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feren days ; tlien exprefling the liquor, and adding to it 

 3 oz. of alcohol ; and when the feculencies have fubfided, 

 pouring off the clear fluids. 



The " acetum fcillae," or vinegar of fquill, of the Dub. 

 Ph. is obtained by digefting half a pound of frefh fquill 

 root (bulb) dried, with three pints of wine vinegar, for four 

 days in a glafs velFel, with frequent agitation ; then exprefF- 

 ing the vinegar ; and, after the feculencies have fubfided, 

 adding to it four fluid-ounces of reftified fpirit. 



This has been long ufed as an expeftorant and diuretic in 

 chronic catarrh, humoral aithma, and dropfics. The dofe 

 is from fjfs to fjij, given in cinnamon or mint-water. In 

 large dofes it produces vomiting, and is occafionally ufed as 

 an emetic in the above-mentioned difeafes, when the ftomach 

 is loaded. For the " oxvmel of fquill," fee Oxymel Scilla. 

 For the " pills of fquillj" fee Pills. 



The " pulvis fcillse," or powder of fquill, of the Dub. 

 Ph. is prepared by freeing fquill roots (bulbs) from their 

 membranous integuments, and cutting them in tranfverfe 

 dices, then drying them upon a fieve with a low degree of 

 heat ; and afterwards reducing them to powder, which 

 muft be preferved in well-ilopped glafs phials. 



The " fyrupus fcills maritimae," or fyrup of fquill, of 

 the Edinb. Ph. is formed of 2 lbs. of vinegar of fquill and 

 3ilbs. of refined fugar powdered ; diffolving the fugar by 

 a gentle heat, fo as to make a fyrup. This fyrup has the 

 fame properties, ar.d is ufed for the fame purpofes, as the 

 oxymel of fquill. The dofe is from fzj to fyij, given in 

 any aromatic diftillcd water. 



The " tinfture of fquills" of the Lond. and Dub. Ph. 

 is prepared by macerating 40Z. of recent fquill root (bulb) 

 dried, with two pints of proof-fpirit, for 14 days, and filter- 

 ing. The Dub. Ph. direfts digeilion for feven days, fet- 

 ting it afide until the dregs are fubfided, and pouring off the 

 clear liquor. The dofe is from 1^ x to IVj, xxx, given in 

 almond mixture, ammoniac mixture, or mucilage. Lewis. 

 Woodville. Thomfon. 



Squills, Wine of, is an infufion of the roots of fquills 

 in white wine for forty days, after which the fquills are 

 taken out, and the liquor preferved for ufe. It is a gentle 

 emetic, and is good againft defluxions of rheum. 



Squill, IVhlte, Leffer, in Botany, a fpecies oi pancratium ; 

 which fee. 



Squill, Squ'dla, in Natural Hijlory, a large clafs of ani- 

 mals, comprehending the (hrimp, or cancer crangon ; the craw- 

 fifli, or cancer Jluviatihs, or cancer ajlacus of Linnaeus ; the 

 crab, or canrfry \(it>'^e.x, ox cancer gammarus ; prawn, or cancer 

 fqu'iUa, The fqu'iUa is alfo a genus defcribed under Can- 

 cer : all which, according to Dr. Hill, make only one 

 genus of infefls of the podaria kind. They properly be- 

 long to the genus of Canceu, under which they are de- 

 fcribed. 



SQUILLA, in Botany and Gardening. See Scilla. 



Squill A ylqus Dulcis, or frejh-ivater Jhrimp. Few 

 perfons are aware of the damage done by the frefli-water 

 (hrimp among the fmall fry of fifh. This infeft is com- 

 monly very plentiful in ttanding waters, and particularly in 

 breeding-ponds, where they always have their prey in plenty 

 before them ; and often fuffer none, or fcarcely any of the 

 numerous young fry hatched from the fpawn of carp and 

 tench, to live to grow up. They may be obferved follow- 

 ing the flioals of the young fry, and fcizing multitudes one 

 after another ; and at other times lurking among the weeds 

 to feize fuch as draggle by themtelves. If one of thefe in- 

 fefts be put into a bafin of water with a dozen or two of 

 thefe young fifh, though as big as itfelf, it will very 



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foou dettroy them all. They kiir numbers that they can- 

 not eat, but leave them to rot. 



