sou 



at Southill. He is generally confidered to have fallen a 

 viftim to the violence of party. There is an infcription 

 in the church to his memory, written, it may be thought, 

 with too much afperity for fo facred a place. There are 

 alfo feveral other infcriptions m memory of other branches 

 of the family. The prefent lord Torrington fold his ettate 

 at Southill, in 1795, to Mr. Whitbread, who left it to his 

 fon, Samuel Whitbread, efq. M.P. lately deceafed. Ihis 

 manfion, which is called Southill-Houfe, ranks among the 

 firft in the county. It was built about the year 1795, by 

 Holland the architeft. The internal decorations are very 

 elegant. Over the doors of fome of the principal rooms 

 are fubjefts in baflb-relievo of animals by Garrard, and 

 paintings of game by Gilpin. In the biUiard-room is a col- 

 leftion of Garrard's models of ftieep and cattle. Over the 

 book-cafes, in the library, are portraits of the principal 

 clerks in Mr. Whitbread's brewery ; and over the chimney- 

 piece, tiiat of Mr. Whitbread, fen. placed there by his fon, 

 with this modeit and appropriate motto, " Nobis hoec otia 

 fecit." 



The pari(h of Southill was inclofed by an aft of parlia- 

 ment, paiTed in 1797, and was then computed to contain 

 2600 acres. The population return of the year i8ii, ilated 

 this paridi (including the hamlets of Broom and Stamford) 

 to contain i85houfcs, and 1024 inhabitants. Lyfons's Magna 

 Britannia, Bedfordfhire, 4to. 1806. 



SOUTHOLD, or South-hold, apoft-townlhipof New 

 York, in Suffolk county, coraprifing the N.E. part of Long 

 ifland, bounded N. by Long illand Point, foutherly by the 

 waters that feparate it from the towns of Eaft Hampton and 

 Southampton, and W. by Riverhead. The extent of South- 

 old from W. to E., where it terminates in a point, exclufive 

 of the iflands, is twenty -two miles, and its greateft width three 

 miles. In 1810 its population was 2613, including 30 

 flaves, and it then had 306 eleftors. Southold town has a 

 ftreet five miles long, in which are the pott-office, a meeting- 

 houfe, and two fchool-houfes, with 160 families ; 100 miles 

 E. of New York. 



Southold, a townfhip of Upper Canada, in Suffolk 

 county, W. of Yarmouth, and bounded on the S. by lake 

 Erie. 



SOUTH HUNTINGTON, a townfhip of Pennfylva- 

 nia, in Weftmoteland county, containing, in 1810, 1656 

 inhabitants. 



SOUTHING, in Navigation, the difference of latitude 

 a fhip makes in failing to the fouthward. 



SOUTHINGTON, in Geography, a townfhip of Ame- 

 rica, in Connefticut, and county of Hartford ; 20 miles 

 S.W. of Hartford, containing 1807 inhabitants. 



SOUTH KINGSTON, a townlhip of Rhode ifland, in 

 Wafhington county, on the W. fide of Narraganfet bay, 

 containing 3560 inhabitants. 



SOUTH-MOLTON. See Molton, South. 

 SOUTHWALLS, a town on the S. coaft of the ifland 

 of Pomona. N. lat. 58° 40'. W. long. 3° 3'. 



SOUTHWARK, commonly called The Borough, a 

 town of Surrey, England, alfo a fuburb of the city of 

 London, and generally regarded as part of that vnft 

 metropolis. It is, however, completely feparated from 

 London by the river Thames, which at this place is 915 

 feet acrofs ; and over which a bridge was conftrufted ante- 

 rior to the Norman conqueft. Southwark occupies an 

 area of about one mile and three quarters from eafl to weft, 

 by one mile in an oppofite direftion. Nearly the whole of 

 this extent is now covered vvitli houfes, public edifices, and 

 flreets, whilll the bank of the river is occupied by numerous 

 warehoufes, manufadories, timber and coal-yards, glafs- 



SOU 



houfes, &c. The Borough is alfo noted for its number of hop. 

 warehoufes. On the eafl it is bounded by the parifh of Rother- 

 hithe, on the fouth by that of Newington-Butts, on the well 

 by Lambeth, and on the north by the river Thames. For 

 accounts of each of which, fee the refpeftive words. 



