SOUTHWARK. 



a ward of the city of London, it ftill retains the privilege 

 of fending two members to parliament, as it has done ever 

 fmce the 23d Edward I. ; but it is not afcertained when it 

 firlt fent reprefentatives. The right of eleftion is in the 

 inhabitants paying fcot and lot, amounting to about 3ZOO. 



The things moll worthy of note in the borougli-town of 

 Southwark, properly fo called, are the churches, the hof- 

 pitals, and the prifons. 



The parifhes are St. George the Martyr, St. Olave, (part 

 of this parifh is in the city of London,) St. John Horfely- 

 down, St. Saviour, (commonly called St. Mary Overy's, ) 

 St. Thomas, and Chriltchurch : thefe parifhes were found, in 

 1811, to contain 12,217 houfes, and 72,119 inhabitants; 

 viz.. 33,61 1 males, and 3^^,508 females. The families chiefly 

 employed in agriculture were 116, and thofe occupied in 

 trades, manufadures, and handicraft, io,yio. 



Churches. — The parilh church of St. George the Martyr 

 is fituated a little to the fouth of the Marlhalfea. The 

 original edifice was of very ancient foundation, and belonged 

 to the abbey of Bermondfey, to v/hich it was given, in 1122, 

 by Thomas Arderne. Being in a very ruinous ftate, the 

 parifluoners obtained an aft of parliament for taking down 

 the old church, and erettmg another ; in confequence of 

 which the prefent ilrufture was begun m 1734, and fmidied in 

 1736. In the old church was interred Edward Cocker, 

 the celebrated arithmetician ; and the infamous bifhop 

 Bonner, who died miferably in the Marflialfea in 1569, is 

 laid to have been buried in the church-yard, under the call 

 window. 



St. Olave's church is fituated in Tooley-ftreet, near the 

 iouth end of London-bridge. The original edifice is men- 

 tioned as early as 1281, but the date of its ereftion is un- 

 known. Part of this old church having fallen down in 

 1736, an aft was obtained to rebuild it, and the prefent 

 -flrufture was finifhed in 1739. 



Eallward of St. Olave's is the parifh of St. John Horfely- 

 down, corruptly fo called from Horfe-down having been 

 originally a grazing-ground for horfes. St. John's is one 

 of the fifty new churches ordered by acl of parliament to 

 be built in the metropolis, and was finiflicd in 1732, when 

 this diltriA was feparated from St. Olave's, and conllituted 

 a diftinft parifh. 



St. Saviour's church, commonly called St. Mary Overy, 

 originally belonged to a nunnery founded by a female, 

 prior to the Norman conqueft, and endowed by her with the 

 profits of the ferry acrols the river Thames at this place 

 before the ereftion of London-bridge. This houfe was 

 afterwards converted into a college for pricfts, by whom 

 the firft bridge over the Tliames was built of wood, and 

 kept in repair, till tliey were enabled, by the munificence 

 of benefaftors, to (upply its place by another of Itone. In 

 1 106 the college was transformed into a priory of canons 

 regular ; but thofe were fcarcely fettled, when the bifliop 

 of Wincheder brought in fecular canons in their (lead. 

 The revenues of this priory, at its furrender in 1539, were 

 valued at 624/. 6s. dd. per annum. On its fupprelFion, the 

 inhabitants of Southwark purchafed the cliurch belonging 

 to it, which was by charter appropriated to the joint ule 

 of the parifhioners of St. Mary Magdalen and St. Margaret, 

 by the name of St. Saviour's. This church is built upon 

 the plan of a cathedral, though of fnialler dimenfions. Part 

 of the original architcfture is perceived in tlie interior, near 

 the weft front of the churcli ; as all the reft of the fabric 

 exhibits the ftyles in ufe between the 13th and ifith cen- 

 turies. The tower, ftanding in the centre, rifes in three 

 ftories, the walls finifhing with battlements, and being 

 fidorned at the angles with turrets and pinnacles. It wa« 



from this tower that Hollar took his celebrated views of 

 London, both before and after the great fire in 1666. 



