SPA 



country. Introduced at Kew in 1786, by Mr. Mad'on. 

 The leaves are narrower, and more acute, than in the latt. 

 Flowers three or four, with ipolteAfieaths ; their tube, and 

 two lateral fegments, pale yellow, or whitift ; hood purple ; 

 lip deep yellow. ■ -.r e: 



6. S. trandtflora. Large-flowered Sparaxis. Ker n. 6. 

 Ait n. 2. (Ixiagrandiflora; DelaRocheDiff. 23. Curt. 

 Ma<r. t. ?4I. Redout. Lil'.ac. t. 139. I. ariftata ; Thunb. 

 Diff. n, 15. Ait. ed. :. v. i. 57. WiDd. Sp. PI. v i 

 203. Andr. Repof. t. 87. I. folns gladiolatis, &c. ; Mill. 

 ic. t. 237. f. 3. I. uniflora ; Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 283. I. ho- 

 lofericea; Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. v. i. 9. t. 17.) 



(S. Curt. Mag. t. 779. 



Corolla regular ; its fegments obovate-oblong, tour times 

 the length of the tube. Stamens and ilyle inclining. Sheath 

 with many awl-lhaped fegments. Leaves ereft, lanceolate. 

 Native of the Cape. Long fince cultivated in the gar- 

 dens of Europe. The Jlem is about a foot high, bearing 

 ufually three or four hzudhme powers ; fometimes but one. 

 Leaves equitant, fcarcely glaucous, ufually much fhorter 

 than the ftem. Sheaths Uriated, ending in many lax taper 

 feijments, of their own length. Corolla full two inches 

 wide ; ufually of a rich deep fatin-like purple, edged with 

 white, aiid paler beneath ; but in the variety-/?, it is whitifh, 

 or fulphur-coloured, with fome central fpots, on the upper 

 fide ; violet beneath. It mud be allowed that authors have 

 multiplied figures of this fpecies in a molt blameable manner. 



7. S. luliifera. Bulb-bearing Sparaxis. Ker n. 7. Ait. 

 n. 4. (Ixia bulbifera; Linn. Sp. PI. 51. Willd. Sp. PI. 

 V. 1. 204. Andr. Repof. t. 48. Curt. Mag. t. 545. Re- 

 dout. Liliac. t. 128. Ixia foliis linearibus glabris, caule 

 foliofo bulbifero; Mill. Ic. t. 236. f. 2.) — Corolla regular; 

 its fegments elliptical, acute, four times the length of the 

 tube. Stamens inclining. Sheath deeply torn. Leaves 

 ereft, lanceolate. Stem bulbiferous, fomewhat branched. — 

 From the fame country as the laft, and knovi'n as long in 

 our gardens. It is taller than that fpecies, with paler leaves. 

 The Jlem is generally branched and leafy, bearing a few 

 bulbs at each joint, by which the plant may be increafed. 

 Each branch ufually bears two iiiizntjlo'zvers, rather fmaller 

 than the foregoing, but with the fame filky afpeft, though 

 their colour is an uniform pale yellow, or white ; and their 

 fegments are more acute. 



8. S. Jimbrhita. Fringed Sparaxis. Ker n. 8. (Ixia 

 fimbriata ; Lamarck Dift. v. 3. 339. I. foliis gladiolatis 

 nervofis, &c.; Mill. Ic. t. 237. f. I, 2.) — Corolla regular; 

 its fegments elliptical, obtufe, four times as long as the tube. 

 Stamens ereft ? Sheath deeply torn. Leaves ereft, bluntifh, 



about as tall as the fimple, zigzag, three-flowered ftem 



Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cultivated by Miller. 

 We adopt this fpecies, (though omitted by Mr. Dryander 

 in Ait. Hort. Kew.) on the authority of the authors quoted, 

 for we have had no opportunity of inveftigating it. Its 

 humble growth, and the abruptnefs of the leaves, feem to 

 indicate a fpecific difference from the two lait. The Jlem 

 bears no bulbs, and is quite fimple ; leafy at the bafe only. 

 Floiuers large ; white or yellowifli above ; tinged with violet 

 beneath. Miller reprefents holh Jlyle znA Jlamens ereft, but 

 we dare not implicitly rely on this. The Jbealhs are fplit 

 into numerous very long and fiender fegments. 



Mr. Ker merely mentions an eighth fpecies, under the 

 name of S. lacera, feen by him in fir Jofeph Banks's herba- 

 rium, with which we are unacquainted. 



SPARENBERG, in Geography, a town and citadel of 

 Weltphalia, in the county of Ravenfberg ; 2 miles S.E. of 

 Bielefeld. 



