

 quis) sedumligibus invenitur, ne recentiore trima uteretur 

 redemptor ; idio nulla (nuUse) teftoria eorum rimae faedavere." 

 Plin. Hill. lib. xxxvi. c. 23. 



In this pafl'age, the writer ftrongly contrails, it is faid, 

 mortar {ciementa) with plalter (inlrita). The fird, he con- 

 tends, by implication, ought always to be compofed of 

 lime cum ferrumine fuo ; that is, lime which ftill retains its 

 gluten, cementing or adhering principle ; lime that (till keeps 

 or poHefTes that quality, by which it is enabled to unite 

 detached matters into a folid body, zwA glue them, as it 

 were, together. In other places of the fame work, the 

 author, it is faid, defcribes it as cak'is quam vehementtjffim£ ; 

 lime in its moll acrid ftate ; that is, perfeAly caujlic lime. 

 And this quality he plainly hints, it gradually lofes by 

 time, fo as to come at length to hs fine ferrumlne fuo : in 

 which ftate, as it is impoffible to become a good firm mortar 

 or cement for building with, thofe who make ufe of it as 

 fuch are feverely reprehended. But although the praftice 

 of ufing old and inert lime for mortar is condemned, it is 

 immediately added, as has been feen above, that for plafter 

 it is better than new, becaufe it is not fo fubjeft to crack 

 in the work. 



Thus it would feem, that the importance of the fouring 

 operation or procefs, for thefe different purpofes, was well 

 known at an early period, though the principles on which 

 its utility depended, were probably far from being under- 

 ftood. 



SOURIS, Lake </«, in Geography, a lake of Canada, 

 the direftion acrofs which is amongll iilands, N.W. by W. 

 fix miles. In this traverfe is an ifland remarkable for a very 

 large ftoiie in the form of a bear, on which the natives 

 have painted the head and fnout of that animal ; and here 

 they were alfo formerly accuftomed to offer facrifices. This 

 lake is feparated only by a narrow ftrait from the lake 

 du Serpent, which runs N.N.W. feven miles, to a narrow 

 channel, that connefts it with another lake, bearing the 

 fame name, and running the fame courfe for 1 1 miles, when 

 the rapid of the fame denomination is entered on the W. 

 fide of the lake. A fingular circumllance is obfervable 

 here, that for three or four miles on the N.W. fide of this 

 lake, there is an high bank of clay and fand, clothed with 

 cyprefs trees, no fuch cafe occurring on any other lake 

 defcribed by Mackenzie ; as they are bounded, particu- 

 larly on the N., by black and grey rocks. Mackenzie's 

 Travels, Introd. 



SouRls, in the Manege, is a cartilage in the noflrils of 

 a horfe, by means of which he fnorts. See Snort. 



The cutting of this cartilage is called in French ejfou- 

 r'tffer. 



SOURMAN, in Geography, a town of Thibet ; 250 miles 

 N.E. of LafTa. 



SOURNAT, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Correze ; 9 miles N.N.W. of Uffel. 



SOURNI A, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Eait Pyrenees, and chief place of a canton, in the diftrid 

 of Prades ; 7 miles N. of Prades. The town contains 842, 

 and the canton 3718 inhabitants, on a territory of 160 kilio- 

 metres, in 12 communes. 



SOUROUBEA, in Botany. See Ruyschia. 

 SOURTOU, in Geography, a town of Chinefe Tartary. 

 N. lat. 44" 51'. E. long. 94° 24'. 



SOURUNGE, a town of Hindooftan, in the circar of 

 Cicacole ; 3J miles S.W. of Ganjam. 



SOUSEL, a town of Portugal, in Alentejo, containing 

 About 1300 inhabitants ; 6 miles N.N.W. of Ettremoz. 



SOUSOU, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in Natoha; 

 24 miles N. of Satalia. 



SOUSOUGHERLIK, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in 

 Natolia ; 20 miles S.E. of Balikefri. 



SOUSSERAC, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Lot ; 6 miles E. of St. Cere. 



SOUSTONS, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Landes, and chief place of a canton, in the diltrift of 

 Dax. The place contains 25'78, and the canton 6604 inha- 

 bitants, on a territory of 417^ kiliometres, in 1 1 communes. 



SOU-TCHEOU, Soo-cHoo, or Soo-choo-foo, a city 

 of China, of the fird rank, in the province of Kiang-nan, 

 fituated in the vicinity of Nan-lum, on a river which com- 

 municates with the lake Tainhoo. This is reckoned one of 

 the mod agreeable cities in China, and compared by Euro- 

 peans, who have feen it, with Venice, with thij difference, 

 that the latter is built in the fea, and Sou-tcheou is inter- 

 fefted by canals of frefh water, branching from the principal 

 canal, over each of which branches is ereded an elegant 

 llone-bridge. In the walls of the city are turned feveral 

 arches, through which the canal pafles. Under thefe walls 

 are drawn up an immenfe number of vellels ; and one Ihip- 

 building yard contained, when this city was vifited by the 

 embafiy, fixteen upon the flocks, clofe to each other, each of 

 the burden of about two hundred tons. The fuburbs are 

 very extenfive. Sou-tcheou is large and very populous ; the 

 houfes are neat and well built, and the inhabitants refpeftably 

 dreffed, moiHy in filk. The women, fays fir John Staunton, 

 were fairer than thofe in the north ; many of whom wore a 

 fmall cap of black fatin, adorned with fpangles upon the 

 forehead, brought down to apeak above the eye-brows ; and 

 they had ear-pendents of gold or cryltal. 



There is not perhaps in the univerfe, according to Gro- 

 fier's account, a country more delightful, either for pleafant- 

 nefs of fituation, or mildnefs of climate. The air is fo tem- 

 perate, provifions fo plentiful and cheap, the foil fo fruitful, 

 and the manners of the people fo gentle, that this city is 

 confidered as the paradife of China. •' Above (fay the 

 Chinefe authors) is the celefHal paradife ; but the paradife 

 of this world is Sou-tcheou." Upon obferving the con- 

 tinual motion of its immenfe number of inhabitants, and the 

 confufion occafioned every where by their commercial inter- 

 ccurfe with ftrangers, one would be induced to believe that 

 the trade of all the provinces centered in it. The brocades 

 and embroideries manufactured here are in great requefl 

 through the whole empire. The jurifdiftion extends over 

 only eight cities, one of which is of the fecond clafs, and the 

 rellof the third ; but all thefe cities are beautiful, and about 

 two or three leagues each in circumference. In the vicinity 

 of this city is found that remarkable tree which furnifhes 

 tallow, the " croton febiferum" of Linnaeus. See Croton. 

 N. lat. 31° 22'. E. long. 120°. 



SOUTELLO, a town of Portugal, in the province of 

 Beira ; 17 miles W. of St. Joao do Pefqueira. 



SOUT-EL-TELL, a mountain of Algiers ; 30 miles 

 N.E. of Tremecen. 



SOUTERRAINE, La, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Creufe, and chief place of a canton, in the dif- 

 trift of Gueret ; 17 miles W. of Gueret. The place con- 

 tains 2665, and the canton 10,237 inhabitants, on a territory 

 of 275 kiliometres, in 11 communes. N. lat. 46^ 15'. E. 

 long. 1° 34'. 



SOUTH, one of the four cardinal points of the compafs. 

 See Cardinal Points. 



South, Robert, in Biography, a divine of the church 

 of England, eminent for learning, talents, and wit, was the 

 fon of a London merchant, and was born at Hackney in 





