S P 1 



S P I 



hcTufcs. It is found particularly fo to thole of the forced 

 French bean, melon, peach, vine, cherry, currant, and feme 

 other kinds. The generation and produftion of this infeft 

 arc greatly caufed and promoted by the dry warm heat that 

 is conllantly kept up in the houfes which contain thefe forts 

 of plants and trees, and there are many other circuniftances 

 which combine in bringing it forth. It is an infeA which 

 has no wings, and the female is oviparous. 



Several different methods have been attempted in order to 

 the removal and dellruftion of it. Conttaiit daily watering, 

 or wafhing the trees, are faid to have the power of fubduing 

 it, but in the execution of the work, care is always to b.' 

 taken that every part of the leaves be wetted, otherwile the 

 infefts flielter and fave themfelves in the dry parts, and are 

 preferved from the effects of the water. 



Moiilure conveyed in fome way or other is certainly found 

 to be the moll dcftruftive, of any thing yet difcovered, of 

 thefe pernicious infecfts, as well as many others that infeft 

 hot-houfes. Throwing weak lime-water in a plentiful man- 

 ner on the under fides of the leaves, where thefe infeifts are 

 commonly found, will, for,the molt part, loon deftroy them. 



The following direftions have been given for the deltruc- 

 tion of this fort of fpider, when it becomes injurious to 

 melon plants ; and the fame may probably be found ufeful 

 for thofc of the forced French bean, and fome other fimilar 

 kinds. 



In cafes of dry weather, and with a dry heat, melon 

 plants are very fubjeft to be infefted with the red fpider ; 

 and the appearances of it may conftantly be long noticed 

 before the infe£ts can be feen with the naked eye, by the 

 leaves beginning to curl and crack in their middle parts. 

 Whenever they are difcovered to be in this ftate or condi- 

 tion, and there is fine warm funny weather, the watering of 

 them all over the leaves, both on the under and upper fides, 

 is advifed ; a watering-pot, with a rofe finely perforated with 

 holes, or a garden-engine, which difperfes the water in a 

 fine dew-like manner, being employed for the purpofe. The 

 work fhould be performed about fix o'clock in the morn- 

 ing, and the plants be (haded with mats about eight, if the 

 fun fhinc with much power, (liutting the frames down clofely 

 until about eleven ; and then admitting a fmall quantity of 

 frefh air, letting the mats remain until about three in the 

 afternoon, when they (hoiild be wholly taken away. The 

 fliade which is thus afforded by the mats prevents the leaves 

 of the plants from being fcorched or otherwife injured by 

 the aftion of the heat of the fun while they are in a wet 

 cooled down ftate. Where a foutherly breeze prevails, 

 watering them again about three in the afternoon is recom- 

 mended, fhutting them up clofe as before, to keep the heat 

 in, which caufes a itrong exhalation of the moillure, and is 

 greatly dellructive of the ipiders. 



In all thefe waterings, the water is to be thrown as much 

 and as finely as poffible on the under fides of the leaves, 

 where the infects molUy lodge ; the vines or ffems of the 

 plants beings gently turned in that intention, taking great 

 care not to injure them, by which means the water is capa- 

 ble of beipg eafily thrown over the whole of the under fides 

 of the leaves, it being done m a gentle manner, in the modes 

 already fuggelted, fo as not to walh up the mouldy matters 

 on to the plants : the lights and fides of the frames which 

 contain the plants, fhould alfo, at the fame time, have water 

 plentifully thrown on and againft them. When thefe water- 

 ings are finilhed, the vines or flcms of the plants are to be 

 carefully laid down a<;ain in their former pofitions. And if 

 the day be funny, the mats may be let remain, as already 

 direfted, until the leaves of the plants become perfeftly dry, 

 .air being admitted according to the heat that may be prcfent 



Vol. XXXIII. 



at the time. It is likewife further advifed as a precautionary 

 meafure, that, before the frames and lights,, which are to 

 contain plants of this fort, are employed, they fhould be 

 well wafhed, both infidc and out, firll with cleaH water, and 

 then with a mixture of foap-fuds and urine ; a brufti or 

 woollen rag being made ufe of in the operation ; as by this 

 method the ova or eggs of the fpiders or other infeds that 

 may have been depofited and lodged in or on them, in the 

 preceding feafon, may be cleared away and deftroyed. The 

 exhalations of the water which has been thrown upon the 

 plants, and the frames or boxes that contain them, may alfo 

 be ufeful in killing thefe infedls, in other cafes by keeping 

 them in a clofe Hate. 



