S P H 



S P H 



manent. Pir'u. Capfule comprefled, wedge-fiiaped, quad- 

 rangular, obtufe, of two cells, buriting all round near the 

 top. Seeds very numerous, minute, oblong, affixed to a 

 pendulous receptacle in each cell. 



E(r. Ch. Corolla five-cleft, fmaller than the calyx. 

 Capfule comprefled, of two cells, burltinjr all round. Seeds 

 numerous. Receptacles curved downwards. Stigma capi- 

 tate, permanent. 



I. S. zeylanica. Willd. n. I. (Pongati ; Rhccde Hort. 

 Malab. V. II. 47. t. 24.) — Native of moilt fituations in 

 the Eaft Indies, Cochinchina, Ceylon and Guinea. The 

 root IS fibrous and annual. Stem eretl, one or two feet high, 

 fimple or branched, leafy. Leaves fcattered, llalked, lan- 

 ceolate, entire, fmooth, fomewhat flelhy, about two inches 

 long, of a pale rather glaucous green. Flowers grecnifh- 

 white, in denfe, terminal, ereft, cylindrical fpikes, of no 

 beauty, nor do we know that the plant has any valuable 

 properties. Its general afpeft is that of fome kind of Re- 

 fecla, particularly the R. Luteola. It was originally chofen 

 by fir Jofeph Banks to commemorate the eminent botanical 

 merits of Gasrtner, for which the Itriking peculiarities of 

 Its feed-veflTel made it very eligible ; but there is now an- 

 other G/^RTNERA, of equal fingularity and more beauty. 

 See that article. 



SPHENOGYNE, apparently from o-?itiv, a luedge, and 

 yvn, a female, in allufion to the wedge-fhaped ftigmas. — 

 Brown m Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 142. — Clafs and order, 

 Syngenefia Polygam'ia-fruftranea. Nat. Ord. Compofttx d'lf- 

 coidea, Linn. Corymbiferat, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx roundilh, imbricated ; its fcales 

 rounded or awl-fhaped, concave, with a membranous dilated 

 border, mod confpicuous on the inner ones. Cor. compound, 

 radiated ; florets of the difk numerous, funnel-rtiaped, five- 

 cleft, equal, all perfeA ; thofe of the radius about twenty, 

 ligulate, longer than the diameter of the diflc, toothed at the 

 end imperfeftly, female. Stam. in the florets of the diflc, 

 filaments five, capillary, fhort ; anthers united into a tube, 

 nearly as long as the corolla. Pifl. Germen fcarcely dif- 

 cernible in the florets of the radius ; in thofe of the diflt 

 oblong, quadrangular ; ftyle thread-lhaped in both ; Itigmas 

 in the florets of the radius obfolete ; in thofe of the difk 

 dilated upwards, rather abrupt at the fummit. Perk, none, 

 except the permanent dry calyx. Seeds in the diflc only, 

 angular. Down of five rounded, membranous, horizontal 

 fcales. Recept. chafly, flattifli. 



Efl. Ch. Scales of the receptacle diftinft. Seed-down of 

 five fimple membranous leaves. Stigma dilated upwards, 

 abrupt. Calyx imbricated ; its inner fcales with a mem- 

 branous border. 



1. S. anthemoides ■ White-crowned Sphenogyne. Ait. 

 n. I. (Arftotis anthemoides ; Linn. Sp. Pi. 1307. Willd. 

 Sp. PI. v. 3. 2361. Curt. Mag. t. 544. Chamxmelum 

 pumilum, fohis anguftis pinnatis ; Burm. Afr. 174. t. 63. 

 f. 2.) — Herbaceous, fmooth. Leaves fimply or doubly 

 pinnatifid, linear-lhread-fliaped. Seed-down white, with 

 brown awl-fhaped ribs. — A native of the Cape of Good 

 Hope, which proves a hardy annual in our gardens, flower- 

 ing from July to September. Mr. Mallon introduced it in 

 1774. The roo/ is fibrous, ^/t'm branched. Leaves [ome- 

 what like chamomile. Floivers terminal, folitary, (talked, 

 an inch and half or more in diameter ; yellow above ; their 

 rays purple underneath. The pure white chzKy feed-cro-wn, 

 radiated with brown, forms the moil Itriking part of the 

 plant, and may be preferved witheverlalling flowers through 

 winter. 



2. S. eritbmifolia. Samphire-leaved Sphenogyne. Ait. 

 11.2. (Aritotis paleacea ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1307. Willd. 



