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10. S. mutabilis. Changeable-flowered Baftard Vervain. 

 Vahl n. 10. Ait. n. 4. Curt. Mag. t. 976. (Verbena 

 mutabilii ; Jacq. Coll. v. 2. 334. Ic. Rar t. 207. Andr. 

 Rcpol'. t. 435. Venten. Malmaif. t. 36. Cymburus muta- 

 bihs ; Salif. Parad. I. 49.)— Leaves ovate, ferrated, rugofe, 

 fomewhat hoarv as well as tlie item. Braaeas lanceolate, 

 fhorterthan the'caiyx.— Native of South America. A Itove- 

 plant, flowennjj throughout the fummer, and propagated 

 by cuttings. 'Tliis is larger and more fplendid than any of 

 the foregoing. Leaves often four inches, or more, in length. 

 Siiies a foot long. Flowers large, crimfon, with a central 

 rino- of a blood-red, round the white throat. The corolla 

 fades before it goes off, occalioning a perpetual variety of 

 hues in each fpike. 



11. S. prljmatica. Germander-leaved Baftard Vervain. 

 Vahl n. II. Ait. n. 5. (Verbena prifmatica ; Jacq. Coll. 

 X. 2. 301. Ic. Rar. t. 208. V. fpicata jamaicana, Teucrii 

 pratenfis folio, difpermus ; Pluk. Aim. 382. t. 321. f. i.) 



Leaves ovate, obtufe, ferrated. Spikes lax. Brafteas 



awl-fhaped, ihorter than the calyx. — Native of the Weit 

 Indies. Biennial in our hot-houfes, flowering in May and 

 June. T\iejlem has many fmooth, flender, forked branches. 

 Leaves one or two inches long, green, roughilh, ribbed. 

 Flowers fewer and more difperfed than in the rell, of a 

 violet blue, fmall and rather inconfpicuous. 



12. Si'ifquamofa. Scaly Baftard Vervain. Vahl n. 12. 

 (Verbena Iquamofa ; Jacq. Hort. Schoenbr. v. i. 3. t. 5.) 

 — Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, alternate, with fliallow wavy 

 ierratures. Flower-ftalks axillary, fcaly, much longer than 

 the leaves. Stem flirubby. Corolla ringent. — This flowered 

 in the imperial ftoves at Schoenbrun, but its native country 

 is unknown. We ftiould prefume the plant to be of South 

 America origin. The irancAfj^ are villous. Zcatifj dark green, 

 fpreading, three inches long. Floiuer-Jlalks very peculiar, 

 numerous, from five to ten inches long, hairy, thrcad-ftiaped, 

 foraetimes branched, covered entirely with innumerable clofe 

 braBeas. Flowers very fmall, pale blue ; their upper lip 

 ereft, ftiort, cloven ; lower larger, fpreading, in three cloven 

 fegments. Vahl has doubts refpefting the genus of this 

 plant, its leaves being alternate. We fufpeft it to be more 

 allied to Jiijikia; at leall to the Linnaean J. acaulis, vrhich 

 is Vahl's Elytraria crenata. 



STACK, North, in Geography, a cape on the W. coalt 

 of the ifland of Anglefea ; 2 miles N. of Holyhead. 



Stack, in Agriculture, a quantity of corn, puKe, hay, 

 ftraw, ftubble, or other fimilar material, regularly built or 

 piled up, and generally thatched, as a defence from the 

 weather. Stacks are ot various forms and dimenfions, ac- 

 cording to circumftances ; but for grain, thofe of the long, 

 narrow, fquare ftiape arc probably the moft advantageous, 

 where the quantity of corn is confiderable ; as they are 

 found to ftand more firmly, have a better appearance, are 

 more conveniently and readily built, and prelcrve the grain 

 better than thofe of other forms. And they have the great 

 advantage of requiring lefs thatch, as well as labour in 

 putting it upon them. But where the corn is only in a 

 fmall proportion, the round or oblong ftiape may be more 

 proper and fuitable, as being more readily drawn up in the 

 root ; and the circular, with a conical top and cylindrical 

 body diverging a little at the eaves, is efteemed the beft form 

 of any in luch cafes by the author of the Agricultural Re- 

 port of Perthftiire. For hay, the form of the ftack is a 

 matter of Hill lefs confequence : the long fquare or oblong 

 fliapes are perhaps the moft fafe and convenient, efpecially 

 when not too broad, as they admit the air the moft fully. 

