' S P I 



Spirit, Privatt, is a terra that made a great figure in 

 the controverfies of the two lalt centuries. It fignifies the 

 particular fenfe or notion each perfon has of the dogmata 

 of faith, and the truths of rehgion, as fuggeded by his 

 own thoughts, and the perfuafion he is under with regard 

 to them. 



The firfl reformers denying ftrenuoufly any infallible in- 

 terpreter of the fcripture, or any fettled judge of contro- 

 verfies, maintained, that every perfon was to interpret and 

 judge of revealed truths by his own hght, alfilted by the 

 grace of God ; and this was what they called private fpirit 

 OT judgment. 



Againil this, the arguments ufed by the Romaniils are, 

 that revealed truths being one and the fame for all be- 

 lievers ; the rule God has given us for judging of them, 

 ought to reprefeiit them to us uniformly, and the fame ; 

 but the private fpirit informs Luther one way, and Zuin- 

 glius another. It divides Oecolampadius, Bucer, Ofiander, 

 &c. And the doftrine it difcovers to the ConfelTionites, is 

 quite different from that it ftiews the Anabaptifts and Men- 

 nonites, in the very fame paflage of fcripture. 



Spirit, Spiiltus, is alfo ufed, in Profody, to fignify the 

 greater or lels degree of breath employed in the pronun- 

 ciation of the initial Greek vowels, and of the letter p. 



In founding the vowels, we may obferve every vowel has 

 its found by a fiinple conformation of the mouth, in which 

 the breath has little or no concern, as being confined in 

 the arteria afpera : the fpirits, or breaths, which are placed 

 on the initial vowels in words, are to denote the force this 

 initial vowel is to have from the breath, when the word is 

 pronounced. If the found of this vowel be fmooth, as all 

 the founds of the vowels naturally are, this is termed ^(V/- 

 tus lenis, a mild breath ; but if this vowel be to be pronounced 

 with a more vehement expulfion of the air, this is termed 

 fpiritus a/per, or a rough breath, or afpirate : and when the 

 afpirate and acute are in the fame fyllable, the mark of the 

 breath, in this initial vowel, only fignifies, that the vowel 

 is to be pronounced with a ftronger breath than the initial 

 mild vowels ; for afpirates do not alter the tone of any fyl- 

 lable, but only ftrengthen, increafe, and fwell the tone. 



SpiRiT-Levil. See Level. 



SpiRiT-/2ooni, in Ship- Building, a fecure apartment built 

 next abaft the after-hold, to contain the fpirits. See Ship- 

 building. 



SPIRITOSO, con Spirito, Ital., in Mufic, fcverally 

 imply animation, fpirit, and fire, in the performance of the 

 movements to which either of thefe terms is prefixed. 



SPIRITU SANTO, or Efpiritu Santo, (which fee,) in 

 Geography, a fea-port of Brazil, in the governincnt of 

 Rio Janeiro, fituated on the fouth fide of a large bay, 

 about three leagues from the ocean, but having neither walls 

 nor fortifications, except a fmall ruinated calUe ; fo that 

 its defence confiils in the bravery of its inhabitant,-, who 

 amount to about 900. The port is a fmall bay, opening to 

 the eaft, and interlefted with many fmall illaiids. At the 

 top of a mountain, at foine dillance from the town, is a 

 large white tower, which the Portuguefe call Noitra Sen- 

 hora de Pena, and near it a imall church, furroundcd with 

 a wall. At the foot of the mountain are ftill to be fecn 

 a few old licufes, the melancholy remains of a place once 

 called Villa Vcja, or the Old City. S. lat. 20° 8'.— Alfo, 

 a town of the ifland of Cuba; 155 miles E.S.E. of Havan- 

 nah. N. lat. 22° 15'. W. long. 79^ 47'. — Alfo, a town 

 of Peru ; 8 miles W. of Potofi. — Alfo, a town of Chili ; 

 60 miles from Coquirabo. — Alfo, a river of Mexico, which 

 runs ijito the Pacific ocean, N. lat. 23^. W. long. 106" 40'. 

