S P H 



S P H 



flocks, and their provifions were exhaufted. In thefe circum- 

 ftances they received with pleafure the firft propofals that 

 were made to them, contented to pay their annua! tribute, 

 and obtained permifiion to return to their habitations, and 

 continue their barter with the maritime towns. The Turks 

 treated them in the mcfl ipfulting and cruel manner, load- 

 ing 3000 or 4000 Greeks with their baggage, and m their 

 different battles placing them in front, fo as to 1 ake a 

 rampart of their Dodies. This cowa'dly and barbarous 

 treatment greatly diftrefled thefe brave mnunt;i' leers ; and 

 frequently prevented their firing on their enemies, foi- fear 

 of injuring thofe whom they confidered as their brethren, 

 ftill more unfortunate than themfelves. Although the 

 Sphachiots pay their karatch with the greatell repugnance, 

 and are difpofed to avail themfelves of the firft favourable 

 moment for (haking off the yoke, which hangs heavy on 

 their necks, they took care, during the laft war of the 

 Rufllans againft the Turks, to refill the folicitations ad- 

 dreffed to them for taking a part in any hoitile armaments. 

 By this wary conduft, they have preferved the few pri- 

 vileges which they have remaining. Olivier's Travels. 



SPHjECULjE, amone the Romans, were tickets of 

 wood, tejfcre lignea, by which the emperors fcattered their 

 prefents to people of both fexes in the theatre, or circus. 



SPH.ffiRANTHUS, in Botany, derived from o-rai^a, 

 afphere, or globe, and a»9o?, ajlower, from the aggregation 

 of its florets into globular heads. — Linn. Gen. 452. 

 Schreb. 591. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 2394. Mart. Mill. 

 Did. V. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v, 5. 184. .luff. 176. 

 Lamarck Did. v. 7. 321. lUuftr. t. 718. Gartn. t. 164. 

 Loureir. Cochinch. 509. Vaill. Mem. de I'Acad. des Sc. 

 I719. t. 20. f. 12. — Clafs and order, Syngeriefta Polygamia 

 Segregata. Nat, Ord. Compqfita Capitata, Linn. C'ma- 

 rocephaltc, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx globular, imbricated with 

 pointed, permanent fcales, clothing the general receptacle 

 on all fides ; partial one to each fcale of the common 

 calyx, many-flowered, of five linear, equal, ereft leaves. 

 Cor. partial comprifing about three pcrfeA florets in the 

 difk, and mollly five female ones in the radius. Perfefl 

 Aorets of one petal, funnel-fhaped, with a five-cleft, fpreaJ- 

 ing limb ; female awl-fhaped, tubular, with a trifid, very 

 fmall, clofed mouth. Stam. (in the perfcdl florets) Fila- 

 ments five, capillary, very (hort ; anthers cylindrical, tu- 

 bular, longer than the corolla. Pijl. (in the perfect 

 florets) Germen flirivelled ; llyle long and rather thick ; 

 ftigma quite fimple : (in the female florets) Germen ob- 

 long ; ttyle fetaceous, the length of the ftamens ; ftigma 

 cloven. Peric. none, except the unchanged calyx. Seeds 

 (in the perfedl florets) none; (in the female) folitary, ob- 

 long, naked. Recept. common fcaly ; partial naked. 



Eff. Ch. Partial calyx eight-flowered. Florets tubular, 

 perfeft ; fome imperfeftly female. Receptacle fcaly. Down 

 none. 



1. S. indicus. Indian Sphseranthus. Linn. Sp. PI. 1314. 

 Fl. Zeylan. 312. Willd. n. 1. (S. purpurea alata fer- 

 rata ; Burman. Zeylan. 220. t. 94. f. 3.) — Leaves lan- 

 ceolate, ferrated, decurrent, fmooth. Peduncles winged. 

 Wings of the flem and llalks ferrated. — Native of the Eaft 

 Indies. It flowers at Kcw, in the ftove, from Auguft to 

 December. Root perennial. Stems herbaceous, branched 

 above and below, fmooth. Leaves alternate, feflilc, lan- 

 ceolate, naked, ferrated, remarkably decurrent, involute, 

 having the fragrance of oil of lavender. Flamiers folitary, 

 terminal, globular, of a blue or purplifli colour. 



