S P o 



the epifcopal virtues. He died at Touloufe m 1643, at 

 the age of 78. Befides the works mentioned above, he 

 published " Sacred Annals of the Old Teftament to the 

 Time of Jefus Chrift," which arc, properly fpeaking, an 

 abridgment of Tormiel's Annals. His elder brother was 

 author of " Commentaries on Homer ;" " An Account 

 of the Motives which induced him to unite himfelf with the 

 Catholic Church ;" and " An Anfwer to Beza's Treatife 

 on the Marks of the Church." He died in the year 1595. 



SPONDEE, Spond^us, in the Greek and Latin Pro- 

 fody, a foot of verfe, confifting of two long fyllables ; as 

 vertunt, divos, campos. 



The fpondee is a grave meafure : all Greek and Latin 

 hexameters regularly end with a fpondee. 



There are alfo fpondak -verfes ; that is, verfes compofed 

 wholly of fpondees, or, at leaft, that end with two fpondees ; 

 as, 



" Conflitit, atque oculis Phrygia agmina circumfpexit." 



SPONDIAS, in Botany, a name borrowed from the 

 ancient Greeks, whofe a-iroutx.:, or a~7rooia-, was a kind of 

 wild plum, very diilinft, mod afl'uredly, from the prefent 

 Indian genus, though there may be fome fimilarity in their 

 fruits. — Linn. Gen. 229. Schreb. 308. Willd. Sp. PI. 

 v. 2. 750. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 4. Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 v. 3. 108. Juif. 372. Lamarck llluftr. t. 3S4. Gxrtn. 

 t. 103. (Monbin ; Plum. Gen. 44. t. 22.) — Clafs and 

 order, Decandria Pentagynla. Nat. Ord. uncertain, Linn. 

 Terebintacea: ? Jufl. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, fome- 

 what bell-fhaped, fmall, five-cleft, coloured, deciduous. 

 Cor. Petals live, oblong, flat, fpreading. Stam. Filaments 

 ten, awl-fhaped, ereft, fhorter than the corolla, the alter- 

 nate ones longer; anthers oblong. PiJ}. Germen ovate; 

 ftyles five, fliort, diltant, ereft ; ftigmas obtufe. Perk. 

 Drupa large, oblong, marked with five fears from the fall 

 of the ityles. Seed. Nut ovate, woody, fibrous, with five 

 imperfeft angles, and five cells. 



Obf. Juflieu remarks, that the ftamens are inferted into 

 a glandular diflv ; or, in Linnsan language, receptacle of 

 the flower ; probably a neftary. 



Efl". Ch. Calyx five-toothed. Petals five, Drupa fu- 

 perior, with a nut of five cells. 



1. S. ATomlin. Spanifh Plum. Linn. Syft. Nat. ed. 10. 

 V. 2. 1036. Syft. Veg. ed. 14. 428. Willd. n. i. (S. 

 purpurea; Linn. Sp. PI. 613. S. Myrobalanns ; Jacq. 

 Amer. 139. t. 88. S. n. i ; Browne Jam. 228. Myro- 

 balanns minor, folio fraxini alato, fruflu purpureo, officulo 

 magno fibrofo ; Sloane Jam. v. 2. 126. t. 219. f . 3 — 5.) 

 Common footllalk comprelTed. Clufters much flinrtcr than 

 the leaves. — Obfervcd by Jacquin to be wild in the ter- 

 ritory of Carthagena, South America, from whence it has 

 been brought into the Weft Indian iflands, in fome of 

 which, particularly Hifpaniola and Jamaica, it abounds, 

 being known by the name of the Spanifh Plum-tree. The 

 tree is various in height, of no regularity of growth, fome- 

 times as tall as thirty feet, with a thick bark, and white 

 brittle wood. Leaves about the ends of the branches, 

 alternate, (lalked, deciduous, pmnatc, four or five inches 

 long, of about ten pair of elliptical (hiniiig, partly ferrated, 

 leaflets, an inch long, with an odd one of the fame fize. 

 Flo'wers fmall, red, in ihort clufters, appearing before the 

 leaves. Fruit ovate, purple, above an inch long, acid, with 

 a fingular but agreeable aromatic flavour, for which it is 

 muchefteemed. 



2. S. Myrolalanus. Yellow Hog Plum. Linn. Syft. 

 Nat. ed 10, V. 2. 1036. Willd. n. 2. Ait. n. i. (S. 



S P o 



lutea ; Linn. Sp. PI. 613. S. Mombin ; Jacq. Amer. 138. 

