S P I 



for ufe. The large outer leaves are ilill only to be 

 gathered, except where the plants ftand too ti:ick in the 

 crops. 



Sa-vtng 5W.— The feed being perfeftly ripe in the plants 

 which are left for this purpofe, which IhouW always be 

 thofe of the molt ftocky growth, and which have the 

 largeft, the moll: expanded, and the thickeft leaves, is eahly 

 known by its turning of a brown colour, and hardening in 

 the tops of the feed-ftalks. The plants of the winter 

 crops moftiv run up i^rft to form feed-ltalks, being foon, 

 however, followed by thofe of the fpring-fowings, and they 

 are commonly loaded with plenty of well-ripened fertile 

 feed? about the clofe of July or beginning of the following 

 month. In this ftate the ftalks are to be pulled up and 

 fpread out to dry for a few day^-, turning them as it may 

 be necefl'ary, in order to fully dry and harden the whole 

 of the feed in a proper manner. They are then to be beat 

 or threfhed out from the feed-ftalks upon a cloth, and put 

 up in bags to be kept in a dry fituation for ule. 



The feed which is newly faved is excellent for fowing the 

 winter crops with, provided it be ripe in due time. It 

 will, however, remain perfeftly good until the following 

 year's fowing, but fhould not be trutted to when more 

 than one year old, as new feed is always of material import- 

 ance in this culture. 



It is proper and neceflary, in raifing the feed of the dif- 

 ferent varieties, to have the plants of the different forts, in 

 different fituations, at fome confiderable diltance from each 

 other, in order to prevent injury and degeneracy, by the 

 farina of one fort being difperled over the other. 



The plants of the different kinds are readily diftinguifli- 

 able when they are in flower, and the male plants, after 

 they have difperfed their farina, are in fome diftridts, where 

 the providing of this fort of feed is an objeft, drawn out, fo 

 as to leave more room for the feed-plants. Sec Spinach. 



SPINADESCO, in Geography, a town of Italy, in the 

 department of the Upper Po ; 4 miles W. of Cremona. 



SPINjE, in Ancient Geogrnphy, a ftation in the ijth 

 and T4th Iter of Antonine's Itinerary of Britain, between 

 Durocornovium or Cirencefter and Calleva or Silchefter in 

 the former, and CmicUio or Marlborough and Calleva in 

 the latter, and correfpondinp; to Speen, near Newbury, 

 (which fee.) The number of miles between Cirencefter 

 and Speen being only 15, which gives too fmall a dillance. 

 Dr. Stukeley fuppofes that a ftation is omitted between 

 thcfe two places ; but Mr. Horfl'-y conjcftures, that the 

 numerals oppolltc to Spinis (hould have been 35. 



SPINAL Arteries, in Anntomy, are two arteries, one 

 anterior and one polterior, ,both produced by the verte- 

 brales ; each of which, as fpon as it enters the cranium, 

 fends out a fmall branch, by the union of which the pof- 

 rerior fpinalis is formed. Afterwards the vertebrales ad- 

 vancing on the apophyfis bafilaris, or produftion of the 

 occipital bone, detach backward two other fmall branches, 

 which iikewiie meet, and bv their union form the fpinalis 

 anterior. Tlicfe fpinal arteries run down on the fore and 

 back fides of the medulla fpinalis, and by fmall tranfvcrle 

 ramifications, communicate with thofe which the intercoital 

 and Itlmbar arteries fend to the fame part. See Arteky, 

 Bratk, and Si'IVe. 



Spinal Marroiu. See Medulla Spinalis, Medullary 

 Syjlem, and Brain. 



Spik.^L Muj'dcs, arc thofe vertebral mufcles which are 

 ■wholly fixed in the fpinal apophyfis. See Muscle and 

 Spine. 



Spinal Nerves. See Nerve and Spine. 



Spinal Apparatus, a machine for affording fupport to 



S P I 



the fpine, and imagined by certain praftitioners to be ule- 

 ful in cafes of difeafe and dillortion of the vertebra. 



