sou 



tious difcharge of his magifterial duty. An iiifcription on 

 one fide of it exprefles the caufe of its erection ; and thofe 

 on the other three fides mark the diftances from Fleet-flreet, 

 London and Weftminller bridges. This obelifk is about 

 a mile from the one at the end of Bridge-ftreet, on the city- 

 fide of Blackfriars-bridge. 



One of the new bridges for which afts of parliament have 

 recently been obtained, is defigned to crofs the Thames from 

 the bottom of Queen-ftreet, Cheapfide, to Bankfide, and 

 to be called the Southwark bridge : it is alfo propofed to 

 form a handfome ftreet from the foot of it to St. Margaret's 

 Hill. 



In Union-ftreet, northward of the mint, is Union-hall, 

 a handfome ftrufture, appropriated to the purpofes of a 

 police office for the Borough. 



At the foot of Blackfriars-bridge is a large range of 

 buildings, which were erefted by a company of gentlemen 

 fome years fince, with a view of counterafting the impolitions 

 too common in grinding of corn. There was a fteam-engine, 

 made by Medrs. Boulton and Watt, of Birmingham, which 

 turned ten pair of ftones, each pair grinding nine bulhels of 

 corn every hour, without intermiffion by day or night ; be- 

 fides which, it gave motion to the various apparatus for 

 hoiiling and lowering the corn and flour out of and into 

 the barges ; for fanning the corn, to keep it free from im- 

 purities ; and for fifting and drefling the meal from its firlt 

 ftate, till perfeftly cleared for the ufe of the baker. The 

 accidental burning of thefe mills, on the 3d of March 1791, 

 forms a kind of epoch among the remarkable fires that have 

 occurred in and about the metropolis. Such a body of light 

 and heat was fcarcely ever known as difplayed itfelf on this 

 occafion. The fire broke out about fix in the morning, and 

 burnt with fuch amazing rapidity, that the houfe of the 

 fuperintendant, at one corner of the building, was all that 

 efcaped the fury of the flames. Out of 4000 facks of 

 flour, 36 only were faved. The front, &c. remained fome 

 years unrepaired ; but the whole range has lately been formed 

 into a row of handfome private houfes. 



On the oppofite fide is Albion-place, containing the 

 houfe belonging to the Britifli plate-glafs manufaftory. 

 This company, incorporated in 1773, carries on a flourifliing 

 concern here, and at their works at Raveiihead, in Lan- 

 cafliire. 



On the weft fide of Blackfriars-road, near the bridge, is 

 the building occupied a few years fince by fir Afhton Lever's 

 mufeum, removed thither from Leiceiler-fquare, when, by 

 lottery, it became the property of Mr. Parkinfon. This 

 aftonifhing coUeftion of fubjefts of natural hiltory here ex- 

 perienced the moft mortifying neglefk, till, in 1806, it was 

 finally difperfed by public audion, in a fale which latted 40 

 days. The premifes are now occupied by the Surrey Infti- 

 tution, one of thofe ufeful eltabhfliments which are intended 

 to promote the ditfufion of fcience, literature, and the arts, 

 and which was opened March 25, 1808. 



Surrey chapel, on the eail fide of Blackfriars-road, is a 

 large octagonal building, for the ufe of Proteftants of the 

 Methodill perfuafion, under the Rev. Mr. Rowland Hill, 

 a rather eccentric preacher, but a molt worthy man. It 

 is calculated to hold nearly 50GO perfons, and can feldom 

 contain the numbers that flock to it for admittance. The 

 organ, by Elliot, has been much admired for its fweetnefs 

 of tone, as well as for its extenfive powers : it has, in fadt, 

 faeenaflerted, that on the performance of one of the hymns 

 defcriptive of thunder, many of the congregation have 

 fainted. 



The Royal Circus is fituated at the end of Blackfriars- 

 road, near the Obelilli, before-mentioned. It originated in 



SOU 



a fubfcription in favour of Mr. Hughes, a riding-mafter, 

 who, in conjunftion with the late Mr. Dindin, exhibited 

 ballets, pantomimes, and horfemanfhip, with confiderable 

 fuccefs. Through fome difagreement this houfe was feve- 

 ral years fhut up ; but was at length opened by MelTrs. 