2. S. rnurocephalus. Small-headed Spliajranthus. Willd. 

 n. 2. — Leaves obovatg-lanceolatc, flighily pointed, ferrated. 



decurrent, fmooth. Peduncles winged. Wings of the 

 ftem and Italks entire — Native of Java. — WiUdenow, upon 

 whofe authority thi? and the following fpecies are adopted, 

 fays, that this is very hke the preceding, but that its <wings 

 are entire, notferr?ted. Leaves obovato-lanceolate, obtufe, 

 with minute, very dillant, pointed ferratures. Flowers in 

 oblong, not fpher.cal, heads, about habF as big as thofe of 

 the lail fpecies. 



3. S. hirtus. Hairy Sphaeranthus. Willd. n. 3. La- 

 marck Illuft^r. t. 718. f. I — Leaves obovate, ferrated, 



hairy, decurrent. Peduncles winged Allied to the firll 



fpecies, but diltinft 1 having obovate haves, and fmaller 

 heads ofjlotuers, as well as in the hairinefs of all its parts. 



4. S. africanus. African Sphaeranthus. Linn. Sp. PI, 

 1314. Thunb. Prodr. 169. fScabiofa minor, alato caule, 

 maderafpatenfis ; Pink. Aim. 335. t. 108. f. 7.) — Leaves 

 decurrent, ovate, ferrated. Peduncles round. — Native of 

 the Cape of Good Hope and Madras, flowering at Kew ia 

 July and Auguft. Stem herbaceous, about ten inches high. 

 Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate. Peduncles fullaining 

 three or four globular heads of Jlowers of a pale yellow 

 colour. 



y. S. chinenfis. Linn. Mant. 1 19. Willd. n. 5. — Leaves 

 fefTile, pinnatifid. — Native of India. Why then (fays pro- 

 feffor Martyn) is it named chinenfis? — It is extremely like 

 S- indicus, but a much fmaller plant, with pinnate, fiiiuated 

 leaves, and, if we miltake not, is the very fame as the Lin- 

 nsean Artemifia maderafpatana. 



6. S. cochinchinenjis. Loureir. Cochinch. 5 i o. — Leaves 

 decurrent, oblong, undivided. Flowers in heart-fliaped, 

 ovate, nearly fefiile, terminal heads. — Native of Cliina and 

 Cochinchina, among corn, and in gardens. — Stem herba- 

 ceous, a foot and half high, ereft, round, fmooth, whitifli, 

 with a few afcending branches. Leaves alternate, feffile, 

 undulated, rugofe, woolly. Flotuers white, tinged with a 

 little purple. Loureiro obferves, that the laft fpecies (.?. 

 chinenfis) differs from this only in having pinnatifid leaves. 



SPH.£RIA, a genus of the fungus tribe, defined by 

 Micheh, but properly named by Haller, in allufion 

 to the fpherical fhape of tlie fced-veffels. — Hall. Hift. 

 V. 2. 120. Schreb. Gen. 770. Perl. Syn. i. Lamarck 

 t. 879. (Lichcn-agaricus ; Mich. Gen. 103. t. 54, 55.) 

 — Clafs and order, Cryptogamia Fungi. Nat. Ord. Fungi, 

 angiocarpi. 



Eir. Ch. Capfules roundifh, immerfed, filled with jelly, 

 which becomes a mafs of minute, volatile, feeds. 



Perfoon reckons up 184 fpecies, diitnbuted in eight fec- 

 tions, of each of which we (hall exhibit examples. 



Seft. I. Caulefcent, elongated or cluh-fhaped ; their fuhflanct 

 either fleffjy or corky. Ten fpecies. 



5. militaris. Scarlet Club-(haped Sphasria. Perf. n. I. 

 Obf. Mycolog. fafc. 2. 66. t. 6. f. 3. Sowerb. Fung, 

 t. 60. (Clavaria militaris; Linn. Sp. PI. l6c2. Hudf. 

 638. With. V. 4. 361 ? C. militaris crocca ; Vaill. Parif. 

 39. t. 7. f. 4. C. granulofa ; Bulliard t. 496. f. i-)— - 

 Tawny red, or fcarlet, flefhy. club-lhaped. Head granu- 

 lated with the promii^eiit leed-vcirels. Perfoon mentions 

 this as found in autumn, after great rains, in wet grafly 

 places, always growing out of fome dead caterpillar or 

 chryfalis. The only fpecimen we ever faw was gathered on 

 a dry gravelly bank al ove Thorpe, near Norwich, and 

 meafured about an inch in height, the head being ovate, of 

 a beautiful fcarlet, granulated like orange-peel ; the ftalk 

 paler and Imooth. The figures above cited are rather taller, 

 and generally more yeliowifli. Withering appears to con* 

 found various diftinft fpecies under the above name. 



S. etitomorhiza. SlcnUer-ftalkcd Sphxna. Dickf. Crypt. 



fafc. 