SPINALIS, in Anatomy, a mufcie on the fide of the 

 neck, arifing from the five fuperior procedes of the ver- 

 tebra of the thorax, and the inferior of the neck ; an3 

 which in its alcent, becoming more flefliy, is inferted into 

 the inferior part of tlie vertebrx of the neck laterally. 

 It ferves to draw the neck backwards. See Spine. 



Spin.\lis cervicis, a name given by Albinus to a mufcie 

 of the neck, called by Fallopius the tertium par mufculorum 

 dorji, and by Cowper and Morgagni, fpinalis colli. 



This is the mufcie, which the French anatomifts call Us 

 vertehraux externes du Jemi-epineux, ou le tranpverfaire epineux 

 ducal. 



Spinales colli minores, mufcles lying between the fix 

 fpinal apophyfes of the neck, and between the laft of the 

 neck and firft of the back ; being inferted in thefe apophyfes 

 by both extremities on one fide of the potterior cervical 

 lijrament, which parts them from thofe of the other fide. 

 They are likewife termed inter fpinales. 



Spinalis dorft, a name given by Albinus to a mufcie 

 of the back, fisjurcd by Eultachiu?, Tah. 37, and called by 

 Fallopius qitinti paris dorJi mufculorum pars implantata infpinas 

 •vertehrjrum thoracis. 



Others, as Spigelius, have called it a part of the femi- 

 Ipinatus, and others a part of the longiffimus dorfi. The 

 French have named it le grand epineux dc dos. 



Spinalis dorfi major, a pretty long and flender mufcie, 

 lying upon the lateral part of the extremities of the fpinal 

 apophyfes of the back. It is compofed of feveral muf- 

 cular fafciculi of different lengths, which crofling each 

 other, are inferted laterally by fmall tendons in the fpinal 

 apophyfes from the iecond, third, or fourth vertebras of 

 the back ; and fometimes, though feldom, from ths laft of 

 the neck, or iirft of the back, all the way to the firlt or 

 Iecond vertebiae of the loins, with feveral irregular decuffa- 

 tions, which vary in difterent fubjefts. The longeft fafci- 

 culi are all a little incurvated, and the whole mufcie termi- 

 nates in points at its ends, but is confiderably broad in 

 the middle. It communicates by fome fibres with the lon- 

 giffimus dorfi and femi-fpinalis, and fends off fafciculi to 

 feveral tranfverfe apophyles of the back, from the fourth 

 to the eleventh. It is called by fome femi-fpinalis, but 

 very improperly. See Muscle and Spine. 



Spinalis, femi, colli, and dorfi. See Se.mi-spinalis. 



Spinales dorfi minores. Theie mufcles are of two kinds; 

 fome go laterally from the extremity of one fpinal apophyfis 

 to another, being often mixed with the fhort fafciculi of 

 the fpinalis major ; the rell lie direftly between the ex- 

 tremities of two neighbouring fpinal apophyfes, being fepa- 

 rated from thofe on the other fide by the fpinal ligament. 

 Thefe are fmaller and thinner than thofe of the neck, and 

 are properly enough termed interfpinaks. See Muscle and 

 Spine. 



Spinales et Iranfverfales lumborum. There are fome faf- 

 ciculi which run up from the fuperior falfe fpines of the 

 OS facrum to the lower fpinal apophyfes of the loins, which 

 may be looked upon as fo ma.ny fpinales lumborum majores ; 

 and there are alfo fome fpinales lumborum minores between 

 the fpinal apophyfes of the loins, and tranf-verfales minores 

 between the tranfverfe apophyfes, which are fometimes of 

 a confiderable breadth. See Spine. 



Spinalis Medulla. Sec Medulla, &c. 



SPINA-LONGA, in Geography, a fea-port town and 

 citadel, fituated near a cape of tiie lame name, on the ifland 

 ot Candia, with a good harbour, formerly the fee of a bifhop; 

 30 miles E. of Candia. The harbour is formed by a penin- 



12 fulo, 