I 



Sp. PI. V. 3. 2359. After foHis integris angufti«, flore 

 magno luteo ; Burm. Afr. 176. t. 65. f. i.) — Shrubby, 

 fmooth. Leaves pinnatifid, linear-thrcad-fhaped. Outer 

 fcales of the calyx awl-fllaped — Native of the Cape of 

 Good Hope. A greenhoufe (hrub, cultivated by Miller, 

 flowering throughout the fumraer. The Jlem is bulhy. 

 Floivers large, yellow. Inner fcales of the calyx very 

 broad and rounded, while the outer are awl-fhaped, and 

 fcarcely membranous. 



3. S. fcariofa. Scaly-cupped Sphenogyne. Ait. n. 3. 

 (Araotis fcariofa ; Ait. ed. i. v. 3. 274. Willd. Sp. PI. 

 v. 3. 23G0. ) — " Leaves fimply or doubly pinnatifid, linear- 

 thread-fliaped, fmooth. All the fcales of the calyx mem- 

 branous, obtufe, fliiiiing ; the outermoft fefiile." — Sent by 

 Mr. MafTon from the Cape in 1774. A greenhoufe (hrub, 

 flowering from April to Augull. Differs from the laft in 

 having all its calyx-fcales dilated and membranous. 



4. S. alrotantjolia. Southernwood-leaved Sphenogyne. 

 Brown MSS. Ait. n. 4. — " Shrubby. Leaves twice or 

 thrice pinnatifid, downy as well as the calyx." — A green- 

 houfe flirub, fent by Mr. Maflbn from the Cape in 1789, and 

 flowering alt fumrner long. 



5. S. dentata. Small-leaved Sphenogyne. Ait. n. 5. 

 (Arftotis dentata; Linn. Sp. PI. 1307. Willd. Sp. PI. 

 v. J. 2359. Chryfanthemum foliorum pinnis breviflimis, 

 dentatis ; Burm. Afr. 175. t. 64.) — Shrubby. Leaves pin- 

 natifid, nearly fmooth ; each fegment with two or three di- 

 varicated hair-pointed teeth. Outer fcales of the calyx 

 ovato-lanceolate. — From the fame country. A greenhoufe 

 fnrub, flowering in June and July, introduced in 1787, by 

 Mr. John Hunnemann. The ha-ues are copious, (hort, and 

 crifped. Floivers hardly an inch broad, yellow. Points of 

 the calyx-fcales downy ; the inner ones bearing a very thin, 

 pellucid, orbicular appendage. 



6. S. odorata. Smooth-ieeded Sphenogyne. Ait. n.6, 

 (Anthemisodorata ; Ait. ed. i. v. 3. 238. Willd. Sp. PI. 

 v. 3. 2186.) — " Shrubby. Leaves fl.it, fmooth; cut or 

 pinnatifid at the extremity. Outer calyx-fcales membranous 

 at the point. Seeds fmooth, with a flight crown." — Sent 

 by Mr. MafTon from the Cape in 1774. A greenhoufe 

 fhrub, flowering from April to June. The branches are 

 downy. Leaves fmall, half an inch long. Floivers on very 

 long, almod naked, (talks. 



SPHENOID, in /Inotomy, one of the bones of the head. 

 See Cranium. 



SPHENO-MAXILLARY Fissure, a large interval, 

 in the lower and outer part of the orbit, between the 

 fphenoid and upper jaw-bones. See Cranium. 



SPHENO-PALATINE Fora.men, an opening be- 

 tween the fphenoid and palate bones, leading into the nofe. 

 The fame epithet is alfo given to certain nerves which go 

 through that opening, and to the levator pahtti mufcle. 



SPHENO-PHARYNGEUS, a name applied to a 

 part of the conltriftor pharyngis fupcrior mufcle. Sec 

 Deglutition. 



SPHENO-PTERYGO-PALATINUS, a name given 

 by Cowper to the circumflexus palati mufcle. See Deglu- 

 tition. 



SPHENO-SALPINGO-PHARYNGEUS, a fmaU 

 portion of the fupeiior conttriitor of the pharynx, defcribed 

 under this name by Winflow. 



SPHENO-SALPINGO-STAPHYLINUS, a name 

 given by Window to 11 pDrtion of the circumflexus palati. 



SPHENO-STAPHYLINUS, the levator palati mollis, 

 according to Drake and Cowper. 



SPHERE, Srii.T^RA, o-faij-x, in Geometry, a folid body 

 contained under one fiiigle furface, and having a point io 



the 



