S P R 



the contents of the cart, he raifes the box or body-part of 

 it, putting the rod or piu into the firit nick or liole, and 

 makrs the firll heap ; and then moves on to the place or 

 dillancc .vticre he intends to put down the fecond, when he 

 again raiks the iame part of the cart to tlie fecond nick ; 

 continuing the fame metliod until the whole of the contents 

 be difcha'-ged or fct out. 



In fprt-ading out iiianui'e on the f\irface of arable land, 

 where it is to be turned into the foil by the plough, fo much 

 exactnefs is not neceffary ; though it Ihould aKvays be done 

 in as even and regular a manner, and to as equal a thickncfs, 

 as poflible. And on ridges, efpecially where they are rather 

 narrow, care Ihould be taken that it does not fall into the 

 ridge-furrows, by carefully fpieading it out at iirit all along 

 the borders of them in a regular manner. In cafes where it 

 is to be placed and fpre.id out in drills or furrows made for 

 the purpofe, it fiiould conftantly be executed in as even a 

 manner, in regard to thicknels, as it wiU readily permit, 

 and in a way which will allow of its being covered in as com- 

 pletely as poflible, as it is equally waileful and difgraceful 

 to have it preft-nting itfelf externally. 



In fpreading different forts of materials of the manure 

 kind over grafs-land, it is always neceffary to fee that the 

 work be performed in an exaft and even manner, as well as 

 that all the lumps and clods be well broken down, and as 

 much reduced as poflible, by beating them with the fork or 

 fliovel, or in fome other way. On arable as well as grafs- 

 land, as favourably dry a feafon as can be obtained fhould 

 moftly be chofen for this fort of work. In wet feafons, the 

 materials clog and hang about the feet and tools of the 

 workman, and are never capable of being fo divided as to 

 be fpread out with the neceffary degree of evennefs and 

 regularity, efpecially on grafs-land. On this fort of land, 

 when the heaps have been fet out, they fhould never be fuf- 

 fered to remain fo long as is too frequently the cafe, before 

 they are fpread out, as the grafs-plants underneath them 

 become blanched and tender, and are liable to be deftroyed ; 

 great injury being often done to the furface or fward, in 

 fuch cafes. In fpreading manure from the carts, injuries 

 of this nature are likewife prevented, as is found in the mid- 

 land and fome other dillritts, where the pratlice prevails ; 

 but in this mode, it is probable, the work can neither be 

 performed in fo perfect a manner, nor with fo much economy 

 of time and labour. In this manner, the inconvenience of 

 hill or heap-lteads will, however, be avoided ; and, of courfe, 

 the difadvantage ot their getting too large a proportion of 

 manure guarded againit and prevented 



The tools mofUy employed in this fort of work are thofe 

 of the dung-fork and the fliovel, but others are occafionally 

 ufed for particular forts of manure. 



After the fubltances of this kind have been fpread out in 

 this manner on grafs-land, they may often be farther ufe- 

 fuUy reduced and diltributed, by pafling a bufh-harrow 

 over them a few times in a dry feafon, fome weeks after the 

 fpreading has been performed. 



Where manure, in its more recent or frcfh flate, is cm- 

 ployed either on arable or grafs-land, more attention will be 

 neceffary in fpreading it out over or into the land, fo tiiat 

 it may be done in an even and perfedl manner. See Yahd- 

 Dung. 



SPREE, or Sprehe, in Geegraphy, a river which rifes 

 on the frontiers of Bohemia, crofles Lufatia, enters the mar- 

 quilate of Brandenburg, and, after pafling by Berlin, joins 

 the Havel at Spandau. 



SPREMBEllG, or Sfrehenbehc, or Grodk, a town 

 of Lufatia, on the river Spree, which gives name to a circle, 

 or dillrift; 29 miles S.S.W of Guben. N. lat. 51^32'. 



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E. long. 14'' 25'.— Alfo, a town of Saxony, at the fource 

 of the Spree ; 28 miles E. of Drefden. 



SPREMONT, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Ourte, feated on a brook vvhicli runs into the Ourte, and 

 together with a fmall country, called the " Ban of Spre- 

 mont," infulated within the bilhopric of Liege; 13 miles 

 S.W. of Liege. 