 S. n. 2 and 3; Browne Jam. 229. Myrobalanus folio 

 fraxini alato, fruftu luteo, ofliculo magno fibrofo ; Sloane 

 Jam. V. 2. 125. t. 219. f. I, 2. Prnnus americana ; Me- 

 rian Surin. t. 13.) — Common footllalk round. Leaflets 

 pointed, four or five pair. Clufters compound, about as 

 long as the leaves. — Native of South America ; cultivated 

 in the Weft Indies. Miller had it alive at Chelfea in 1739. 

 This is defcribed as a tree refembling a common Wahnit- 

 tree in fize and appearance, while the ample clufters of 

 pale yellowifh foiuers are much like Elder, except in 

 having no fmcU. The lea-ves arc twice the fize of the fore- 

 going, with pointed, lefs ferrated, leaflets. Fruit yellow, 

 two inches long, m large clufters, its pulp fragrant, fweet, 

 and agreeable, but the great fize and fibrous nature of the 

 (tones render it not commodioufly eatable. Hogs are fat- 

 tened with thefe plums in Jamaica. We cannot but obferve 

 that Linnxus has changed his own original names of thefe 

 two fpecies, much for the worfe ; and thofe he has given 

 are the more unfortunate, as they are diredly contrary to 

 what Jacquin had previoufly adopted. 



3. S. Mangifera. Eaft Indian Spondias. Willd. n. 3. 

 (S. amara; Lamarck Dift. v. 4. 261. Mangifera pinnata ; 

 Linn. Suppl. 156. Retz. Obf. fafc. 5. 4. Ambalam ; 

 Rheede Hort. Malab. v. i. 91. t. 50, not 51.) — Common 

 footftalk round. Leaflets entire, pointed, about three 

 pair. Clufters repeatedly compound. — Native of the Eaft 

 Indies, flowering in January and July, and bearing two 

 crops of fruit. This is difficult to diftmguifh by a fpecific 

 charafter from the laft, though widely diff"erent in many 

 refpefts. That they are one genus, there can be no doubt. 

 The trun\ is a foot in diameter. I^ea-ves of three pair, 

 befides an odd one, of elliptical, pointed, entire, fmooth, 

 pliant leaflets, each four or five inches long, with one rib, 

 and many parallel tranfverfe veins. Rheede fays they are 

 agreeably acid. Chijlers hardly fo long as the leaves, 

 thrice compound ; their principal branches alternate, widely 

 divaricated, fmooth, purplifti ; flower-ftalks crowded, brac- 

 teated, very ftiort, but much elongated and fpreading when 

 in fruit. Floiuers fmall and pale, fomctimes fix-cleft. 

 Fruit oval, of a yellowifh-green, an inch and a half long, 

 eatable and agreeably fragrant. The Cat-Amlalam, Rheede 

 p. 93, fecms to be the wild ftate of the fame tree. 



4. S. dulcis. Otahcitc Apple. Forft. Prod. 34. PI. 

 Efe. 33. Willd. n. 4. Ait. n. 2. (S. cytherea ; Son- 

 nerat Ind. Or. v. 2. 222. t. 123. Lamarck Dift. v. 4. 260. 

 Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. v. 3. 12. t. 272.)— Common foot- 

 ftalk round. Leaflets ferrated, about fix pair. Clultcri 

 repeatedly compound, fpreading. — Native of Otahcitc, from 

 whence it has been tranfportcd to the Mauritius, where alfo 

 the laft-deicribed fpecies is cultivated, as appears by fpe- 

 cimens from Commerfon marked Evia Amra ; for he dif- 

 tmguiftied the two. The prefent is a large ereft tree, with 

 brittle wood. Its leajlels arc ferrated, twice as numerous, 

 and not half the fize of the Lift. Floiuers fmall, wliitifti. 

 Fruit oval, orange-coloured, twice as big as the laft, aro- 

 matic and eatable, refembling an apple in flavour, and by 

 fome voyagers much commended. Forfter compares it» 

 taftc to a pine-apple, and praifes its falubrity. Sonnerat 

 fays it is like a rennet apple, but not fo good ; at leaft in 

 the Mauritius. — This fruit has ripened in the ttovcs at 

 Schoenbrun. 



Spondias, in Gardening, contains plants of the exotic 

 tree kind, of wiiicli tlie fpecies cultivated is the purple hog- 

 plum, or Spaiiifti plum (S. mombin). 



This plant is cultivated in its native ftate by many for 

 the fake of the fruit, which is pretty pleafant. And there 