 — Alio, a town of Mexico, in the province of Mechoacan; 



S P I 



65 miles E.N.E. of Zacatula.— Alfo, a river of Brafil, 

 wliich runs into the Atlantic, S. lat. 20° 10'. — Alfo, a lake 

 of Eall Florida, near the fouthern extremity. 



SriRiTu Santo Bay, called alfo Tampay bay, and Hillf- 

 borough bay, a large bay on the well coaft of Eafl. Florida. 

 N. lat. 28=-. W. long. 82' 45'. 



Spmutu Santo IJlands, or /InJms, a chain of iflands, 

 fituated to the foutti-weit of the Bahamas ; the largeft 

 about 40 miles in lengtli, and eight in breadth. N. lat. 

 24= to 25= 12'. W. long. 77° to 78° 15'. 



SPIRITUAL Friars. See Franciscans. 



SPIRITUALITIES of a bilhop, are fuch profits as 

 arife to him from the benefit of his jurifdiftion in his dio- 

 cefe, and not as a baron of parliament. 



Such are thofe of his vifiLations, inftitutions, ordinations, 

 prefentation-money, &c. 



Spiritualities, Guardian of the. See Guardian. 



SPIRITUALIUM Gustos. See Gustos. 



SPIRITU ALIZATION, in Chcmiftry, the aftion of 

 extrafting fpirits from natural bodies. See Spirit. 



Spirituahzation is an operation that belongs principally 

 to fermented falts, and then to fermented juices and li- 

 quors ; the fermentation rendering the fpirits volatile and 

 inflammable. 



Spirit ot wine is fometimes fpiritualized to that degree, 

 that upon throwing a quantity into the air, not a drop (hall 

 fall down ; but the whole evaporate, and be lolt. 



SPIRITUS. See Spirit. 



SPIRKET, in Rural Economy, a term applied to a 

 hook to hang any thing upon, as the cart-geer, &c. in 

 itables and other places. 



SPIRKETTING, in Ship-Building, a thick ftrake, or 

 ftrakes, wrought withinfide upon the ends of the beams or 

 water-ways. Spirkettings under ports reach from the 

 water-ways to the upper fide of the lower fill, which it 

 generally of two ftrakes, wrought top and butt. 



SPIRTING Cucumber, m Botany, a fpecies of momor- 

 dica ; which fee. 



SPISE, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the kingdom 

 of Ningo, in the interior part of the Gold Coaft. 



SPISSUM, in the Ancient Mujic, was ufed to fignify 

 thofe two fmaller conjunft intervals of a tetrachord, which, 

 taken together, were lefs than the third. 



The Greek term for this was ctkh-.oj. This happened ia 

 the enharmonic, and the three chromatic genera ; in each of 

 wliich, the interval between the hypate and the lichanoi, was 

 lefs than the interval between the lichang: and the nete. To 

 the fpiiliim was oppofed the non-fpiffum, aVi/xio>, or rarum, 

 as Martianus Capella tranflatcs it. The jcVt/K>..i happened 

 in the two diatonic genera, where the two fmallell intervals 

 were equal to, or greater than the third. They were fup- 

 pofed equal in the diatonicum molle, and greater in the in- 

 tenfum. See Genus. 



SPIT, The, in Geography, a flioal of the Atlantic, near 

 the coaft of South Carolina ; 15 miles S. of Cape Fear. N. 

 lat. 33° 34'. W. long. 78" 10'. 



Spit, in Agriculture and Gardening, the quantity or 

 depth of earth or mould which the fpade takes up at once 

 in digging or delving over ground. Thus, this fort of 

 work is performed to one, two, or more fpits deep, according 

 to circumttances, and the nature of tlie loil and crops- 



SviT-Dung, that fort of dung manure which has under- 

 gone complete fermentation or putrelaction, and is reduced 

 into a fomcwhat earthy Itate, fo as to be dug or taken up 

 by the fpade or fhovel in a fort of fpit manner. 



Svn-Shovel, that fort of tool of the (hovel kind which 



18 employed in digging out or (hovelling up fuch dung, or 



4 D 2 other 