SPRENDLINGEN, a town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Rhine and Mofelle ; 8 miles E. of Creutznach. 



SPRENGELIA, in Botany, received that name from 

 the writer of this article, in honour of Mr. Chriltian Conrad 

 Sprengel, maflcr ot a grammar-fchoid at Spai.dow, in Bran- 

 denburgh, who publilhed at Berlin, in 1793, ^ ™°'^ ■"" 

 genious work, on the manner in which infeits promote the 

 impregnation of plants. This faft is illuflrated by feveral 

 hundred particular examples, accompanied with figures of 

 each. Dr. Curtius Sprengel, now Profeflor of Botany at 

 Halle, may alio claim his fhare of botanical commemoration 

 in the above name. His ProJromus of a work on the ar- 

 rangement of Umbelliferous Plants, publilhed in 1813, to 

 fay nothing of his letters on Cryptogamic Vegetables, and 

 his edition of the Philo/ophia Botanka of Linnsus, may well 

 entitle him to fuch diltiiiAion. — Sm. in the Stockholm 

 Tranfaftions for 1794, 260. t. 8. Trads relating to Nat. 

 Hiil. 269. WiUd. Sp. PI. V. I. 833. Ait. Hort. Kew. 

 V. I. 320. Brown Prodr. Nov. HoU. v. i. 5^4. (Poi- 

 retia ; Cavan. Ic. v. 4. 24.) — Clafs and order, Pentandr'ia 

 Monogynia. Nat. Ord. Erica, Jufl. Epacr'tJete, Brown. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, of one leaf, chaffy, 

 coloured, in five deep, equal, lanceolate fegments, ereft 

 after flowering, permanent. Cor. of one petal, wheel- 

 fliaped, beardlefs, in five very deep equal fegments, the 

 length of the calyx. Neftary none. Slam. Filaments five, 

 inferted into the receptacle, linear, flat, fmooth, fliorter 

 than the corolla ; anthers vertical, oblong, parallel, more 

 or lefs combined, of one cell. Pifl. Gcrmen fuperior, 

 roundifh, deprefled, with five furrows ; llyle fimple, cylin- 

 drical, about as long as the ftamens ; fligma obtufe. Peric. 

 Capfule fomewhat cylindrical, obtufe, with live furrows, of 

 five valves and five cells, the partitions longitudinal, from 

 the centre of each valve. Sc:Js numerous, roundifh, mi- 

 nute, inferted into the angles of the central column, which 

 is fhorter than the valves. 



Eff. Ch. Calyx in five deqp fegments, permanent, 

 coloured. Corolla wheel-fhapcd, in five deep fegments, 

 beardlefs. Stamens inferted into the receptacle. Anthers 

 converging or combined. Nettary none. Capfule of five 

 valves and five cells, the partitions from the middle of each 

 valve. 



I. &. mcarnala. Flefli-coloured Sprengelia. Sm. Trafts, 

 272. t. 2. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. i. Br. n. I. Andr. 

 Repof. t. 2. (Poiretia cucullata ; Cavan. Ic. t. 343. 

 I^amarck Didl. v. 5. 449.) — Anthers combined, hairy. 

 Calyx entirely coloured. Points of the leaves elongated. — 

 Native of Port Jackfon, New South Wales; found alto by 

 Mr. Brown in Van Diemen's ifland, and on the fouth coalt 

 of New Holland. Meflrs. Lee and Kennedy railed the 

 plant in 1793, and in their grcCTihoufes it ftill flouriflies, 

 flowering from April to June. This is a pretty and lingular 

 Jhrub, about two tcLthigh, rigid and much branched, leafy, 

 ever-green, very fmooth ; tiie branches round. Lcavct al- 

 ternate, flieathing, fomctimcs imbricated in three ranks, 

 recurved, lanceolate, acute, concave, entire, very fmooth, 

 rather glaucous, withcjut rib or veins, tawny when faded, 

 and finally loofened at their bafe, fo as to turn round on the 

 branch. St'ipulas none. Flwwcrs terminating the nuincroue, 

 fhort, crowded, lateral branches, clothed with fmaller 



Icavea, 