This church has three chapels : viz. our Lady's, or the 

 New Chapel, at the eaft end of which is run out a fmall 

 monumental chapel, and wliich, after this edifice became 

 parochial, was let for upwards of 60 year?, by the church- 

 wardens, for the purpole of a bake-houfe ; St. John'?, now 

 the vcftry, on the north fide of the choir ; and St. Mary 

 Magdalen's, on the fouth fide. In our Lady's chapel is a 

 grave-ltone, ten feet in length, on which was formerly a 

 border, and a figure in brafs of a bifhop in his pontifical 

 habit ; it is fuppofcd to cover the remains of the celebrated 

 William of Wykeiiam, bifhop of Lincoln, and afterwards of 

 Winchelter, who died in 1395. Eallward of the altar is 

 the monument of Lancelot Andrews, bilhop of Winciieller, 

 who died in 1626, aged 71. His effigy, in full proportion, 

 habited as a prelate of the order of the Garter, lies on a 

 tomb of black and white marble. At las feet are his arms, 

 within a garter, between two fmall figures of Juftice and 

 Fortitude. Here alfo is a pleafing mural monument, from 

 a defign of Mr. Soane, to the memory of Abraham New- 

 land, efq., late cafhier to the bank of England, who was 

 interred here November 28, 1807. In the north aifle is a 

 curious monument, with a llatue for Gower, one of the 

 earliell Englifh poets, and a benefaftor of this church, to 

 the rebuilding of which he contributed about the year 1400. 

 On the wall are painted three female figures, crowned with 

 ducal coronets, reprefenting Pity, Mercy, and Charity. 

 See " The Hiftory and Antiquities of the Church and Parifh 

 of St. Saviour," by Concanen and Morgan, i vol. 8vo. 



1795- 



St. Thomas's church ftands on the fouth fide of St. 



Thomas's-ftreet. The original church, being old and ruin- 

 ous, was taken down, and rebuilt in 1702. 



The parilh of Chriftchurch was taken out of that of St. 

 Saviour, and was originally part of the diftrift called the 

 liberty of Paris Garden. The firll church was erefted at 

 the expence of Mr. John Marfhall, of Southwark, and 

 finifhed in 1671 ; when he endowed it with an cllate of 60/. 

 per annum, towards the fupport of the minifter. This edi- 

 fice, however, in confequence of the badnefs of the found- 

 ation, foon became fo ruinous, that, in 1737, Mr. Marfliall's 

 trullees applied to parliament for power to rebuild it, with 

 the fum of 2500/., which had accumulated in their hands 

 from the trull ; and obtained an aft for that purpofe. The 

 prefent ftrufture was accordingly erefted. It ftands on the 

 weft fide of the road leading from Blackfriars-bridge. 



For the hofpitals in and near the borough of Southwark, 

 fee St. Thomas's H0.SPITAL, Guy's Hospital, and Mag- 

 dalen Hospital. 



Here we may mention fome other charitable ertablilh- 

 ments in the vicinity of Soutliwark. The Afylum is a 

 foundation for preferving friendhfs and deferted girls under 

 twelve years of age from the danger of leduCUon and 

 proftitution. This excellent charity was let on foot by 

 the well-known magiftrate of Bow-ftrect, fir John Fielding. 

 The firft female children were admitted in July, 1758; 

 and they are inftrufted in fuch a manner as to render them 

 moft ufeful to fociety. This building Hands at an angle, 

 formed by the meetings of the WellminlUr-road from the 

 Borough to the Stone's-End, and the Jireft road to Kcn- 

 nington and Vauxhali. 



A httle farther on the north fide of the Wcftminfter-road 

 is a neat modern edifice, called the Freemalons' Charity- 

 School, appropriated for female children from five to ten 

 years of age ; though no child who has not had the fmall- 

 pox, or who has any dcfcft in her fight or luiibs, or is weak 

 3? 2 or 