 Befides, they are the moft convenient to cut from in trufling 

 hsy for fide at the market. But the circular form for farm 



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ufe, where ftraw is fcarce, may be more advantageou* in 

 faving ftraw in thatching or covering them. 



Tlie oftagonal form of corn-ftack has fometimes a pleaf- 

 ing and very ornamental effeft in particular circumftances 

 and fituations, efpecially in the ftack-yards of the farms 

 about country feats and refidcnces, but it requires more time 

 and trouble in building and finifhing than thofe of moft other 

 fiiapes, confequently is improper, in general, except in fuch 

 places, circumftances, and fituations. 



The oblong and long fquare forms of corn-ftacks, with 

 circular ends in the latter cafe, are fometimes very convenient, 

 ufeful and advantageous, as they are built and finiflied in a 

 ready and eafy manner, take up but little room in compari- 

 fon with fome other forms, and keep the grain remarkably 

 well and fafe. In building them, the different courfcs of the 

 ftieaves, which are not many in the width, are laid fo as ta 

 bind on each other and fecure the whole, as will be feen 

 in fpeaking of ftacking grain in a more full and clear 

 manner. 



In the ordinary circular form of corn-ftack, the thatch, 

 which ftiould always come down to the termination of the 

 moft bellying-out or fpreading-out part of the ftem, is 

 ufually fecured and kept on in the common way, without the 

 ufe of any fort of rope or other contrivance of that kind. 

 Ropes are, however, fometimes employed. 



But there is another form of corn-ftack, which is com- 

 mon in the northern parts of this country and that of Scot- 

 land, which is of the round kind, and which moftly refts on a 

 wooden Irame upon high ftone fupports with fiat caps. The 

 ftem is made perfectly upright to the caves, where the 

 (heaves of the upper part are made to projeft lome way at 

 firft, and then gradually taken into a point at the top. The 

 thatch or covering in this cafe, in confequence of the windy 

 and ftormy fituations in which the ftacks are moftly expofed, 

 are, for the moft part, fecured by means of ftraw-ropes, or 

 thofe of other kinds, put on in a fort of checquered man- 

 ner, one rope being made to crofs or pafs over the other, fo 

 as to afl"ord fomething of this appearance. There are two 

 ftraight ropes, to which all the others, which are oblique, are 

 faftened, the ends being well fecured by being pafled round 

 a ftrong belt-rope which furrounds the top of the upright 

 ftem of the ftack. The different oblique ropes are put on 

 alternately from the different fides of the ftack. In fome 

 cafes, the ends of the oblique ropes are fixed to the butt- 

 parts of the flieaves, without any fort of belt-rope being 

 employed. See Thatching of Gra'm-Stacis. 



There are a few other forms of corn-ftacks, which are 

 occafionally made ufe of in particular circumftances and 

 cafes of farms ; but more for the fake of curiofity, than 

 any utility they may have in praftice. 



In flacks with any fort of pulfe crops, a« peas, beans, 

 feeding tares, and other fimilar matters, the fame forms may 

 be moitly had recourfe to, but their Item-parts need feldom 

 be fo much bellied out at the eaves as in corn-ftacks, as 

 there is moftly lefs danger from wet ; they fhould always, 

 however, have fo much outward diverging at the tops of the 

 Items, as fully to carry off the water from them. The 

 Italk or butt-ends-of all fuch forts of produce, when put into 

 ftacks, Ihould conftantly be carefully laid in an outward di- 

 reftion, fo that as few of the pods as polTible may be ex- 

 pofed to the moifture of the air. The top-parts in ftacks 

 of this kind have rarely any occafion to be carried up to fo 

 much height, as is the cafe fometimes in corn-ftacks. Thefe 

 forts of ftacks, as well as thofe of corn, (hould always be 

 put on Hands or itaddles which are confiderably raifed from 

 the ground. 



In the forms of hay-ftacks there is lefs tariety than in 

 t thofe 