Thele wafhings fhould never, however, be performed in 

 cold frolly periods or feafons ; and the water made ufe of in 

 fuch cafes fliould always be of the rain or foft kind. 



The mould which has formerly been employed in raifmg 

 thefe plants, where infeited with the fpider, fhould not, oa 

 any account, be again had recourfe to fur the fame ufe, as 

 it may contain the ova of thefe infefts. See CucuMis. 



The waterings, wafhings, and other modes and means of 

 removing and deftroying this infeft, when it infefts the fruit- 

 trees and flirubs noticed above, are explained under the 

 different proper heads. See Amygdalus, Prunus, Rises, 

 and ViTLs. 



The fpecies of this genus of infefts are extremely nume- 

 rous, being more than eighty. This fort is very common on 

 trees, efpecially thoie of the currant kind, being frequently 

 feen running on the fruit of it. See Acahus. 



This infeft is injurious and deftruftive to plants and trees, 

 and the produftion of their fruits, by feeding on their juices ; 

 as the ftems and leaves of them are not unfrequently com- 

 pletely robbed and exhaulled of their moifture in this way. 



Spidek'j Si/i. See Silk, and Aranea. 



Spider'j IVeb. See Web. 



SpiDER-Shel/, a name given to fome fpecies of the murex. 



SpiDER-lVort, in Botany. See Anthericum. 



SPIEGELBERG, m Geography, a town and citadel 

 of Weftphalia, giving name to a fmall county in the prin- 

 cipality of Calenberg ; 2 1 miles S.W. of Hanover. 



SPIEI, in the G/a/s Trade, an iron inltrument, hooked 

 at the end, and pointed, with which the workmen take the 

 metal up out of the melting-pots for proofs or ail'ays, to fee 

 whether it be fit to work. 



SPIELBERG, in Geography, a town of Germany, in 

 the principality of Oettingen, infulated in the m.irgravate of 

 Anfpach ; 8 miles N.E. of Oettingen. N. lat. 49° 3'. 

 E. long. 10° 13'. — Alfo, a town of Germany, in the prin- 

 cipality of Culmbach ; 3 miles E.S.E. of Kirch Lamitz. 



SPIELMANNIA, in Botany, named in houour of 

 Dr. John Reinhold Spielmann, profeffor of medicine and 

 botany at Strafhurg, author of a Prodromut Fhrt Argen- 

 tornlenfis, and other trafts on botany and pharmacy. — 

 " Medicus Aft. Palat. v. 3. 196. t. 10." Schreb. 414. 

 Willd. Sp. PI. V. 3. 321. Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. Ait. 

 Hort. Kew. v. 4. 45. .luff. loy. Lamarck lUiillr. t. 85. 

 — Clafs and order, Didynamia Angiofperniia. Nat. Ord. 

 Perfonatte, Linn. Filka, Juff. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, creft, 

 fhort, permanent, divided into five, linear-awl- fhapcd, acute, 

 nearly equal fej'ments. Cor. of one petal, falver-fliaped : 

 tube cylindrical, incurvi d, globular at the bafe, hairy within- 

 fide, Its mouth clofed with h.iirs ; limb nearly equal, cloven 

 into five oblong, truncated, flat, widely fprcading fegmcnt--. 

 Slant. Filaments four, very fltort, in the tube I'f the corolla, 

 two of them fhorter ; anthers oval. Pifl. Gernien fupe- 

 rior, roundifh ; flylc fhort, permanent ; ttigma hooked. 

 3 X Peric, 



