s p r 



are large long iron nails with flat heads. They are of divers 

 lengths, fome a foot or two long, and fome are jagged, fo 

 that they cannot be drawn out again. They are ufed to 

 fallen the planks and timber. See MARhiNG-Sfiie. 



SPIKING up the Ordnance, a fea-phrafe, uied for faf- 

 tening a quoin with fpikes to the deck, clofe to the breech 

 of the carriages of great guns, that they may keep clofe 

 and firm to the (hip's fides, and not get loofe when the (hip 

 rells, and by that means endanger the breaking out of the 

 butt-head of a plank. See Quoin. 



SPILAMBERTO, in Geography, a town of Italy, 

 in the department of the Panaro ; 8 miles S.E. of Mo- 

 dena. 



SPILANTHUS, in Botany, originally called Spilan 

 THES by Jacquin, is derived from cr-Ao;, a J pot, and xnfc;-; 

 a floiuer, becaufe of its dotted or fpeckled flowers. — Jacq 

 Amer. 214. Schreb. 543. Willd. Sp. PI. v. 3. 171? 

 Mart. Mill. Dift. v. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 4. 49:; 

 Jufl". 187. Lamarck Dift. v. 7. 345. Illuftr. t. 668 

 Gaertn. t. 167. — Clafs and order, Syngenefia Palygamia 

 Mqualis. Nat. Ord. Conipofita OpjynfitifolU, Linn. Co- 

 rymbifera, Juflf. 



Gen. Ch. Common calyx nearly hemifpherical, imbri- 

 cated, with lanceolate, linear, compact fcales, in a double 

 row. Cor. compound, uniform, tubular, conically convex, 

 the florets numerous, equal, all perfefl, funnel-lhaped, with 

 a four or five-cleft, reflexed limb. Stam. Filaments four 

 or five, capillary, very fliort ; anthers cylindrical, tubular. 

 Ft/}. Germen oblong, comprefled ; ftyle thread-fhaped, the 

 length of the ftamens ; ftigmas two, recurved. Peric. none, 

 except the unchanged calyx. Seeds fohtary, oblong ; com- 

 prefled, flattifh. Down with a membranous margin, and 

 two unequally-fized awns at the tip. Rccept. briilly, co- 

 nical, its fcales comprefled, deciduous. 



Obf. In S. atriplicifolius the feeds have no awns ; and in 

 5. Acmella and ullginofa the radius is very fniall, and com- 

 pofed of only three or five flowers. 



Efl". Ch. Receptacle chaffy, conical. Down with two 

 aw.is, one larger than the other. Calyx nearly equal. 



1. S. urens. Biting Spilanthus. Willd. n. i. Jacq. 

 Amer. t. 126. f. i. — Leaves lanceolate, entire. Stem 

 proilrate. — Native of fandy fields in America, about Car- 

 thagena, flowering from May to Ociobcr. Root perennial, 

 fibrous. Stems herbaceous, round, fmooth, procumbent, 

 branched, fibrous at the joints. Leaves oppofite, felTile, 

 imooth, ribbed. Flowers folitary, capitate, terminal, fcent- 

 lefs, white, dotted with black. 



The leaves of this fpecies pofTefs a hot, pungent flavour, 

 refembhng the root of Pyrethrum, or Peilitory of Spain, for 

 which they are occafionily fubllituted. 



2. S. Pfeudo- Acmella. Baftard Acmella or Spear-leaved 

 Spflanthus. Willd. n. 2. (Veibefina P leudo- Acmella ; 

 Linn. Sp. PI. 1270. Chryfanthemum mederafpatanum la- 

 tifolium, fcabiofas capitulis parvis ; Pluk. Aim. 99. t. 159. 

 f. 4-) — Leaves lanceolate, ferrated. Stem ereft. — Native 

 of Ceylon, flowering in July. Root annual. Stem two feet 

 high, round, branched, rather hairy. Leaves oppufite, 

 ftalked, ovate, veined, the ftalks chaniielltd and flightly 

 downy. Floivers folitary, yellow, on long, upright, naked 

 ilalks. 



3. S. Acmella. Balm-leaved Spilanthus. Willd. n. 3. 

 (VerbeCna Acmella; Linn. Sp. PI. 1271. Abcdaria ; 

 Rumph. Amboin. v. 6. 14^. t. 65.) — Leaves ovate, fer- 

 rated. Stem ereft. Flowers radiated.— Native of Ceylon, 

 flowering from July to the end of fummer. Stems about two 

 feet high, much branched. Lea-^^es like thofe of the laft 

 fpecies. Flowers folitary, radiated, yellow, oq very long 



S P I 



ftalks. This plant is reputed to be a fpecific for the ftone 

 in the Eaft Indies. It differs chiefly from Pftudo- Acmella, 

 in being more branched, and in having radiated flowers. 