 Jones and Crofs. In Auguft 1805, the whole building was 

 confumed by fire, but in the courfe of the following year 

 it was rebuilt in a manner fuperior in tafte and elegance to 

 the former ftrufture. Under the management of Mr. El- 

 lifton, of Drurylane theatre, the exhibition of horfemanlhip 

 was abolifiied ; and, with the new appellation of the Surrey 

 theatre, this place has acquired more of the fpirit and cha- 

 racter of the legitimate drama. Bray's Hiftory and Anti- 

 quities of Surrey, 3 vols, folio. Defcription of Surrey in 

 the 14th vol. of the Beauties of England, &c. by F. Scho- 

 berl, 1 8 13. Picture of London, 1815. Pennant's Ac- 

 count of London. Oldfield's Reprefentative Hiftory of 

 Great Britain, 6 vols. 8vo. 1816. See the article Lon- 

 don, in a preceding part of this work ; alfo La.mbeth, 

 Surrey, Newington-Butts, and Rotherhithe. 



Southwark, Eajl, atownftiip of Pennfylvania, in Phi- 

 ladelphia county ; containing 7264 inhabitants. 



Southwark, Wejl, a townfhip of Pennfylvania, in Phi- 

 ladelphia ; containing 6443 inhabitants. 



SOUTH WASHINGTON, a town of North Caro- 

 lina, on the N.E. branch of Cape Fear river, which is navi- 

 gable fo far for boats ; 36 miles from Winnington. 



SOUTHWELL, or Swell, called Suthell, an ancient 

 market-town and parilh in the wapentake of Thurgarton, 

 and county of Nottingham, England, is 14 miles N.E. of 

 the county-town, and 138 N.N.W. from London. It is 

 feated on 3 gentle eminence, on the bank of the river Greet, 

 celebrated for its red trout. Some writers have conjeftureJ 

 it to have been the Ad Pontem of the Romans, but without 

 fufficient grounds of authenticity. There is, however, an 

 ancient intrenchraent in the vicinity. Its modern appella- 

 tion is faid by Dugdale to owe its origin to a fpring or well 

 to the fouthward of the church. The governmi'nt of the 

 town is divided between the clergy, called prebends, and 

 laity, or juftices : the former exercifing authority over one 

 part of the town, called the Prebendage, including the col- 

 legiate church and its property ; and the latter over the 

 oclier part, called the Burgage, which comprehends all that 

 part between the market-place and the river. Tlie' cuftos- 

 rotulorum,and the magiftrates for this jurifdiftion, who are 

 nominated by the archbifliop of York, and conftituted by a 

 commilTion under the great feal, hold their feflions both at 

 Southwell and at Scrooby, and perform all other judiciary 

 adts diftinft from the county. A collegiate church is faid 

 to have been founded here by Paulinus, archbilliop of York, 

 about the year 630, and this feems to have been always under 

 the patronage of the prelates of that fee, though the firlt 

 i^rant we meet with of this is by king Eadwy to archbifliop 

 Ofcytel, in 958. It appears by Domefday book, that 

 here were feveral canons at the Conqueft, but the number of 

 fixteen was not fettled till the next century, and fo many con- 

 tinue to this day ; for though the then archbifhop furrendered 

 this church to king Henry VIII., 1540, yet he eftablilhed 

 the chapter fhortly after, and endowed it with the greateil 

 part of its ancient pofleflions ; and though it fuffercd again 

 in tiie time of Edward VI., it was reitored by Elizabeth, 

 and confirmed by James I. 



The collegiate church is a large, ancient, and very curious 

 edifice. It confifts of a nave, with two aides, two towers at 

 the weft end, a tranfept, a choir with aifles, and a chapter- 

 houfe. The extreme length from E. to W. is 306 feet, 

 width of tranfept from N. to S. 12 1 feet, and breadth of 



