sou 



sou 



N. by the town of Patterfon, and W. by the town of Car- 

 inel. The face of the country is rocky, mountainous, and 

 hilly, but the foil is in general good, and adapted to grafs. 

 It is well watered, and affords tolerably good crops of grain 

 and fruits. It abounds with iron-ore of good quality. And 

 the river Cretan, which runs through it, affords excellent 

 mill-feats. " Joe's" hill or mountain lies near the centre 

 of this town, and extends to Conneflicut. Here are five na- 

 tural ponds, the largelt, called Peach-pond, being about two 

 miles long and one wide. The population confifts of 1887 

 perfons, and here is one meeting-houfe. Their domeltic 

 looms produce 21,000 yards of cloth. 



SOUTH-END, a hamlet in the pariih of Prittlewell, 

 hundred of Rochford, and county of Eflex, England, is 

 fituatid on the acclivity of a well-wooded hill, at the mouth 

 of the Thames, nearly oppofite to Sheernefs, forty-two 

 miles eaft from London. Within thelalt twenty years this 

 place has obtained fome repute for fea-bathing ; and though 

 previoufly but little known, has been fince advancing to 

 importance. Some refpeftable lodging-houfes have been 

 erefled for the accommodation of vifitors : and alfo an 

 alTembly-room. At a fmall diftance from the hamlet is a 

 flone, placed as a boundary mark of the extenfion of the 

 jurifdiftion of the corporation of London over the river 

 Thames, in the eaftern direftion. The village of Prittle- 

 well is built on the declivity of a hill, on the fummit of 

 which is the parirti church, a large and refpeftable edifice, 

 the tower of which ferves as a land-mark to veffels faihng 

 into the Thames. About a quarter of a mile north of the 

 church was a priory ef Cluniac monks, founded in the reign 

 of Henry II. Beauties of England, EfTex, vol. iii. 



SOUTHE RN, Thomas, in Biography, a dramatic writer, 

 is faid to have been born at Stratford-on-Avon, about the 

 year 1662, though others affume that he was a native of 

 Dublin, and educated at the univerfity there till his eigh- 

 teenth year, when he came to England. He was entered 

 of Pembroke college, Oxford, in 1680, and foon after com- 

 pofed a tragedy, entitled " The Perfian Prince, or Loyal 

 Brother," which was afted in 1682. He took up his refi- 

 dence at the Middle Temple in 1683, and in the following 

 year another play compofed by him was afted and publiftied. 

 When James II. came to the crown, he rewarded Southern 

 for his loyalty in defendmg his caufe, when his exclufion 

 from the throne was warmly, or indeed violently agitated, 

 by giving him a captain's commillion in the troops intended 

 to oppofe the landing of the prince of Orange. When his 

 military fervices became of no account, he returned to his 

 dramatic career, and wrote feveral pieces, both in tragedy 

 and comedy, from which he drew a liberal fubfiftcnce. 

 Though Southern does not rank with the higheft of our 

 dramatic geniufcs, yet he was capable of deeply intereiling 

 the pafiinns. His belt pieces were " Ifabella," and " Oroo- 

 noko :" the latter, formed upon one of Mrs. Benn's novels, 

 was faid to have been taken from a real ilory. Southern 

 was apt to naix fcenes of low and indecent comedy with his 

 tragic fcenes, but they are fo managed that they may be 

 eafily feparated, and leave pieces which are occaiionally 

 viewed with applaufe. He lived to a great age, and bore 

 a very refpcftable charafter. He died in 1746, at the age 

 of 84. His plays were publifhcd collectively by T. Evans, 

 in 3 vols, litno. Biog. Brit. 



Southern Hemifphere. See Hemisphere. 



Southern Ocean. See Ocean. 



Southern Sign. See Sign. 