4. S. ullginofa. Boggy Spilanthus. Willd. n. 4. Swartz 

 Prodr. no. Ind. Occ. 1291. — Leaves ovato-lanceolate, 

 notched. Stem erett, forked. Flowers radiated, terminal, 

 Italked. — Native of the fouth of Jamaica, in clayey, fwampy 

 ground, flowering in the fpring. Root annual, long, Cmple, 

 thread-ihaped. Stem herbaceous, halt a foot high, round, 

 fmooth, reddilh. Z.i•a^|« oppofite, ilalked, fmooth. Flowers 

 rouiidilh at firlt, afterwards conical, yellow. 



5. S. exafperata. Rough or Warty Sipilanthus. Willd. 

 n. 5. Jacq. Ic. Rar. v. 3. t. 584. (S. radicant ; Jacq. 

 Coileft. V. 3. 229.) — Leaves ovate, wavy. Stem forked, 

 afcending, rough with warts at the bafe. Calyx of five 

 leaves. — Native of Venezuela, and flowenRg in iloves from 

 July to January. Root branched, whitifn. Stem nearly 

 three feet in height, ereft, fomevvhat hairy, rough towards 

 the bafe, with ftiarp, flefliy warts. Leaves oppofite, ftalked, 

 acute, flightly ferrated, roughifli. Flowers folitary, white, 

 on downy ftalks. Seeds black, fringed with white hairs. 



6. S. alba. White-flowered Spilanthus. WillJ. n. 6. 

 L'Herit. Stirp. Nov. t. 4. — Leaves ovate, wavy ; lower 

 ones alternate. Stem branched, afcending. Calyx of many 

 leaves. — Native of Peru. It flowers in June and July. 

 Root annual, fibrous, pungent, exciting faliva, whence 

 Murray called this fpecies J'alivaria. Stem herbaceous, 

 wavy, upright, rugged, panicled. Leaves ftalked, fpread- 

 ing, bluntifli, hairy, fringed. Flowers terminal, folitary, 

 conical, obtufe, white. 



7. S. atripllci/olia. Orache-leaved Spilanthus. Willd. 

 n. 7. (Bidens atriplicifolius; Linn. Sp. PI. 1168.) — 

 Leaves alternate, deltoid, toothed, ftalked, furniflicd with 

 ftipulas. Stem panicled. — Native of South America. Stem 

 herbaceous, fmootli. Leaves alternate, on flender ftalks. 

 Stipulas equal, kidncy-lhaped, like little ear-;. Flowers 

 fohtary, terminal. Seeds without awns, oblong. 



S. S. infpida. Tattelefs or Mild Spilanthus. Willd. 

 n. 8. Jacq. Amer. 215. t. 126. f. 2. — Leaves obovate, 

 toothed, feffile. — Native of America, and found by Jacqiun 

 at the Havanna, where it flowers in the winter. Stems 

 Ihrubby, round, branched, procumbent. Leaves oppofite, 

 nearly feffile, fmooth, attenuated at the bafe. Flowen like 

 thofe of urens, and like that fpecies the leaves of this have a 

 fait or biting flavour, but in a milder degree, fo that the 

 fpecific name is not extremely appropriate. 



9. S. okracea. Efculent Spilanthus. Willd. n. 9. 

 Jacq. Hort. Vind. v. 2. 63. t. 135. — Leaves ovate, heart, 

 ftiaped, ferrated. Stem branched, dilTule. — Native of the 

 Eaft Indies, flowering at Kew from July to November. 

 Stems a foot long, proftrate, round, fomewhat rugged. 

 Leaves oppofite, dark green above, yellowifii or glaucous 

 beneath. Flowers folitary, terminal, forming a fort of 

 cylinder, yellow. Seeds brown, fringed with white hairs. 



10. S. tinaoria. Dyers' Spilanthus. Mart. Mill. Diet. 

 n. 5. Loureir. Cochinch. 484. — Leaves lanceolate, fer- 

 rated, fmooth. Stem diffufe. Flowers numerous, ter. 

 minal. — Found on cultivated ground, in China and Cochin- 

 china. Stem herbaceous, three feet high, rather procumbent, 

 round. Leavet oppofite, fmooth, rather fucculent, bright 

 green. Flowers of a blueifli-white hue. The leaves when 

 bruifed yield a fine blue colour, whence it is cultivated by 

 the natives for dyeing. This is very clofely allied to 6". 

 Acmella. 



SPILBACH, in Geography, a town of Bavaria, in the 

 territory of Rothenburg ; 4 miles W.N.W. of Rothen- 

 burg. 



SPILE, 