Ancient Hi/lory. — Although part of the prefent diftrift 

 was probably occupied by fome Roman villas during the 

 dominion of the Romans in Londinium, yet there is no 

 evidence of its having been a ftation, or mihtary poft. In- 

 deed, it was mofl probably at that time a marfhy traft of 

 land. By the Saxons it was called Suth, or " South Work," 

 in reference to fome military work or fortification, bearing 

 that afpeft from London : it was alfo called the Borough, 

 or Burg, probably for the fame reafon. It was anciently 

 a diitinft corporation in itfelf, and was governed by its 

 own baihfFs ; but in confideration of the inconveniencies 

 arifing from the efcape of malefadlors from the metropolis 

 into this place, it was, in 1327, granted by Edward IIL to 

 the corporation of London, on payment of lo/. annually. It 

 was then called the •villnge of Southwark ; it was afterwards 

 ityled the liai/iwici of Southwark, and the mayor and com- 

 monalty of London appointed the bailiff. This power, 

 however, not being fufficient to remedy the evil, a more 

 intimate connedlion was thought neceffary ; and in the reign 

 of Edward VI. it was united to the city of London, at the 

 earneft and inceflant requeft of the citizens to the lord 

 proteftor, who was at length prevailed on to grant it ; per- 

 haps induced to comply by the confideration of 647/. 2s. id- 

 paid for the charter. It was formed into a 26th ward, by 

 the title of " Bridge Ward Without ;" and 500 marks 

 more were paid for certain privileges, antecedently enjoyed 

 by the archbilhop of Canterbury, the abbot of Bermondfey, 

 the priors of St. Mary Overy's, or Charles Brandon, duke 

 of Suffolk. In confequenceof this, it was fubjefted to the 

 lord mayor of London, who has Cnce appointed the Iteward 

 and bailiff. Southwark, however, being divided into two 

 parts, this is to be underilood only of the divifion called the 

 Borough Liberty, which confifts of three of the parifhes 

 belonging to the town, with the greater part of a fourth 

 parifh. For the city divifion, the lord mayor, by his 

 fteward, holds a court of record every Monday at the 

 feffians-houfe on St. Margaret's Hill in this borough, for 

 all debts, damages, and trefpaffes, within the limits of his 

 jurifdiftion. To this ward of Bridge Without, which is 

 not reprefented in the court of common-council, the fenior 

 alderman, or father of the city, as he is called, is always 

 removed, as to an honourable finecure, which exempts liim 

 from the fatigues ufually incurred in the other twenty-five 

 wards. The other divifion of Southwark is called The 

 Clint, or The Manor of Southwark, and is fubdivided into the 

 great liberty, the guildhall, and the king's manor ; for each of 

 which fubdivifions a court-leet is held, where the conftables, 

 ale-conners, and flefh-taflers, are chofen, and other bufinefs 

 of that kind tranfafted. This divifion is in the jurifdiAion 

 of the bifhop of Winchefler, who, befides a court-leet, 

 keeps here a court of record on the bank-fide near St. Sa- 

 viour's church, by his fteward, or bailiff, for pleas of debt, for 

 damages, and trefpaffes. Court-leets are alfo kept at Lam- 

 beth, Bermondfey, and Rotherhithe, three diitrifts adjoin- 

 ing to the Borough, 



The firft time that Southwark is mentioned in hiftory, K 

 on the occafion of earl Goodwin's faihng up the river 

 to attack the royal navy of fifty fhips, lying before the 

 palace of Weftmmfter. This was in 1052 ; when, we are 

 told, he went ad Suthtuecree, and ftaid there till the return 

 of the tide. 



Although the borough of Southwark has fo long been 



a ward 