Southern States, in Geography, a denomination compre- 

 hending the following ttates of America ; viz.. Maryland, 

 Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, Tenellee, South Ca- 



VojL. XXXIIL 



rolina, and Georgia, bounded N. by Pennfylvania. The 

 Hates above-mentioned contain, by the ccnfus of 18 10, 

 3,246,455 inhabitants, including 1,099,523 (lares. The 

 principal produftions of this dillrift of the Union are, 

 tobacco, rice, indigo, wheat, corn, cotton, tar, pitch, 

 turpentine, and lumber ; and in this dillrift is fixed the per- 

 manent feat of the general government, viz. the city of 

 Wajlyington, which fee. 



SOUTHERNWOOD, in Botany and the Materia 

 Medica. See Artemisia. 



SOUTHFIELD, in Geography, a townfhip of America, 

 in the ilate of MaTachufetts, and S.E. corner of Berkfir.e 

 county ; bounded S. by the Connefticut line, containing 147 

 inhabitants — Alfo, a townfliij) of New Yck, and the ca- 

 pital of Richmond county, on the S. fide of Staten ifland ; 

 12 miles S. of New York ; comprehending an extent along 

 the fca, and at the Narrows, of abo>it eighteen miles in length. 

 The furface is diverfified, and the land of various qualities. 

 The fouth part is level, and fit for farming;. Here is a traft 

 of natural meadow, around the Great Hills, being a fmall 

 bay, noted for its dams. Here is a very extenfive filad- 

 fifliery at tlie Narrows, on the E., within half a mile of which 

 is the plain called " Old Town," which was fortified by the 

 early inhabitants, for defence againil the Indians. The 

 whole population of this town in 18 10 was 1007, with 97 

 eleftors. The " Narrows, (which fee,) leave an opening 

 for the united waters of the Hudfon and Eaft rivers to 

 communicate with the ocean, 1905 yards wide. On the 

 weft fliore are ereiEled the various military works, defigned 

 for the piotedlion of the trade of New York, and for mili- 

 tary defence againft naval foes. Thefe confift of feveral 

 forts and batteries, erefted by this ftate fince tlie year 1807, 

 at a very confiderable expence. Fort Richmond is the 

 principal work, being formed of itone, and well fupplied with 

 all the apparatus and means of defenfive warfare. The 

 telegraph, for fpeedy communication with New York, Hands 

 on the high grounds in the rear of fort Richmond. 



SOUTH GEORGIA. See New Georgia. 



SOUTH HEMPSTEAD,apoft-town(hipofNewYork, 

 in Queen's county, on the S. fide of Long ifland, 22 miles 

 nearly S.E. from New York. It is bounded N. by North 

 Hempftead.E. byOyfter bay, S. by the Atlantic ocean, and 

 W. by Jamaica. This towndiip has the greateft aggregate 

 population of any in the county, and there are feveral fmall 

 villages, the largeft of which is of the fame name with the 

 town. Although it has fome fmall ftreams of water, it 

 principally depends upon tide-mills. The land if generally 

 under good cultivation. The whole population in 18 10 

 was 5804, and at this time it iiad 445 fenatorial elcAors. 

 Rockaway beach on the fea-fhore is much frequented in 

 fummer for fea-bathing, and the various pleafurcs of tilhiag, 

 fhootinjr, &c. Game is very plentiful. 



SOUTHILL, a pariih in the hundred of Wikamtrcc 

 and county of Bedford, England, is fituatcd about four 

 miles diilant from Bigglcfwade, nine miles from Bedford, 

 and forty-threo N. from London. In ancient record* it is 

 called South-Ycvel. The manor is the property of lord 

 Ongley, who alio holds the manor of Stanford, or Stamford- 

 bury, in this parilli The monks of Warden abbey had a 

 manor here in 1369, called Gatehn'a Bury. Sir George 

 Byng, a naval onicer of eminence in the reigns of queen 

 Anne and George I., purchafcd an eftatc and (eltlcd in lhi» 

 pariih. In 1721 he was created a peer, by the title of 

 baron Byng of Southill, and vilcount Torrington. He died 

 in 1733, and lies buried in the parifli churcli. His unfor- 

 tunate foil, admiral John Byng, who was fliot by fentenc 

 of a court-martial, March 14, 1757, was iiorii and interred 

 3 F »t 



