S QU 



Square Root, a number confidered as the root of a fe- 

 cond power or fquaie number: or a number, by whole 

 multiplication into itfelf a fquare number is generated. See 



To exlraa the Square Root out of any given Number, fee 

 Extraction of Roots. 



Square, Norma, is an inftrument made of wood or me- 

 tal, fervin^ to defcribe and meafure right angles ; luch is 

 LEM, PlateXlV. Geometry, fg. 10. 



It confills of two rules or branches fattened perpendicu- 

 larly at one of their extremes. When the two branches are 

 moveable on ajoint, it is called a bevel. 



To examine whether or not a fquare be exaft, defcribe a 

 femicircle, A E F, of any length, at pleafure ; and therein, 

 from each extreme of the diameter, A and F, draw right 

 lines to a point taken at pleafure in the periphery, as E : 

 to the fides of the angle, A E F, apply the fquare, fo as 

 its vertex may fall on F. If this be poflible, that fquare is 

 juft. 



Square, The, an inttrument ufed in drawing, which con- 

 fills of a fiat ruler hg {fg. 1 1.), at one end of which are 

 fattened two tranfverfe pieces ; one of them, a b, fixed at 

 right angles to it, and the other, c d, moveable round the 

 centre/, fo as to be fixed at any angle required. Thefe 

 tranfverfe pieces are applied clofe to the fide of the drawing- 

 board, which is a fmooth board made in the form of a fquare, 

 or parallelogram, while the ruler lies upon it ; and by Aiding 

 them along the board, lines may be dr.iwn parallel to one 

 another with much lefs trouble than by the help of a paral- 

 lel ruler. By the fixed tranfverfe, lines may be drawn pa- 

 rallel to one fide of the board, and perpendicular to the 

 other ; and, by the moveable tranfverfe, lines that have any 

 degree of obhquity to the fides of the boards, may be 

 drawn parallel to one another : and if, without moving the 

 tranfverfe, the ruler be removed to the other fide of the 

 board, lines may be drawn perpendicular to them. But if 

 the obliquity be very great, it will be impofTible to apply the 

 fquare, fo as to interfeft the lines at right angles in fome 

 parts of the board. In this cafe recourfe muft be had to a 

 parallel ruler. 



Square, Geometrical, a compartiment frequently added 

 on the face of the quadrant, called alio line of Ihadows and 

 quadrant. 



Square, Gunner's. See Quadrant. 



Squares, Magic. See Magic Square. 



Square, in Glafs-Mah'mg, an inftrument with which the 

 conciator, or founder, ftirs and mixes together the metal, 

 when in fufion in the melting-pots. When this inftrument is 

 grown red-hot, it is always to be quenched in a pail of 

 water, otherwife the metal will ftick to it. 



Square, in the Manege, is ufed for working in a fquare. 

 The piite or tread of a volt, inftead of being always circu- 

 lar, and traced upon a circumference round a centre, ought 

 to be imagined as if it formed four ftraight equal lines laid 

 in a fquare, and equally removed from the centre or the 

 pillar, which reprelents it in the middle of the manege- 

 ground ; fo that, to work in a fquare, is to ride along each 

 of thefe four lines, turning the hand at every corner, andfo 

 patting from one line to another. 



Square, The, in the Military Art, a particular form into 

 which troops are thrown on critical occafions ; particularly 

 to refill the charge of cavalry. 



Square Battalion, Hollow, and Solid, See the feveral 

 articles. 



Square Cap. See Cap. 



Squark CharaBer, See Hebrew^ 



S Q U 



Square Fool, Nails, Niche, Pedeflal, Pillar, Roof, and 

 Winditig flairs. See the fubftantives. 



Square, in Sea Language, z term peculiarly appropriated 

 to the yards and their fails, implying that they hang at right 

 angles with the maft or keel, or that they are of greater ex- 

 tent than ufual. 



Thus, when the yards are fo balanced by their lifts, as to 

 hang at right angles with the maft, they are faid to be fquare 

 by the lifts; when they hang perpendicular to the ihip's 

 length, they are called fquare by the braces ; but when they 

 lie in a direftion perpendicular to the plane of the keel, they 

 are fquare by the lifts and braces ; or, in other words, they 

 hang direftly acrofs tlie ftiip, and parallel to the horizon. 



The yards are faid to be very fquare when they are of ex- 

 traordinary length ; and the fame epithet is then applied to 

 their fails, which by confequence acquire an additional 

 breadth. 



Square nf an Anchor, denotes the upper part of the 

 (hank. See Anchor. 



SQUARE-5o</y, in Ship- Building, all the midrtiip part of 

 the (hip, or that between the cant-bodies, whofe timbers 

 ftand at right angles, or fquare with the keel. 



SovARE-Maker, a ihipwright, who cuts the butts of the 

 planks when required to receive the oakum, and prepares the 

 work ready for the caulkers. 



S(iVA.v.t,- Ribbands, the fame as horizontal ribbands. See 

 Ribbands. 



QovAU^-Rlgged, is an epithet applied to a ftiip which 

 has long yards at right angles with the length of the deck, 

 and low mafts ; and hence it is ufed in contradiftinftion to all 

 vefiels whofe fails are extended by ftays or lateen-yards, or 

 by booms and gaffs ; the ufual fituation of which is nearly 

 in the plane of the keel. 



Hence, fquare-fail is a fail extended to a yard, which 

 hangs parallel to the horizon, as dittinguifhed from the 

 other fails, which are extended by booms and ftays, placed 

 obliquely. This fail is only ufed in fair winds, or to feud 

 under in a tempeft. In the former cafe it is furniftied with 

 a large additional part, called the bonnet, which is then at- 

 tached to its bottom, and removed when it is neceflary to 

 feud. Falconer. 



SavAR'E-Sterned, a term applied to (hips having broad 

 fterns, and the butts of the planks of the bottom ending on 

 the wing-tranfom. All Britiih fhips are now built upon this 

 principle, whilit many of other nations are ftill conilrufted 

 by the ancient methods ; hence we fo frequently hear the 

 phrafe of " fquare-lterned and Brititti-built," as our prac- 

 tice in this refpeft juftly claims the fuperiority over that of 

 all other nations. 



SQUARE-77mfcrj, the timbers which ftand at right aagles, 

 or fquare with the keel. See Square-5o<^. 



Square-Tuc^, a name given to the after-part of a vettisl's 

 bottom, when terminated in the fame direftion up anddovm 

 as the wing-tranfom ; and the planks of the bottom end in a 

 rabbet at the fore-fide of the fafliion-piece. 



Square Handherchlef, in Geography, a clufter of iflets 

 and rocks in the Atlantic, formerly called " Bazos de Ba- 

 buca ;" extending above loo miles in circumference. N. 

 lat. 21°. W. long. 69°. 



Square Ifland, a fmall ifland in the N. part of lake Su- 

 perior. N. lat. 48° 40'. W. long. 87° 22'.— Alfo, an 

 ifland near the E. coaft of Labrador. N. lat. 52° 54'. W. 



lo"g- 55° 34'- 



SQUARING, in Mathematics. See Quadrature. 



Squaring /Ae Circle, is the making a fquare whofe area 

 (hall be equal to the area of a given circle; 



The bell mathematiciaus have found it impollible to folve 



this 