SPARGANIUM, 'in Botany, crraj^ajiov of the Greeks, 



SPA 



a very exprefTive ancient name, derived from a-vx^yxwi, a 

 flld, or bandage, and alluding to the long flat linear form, 

 and pliant texture, of the ribband-like foliage — Linn. Gen. 

 480. Schreb. 621. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 199. Mart. 

 Mill. Dift. v. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 961. Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 V. 5. 235. Brown Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. T. 338. Purflx 

 V. I. 33. .Tulf. 26. Tourn. t. 302. Lamarck lUuftr. 



t. 748. Leers Herborn. t. 13. f. ir. Gsertn. t. 19 



Clafs and order, Afonofcw 7V/an^Wa. Nat. Ord. Calamaria, 

 or rather Piperita, Linn. Typhtt, Jufl". 



Gen. Ch. Male flowers numerous, coUefted into a head. 

 Cal. Perianth of three linear, coloured, ereft, deciduous 

 leaves. Cor. none. Stam. Filaments three, capillary, 

 longer than the calyx ; anthers oblong. 

 • Female, Cal. as in the male. Cor. none. Plfl. Germen 

 ovate, tapering into a fliort awl-fhaped ttyle ; iligma ob- 

 lique, undivided, downy, channelled along the upper fide, 

 permanent, ufually fimple, rarely double. Perk. Drupa 

 dry, turbinate, pointed ; angular at the bafe. Seed. Nut 

 hard, oblong-ovate, angular, ufually folitary ; occafionally 

 there are two. 



Eff. Ch. Male, Calyx of three leaves. Corolla none. 

 Female, Calyx of three leaves. Corolla none. Drupa dry, 

 with a folitary nut. 



1. S. ramofum. Branched Bur-reed. Hudf. 40T. FI. 

 Brit. n. I. Willd. n. i. Purfli n. i. Curt. Lond. fafc. 5. 

 t. 66. Engl. Bot. t. 744. Bauh. Theatr. 228. Ger. 

 Em. 45. (S. ereftum ; Linn. Sp. PI. 137S.) — Leaves 

 triangular at the bafe ; concave at the fides. Common 

 flower-ftalk branched. Stigma linear. — Common in ditches, 

 and about the banks of ponds and rivers, throughout 

 Europe ; more rare, according to Mr. Purfii, in North 

 America. It appears to be the o-rajyanoy of Diofcorides, 

 being the only fpecies Dr. Sibthorp obferved in Greece. It 

 is perennial, flowering in July and Auguft. Root creeping. 

 Stem ereft, about a yard high, round, leafy, fmooth, alter- 

 nately branched at the top in a panicled manner. Radical 

 leaves triangular at the bile, with concave fides ; their upper 

 part ereft, fword-fiiaped, fmooth, much taller than the 

 hem ; Jlem-leaves gradually fliorter, flat, clafping at their 

 bafe. Partial Jlowerjlalks T7i.cemo{e, many-flowered; zig- 

 zag in the lower part. Heads alternate, feffile, globofe ; 

 the lower ones female, brown ; upper male, clofer and more 

 numerous, with yellow anthers. Calyx-leaves fpatulate, 

 brown. Germen of two cells. Stigma elongated, linear, 

 ufually folitary ; when there are two ftigmas, there feem to 

 be two feeds alfo. The Sparganium of Morifon, feft. 8. 

 t. 13. f. 2, feems an Alifma or Sagitlaria. 



2. S. JImplex. Unbranched Upright Bur-reed. Hudf. 

 401. Fl. Brit. n. 2. Willd. n. 2. Purfli n. 2. Curt. 

 Lond. fafc. 5. t. 67. Engl. Bot. t. 745^. (S. ereftum ,9 ; 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1378. S. n. 345.* Linn. Fl. Lapp. ed. i. 

 271. ed. 2. 280. S. non ramofum; Bauh. Theatr. 231. 

 S. latifolium ; Ger. Em. 45. S. alterum ; Bauh. Hift. 

 V. 2. 541. Lob. Ic. So.) — Leaves triangular at the bafe; 

 flat at the fides. Common flower-ttalk fimple. Stigma 

 linear. — Native of ponds throughout Europe, efpecially on 

 a gravelly foil, flowering in July and Auguft. More fre- 

 quent in North America, according to Mr. Purfli, than the 

 ramofum, from which Hudfon and Curtis firit well diftin- 

 guifhed this fpecies. It is a fmaller plant, and never 

 branched or panicled. The lowermoft head of powers is 

 generally ftalked ; the reft being fedile. Calyx green, or 

 whitifh, not brown. Stigma elongated, moftlv fimple. 



3. S. natans. Floating Bur-reed. Linn. Sp. PI. 1378. 

 Willd. n. 3. Fl. Brit. n. 3. Purfli n. 3. Engl. Bot. 

 t. 273. Fl. Dan. t. 260. — Leaves drooping, flat. Com- 



I of men 