SQUILLACE, in Geography, a fea-port town of Na- 

 ples, in Calabria Ultra, built on the verge of a rocky 

 mountain, Hoping to the call, about three miles from the 

 fea ; and giving name to a gulf of the Mediterranean. It 

 is the fee of a bilhop, fuffragan of Reggio, and contains 

 eleven pariihes and lix convents. Virgil, for reafons un- 

 known, gave this city the epithet of " Navifragum," 

 breaker of fliips, as there are no hidden or apparent dangers 

 attending the approach of vefiels ; and we cannot fuppofe, 

 that this correft poet ihould be fo negligent, as to confound 

 the capacious bay of " Scyllacxum," as this is called, with 

 the narrow pafs of Scylla in the Faro of Meffina. In form- 

 ing the body of Grecian commonwealths on the Italian 

 (liores, Athens furnilhed emigrants for Scyllacaeum ; but 

 this fettlement never made any figure in the confederacy. 

 Rome fent a colony hither. In the year 982 the emperor 

 Otho II. was defeated under its walls by the forces of the 

 Greeks. Montfort obtained this lordfhlp in fee from 

 Charles of Anjou ; but in the next reign it was given to 

 the Marfans. When this powerful houfe was overturned 

 by the Aragonefe, the fief was beftowed upon that of 

 Borgia, and was afterwards veiled in the marquis Gregori, 

 who, from being a commiflioner of the viftualling office at 

 Meffina, rofe to be prime minifter of Naples, and after- 

 wards of Spain. Squillace prides itfelt on having given 

 birth to Caffiodorus, a ftatefman of great abilities, and, con- 

 fidering the times he lived in, a very refpeftable author, be- 

 loved and honoured by Theodoric, and other Gothic mo- 

 narcha. To this town, which was the place of his nativity, 

 he retreated in his old age ; and he amply defcribes it ; 

 33 miles S.S.E. of Cofenza. N. lat. 38° 48'. E. long. 

 16° 44'. 



SQUINANCY, or Esquinancy. See Quinzy. 



SQUINDER, in Rural Economy, a word fignifying to 

 burn inwardly, or in a fmothering manner, as charcoal and 

 fome other fubftances are burnt. 



SQUINTING, in Medicine, Strabifmus, an irregular po- 

 fition and motion of the eyes, in which their axes do not 

 converge to the objeft looked at. 



It is certain, that when the axes of the eyes of perfon* 

 who do not fquint are direfted in different lines, objefts are 

 feen double ; fquinting perfons, however, do not fee objefts 

 double. Yet it is well known that the principal realon 

 which has been adduced for the fingular phenomenon, that 

 the images imprefled upon the two eyes excite only one 

 image in the mind, is, that the two images fall upon corre- 

 fponding points of the eyes. The probability, therefore, 

 is, that, in a fquinting perfon, both eyes do not lee the ob- 

 jeft looked at. In many cafes, indeed, " thii is pretty evi- 

 dent to a by-ftander," as fir E. Home has remarked, " who 

 is able to determine, that the direction of one of the eyes 

 differs fo much from that of the other, that it is impoffible 

 for the rays of light from any objeA to fall on the retinas 

 of both ; and therefore that one eye docs not fee the objeft. 

 The fame thing may be proved in another way. For fince 

 a fmall deviation in the direftion of either eye from the axis 

 of vifion produces double vifion, any greater deviation muil 

 have the fame effeft, only increafing the diilance between the 

 two images, till it becomes fo great, that one eye only is 

 direfted to the objeft. In fquinting there is evidently 3 

 greater deviation from the axis of vifion than in double vifion, 

 and the objetl does not appear double : it is therefore not feen 

 by both eyes." {(See Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixxxvii. for the year 

 '797' P- '3') It^ is manifcit, indeed, that the perception is 

 not ditlinfl ; but this, as Dr. Porterfield remarked, may be 

 4 O 2 the 



