S T A 



S T A 



t)l ihcm, to hang the chains on which are to fupport tlic 

 outward edge of the ftage, and lerve to raife or lower it 

 at plcafure. The other part is a moveable ttage eight feet 

 long, and three feet eight inches broad, having a hinge under 

 each end, at tlie hinder, or edge nearell the (lack ; one end 

 uf the hinges is made like a bolt, to enter the holes in the 

 balk:, ; the ftage likewife has an iron-plate under each end, 

 with a hole in it to receive a hook on the chain. It is 

 added, that in ufing the ftage it is fet againft the ftack, 

 when it grows fo high that it is inconvenient to pitch on 

 to it from the buck of an empty waggon. Tlic holes in 

 the balks moft commonly ufed are fourteen feet from the 

 ground, about the height of a wagsTon-load of hay. Should 

 the ftage be fixed lower, it would be of no ufe, not being 

 wanted whilft a man can conveniently pitch from the buck 

 of a waggon on to a ftack ; and fhould it be fixed much 

 higher, it would be found too high for a man to pitch on 

 to, when the waggon is nearly empty. 



It has been fuggefted, that a ftage like this is not expenfive 

 in the conilruction, and might be ufed for nailing up wea- 

 ther-boarding', painting, plaftering of walls, and feveral 

 other purpofcs. 



STACKPOLE Head, in Geograbhy, a cape on the S. 

 coaft of Wiles. N.lat. 5i°42'. W.' long. 4° 57'. 



STACKS of Burgh, rocks near the E. part of Scotland, 

 one mile W. of Duncanfby Head. N. lat. ^i' 23'. W. 

 long. 2" 57'. 



Stacks of Duncnnfby, rocks in the North fea, near the E. 

 coatt of Scotland ; li mile S. from the mouth of Wick river. 

 N.lat. 58^36'. W. long. 2° 57'. 



Stacks nf Hempnggs, rocks in the North fea, two miles 

 5. from the mouth of Wick river. N. lat. 58° 21'. W. 

 long. 2° 57'. 



STACTE, raxTr, in Pharmiicy, a fatty refinous liquid 

 matter, of the nature of a liquid myrrh. 



This liquor is very odoriferous, and is held very precious ; 

 making alone the perfume called by Diofcorides flaSe, 

 which, he fays, fmells finely, tiiough very bitter to the 

 tatte. We have none of it now but what is fopliillicated ; 

 and what the apothecaries call ll.nfle, is ufually no more than 

 liquid ftorax. 



STADARSTAD, in Geography, a group nf buildings, 

 comprifing a church, tlie habitation of the n:inifter, and a 

 few cottages, in Iceland, fit\iatcd in the peninfula terminated 

 by Sn^fell's Syffd (which fee.) Tliis church was the 

 bcft which the travellers to whofe account we refer had 

 fecn, except that of Befieftad. It is conftruAed entirely of 

 wood, and has a pretty large gallery. The mountains that 

 rife behind Stadarftad are very lofty, and prefect a bold and 

 precipitous front towards the fea. About fix miles from 

 Stadarftad, in the mountains that approach towards the fea, 

 js a hot fpring, in a place called Lyfiehouls. The water 

 ifTues from the top of a mount about ten feet high, and fifty 

 yards in diameter, entirely calcareous. The temperature of 

 the fpring was g6^, and the water had an acidulous tafte. 

 Not far from the mount were great quantities of incrufta- 

 tions not calcareous, which had evidently been formed by 

 •fome ancient fprings. Ab nit halt a mile from the fpring is 

 a llream of lava, that had flown ilowu from the precipices 

 above, and fpread over 'he flat plain intervenim^ between 

 the mountains and the lea. Near Uudei-ftad, which is one 

 of the trading ftations of Iceland, and confifts of a merchant's 

 houfe, a large wooden itorehoule, a church, and a con- 

 fider.able number of rnttages, is an ,th>'r mineral water, the 

 •tafte of which was fimilar to that of Lyfiehouls ; the tem- 

 perature was 46^. Mackenzie's Travels in Ireland. 



£TADDLE, in uigrkuHurt, a term applied to the bot- 



tom part, or that on which the ftack or mow of corn, pulfe, 

 ftraw, hay, or any other fort of field produce, refts, and ia 

 formed or built. Thefe forts of ftaddles are contrived in 

 many different ways, according to different occafions and 

 circumitances ; as, in a walled manner, in the wooden frame 

 method, in the fimple log mode, and fome others. The 

 two lirft are, however, by far the moft proper, where grain 

 or pulfe is to he ftacked upon them ; but the hft may do 

 for ftraw and hay occafionally, where better and more per- 

 feft methods cannot be adopted or put in praftice. The 

 firft method is expenfive, and therefore not common. See 

 Corn-SrAND. 



A method more commonly adopted by farmers, is that 

 of the wooden frame, refting upon low fupporters of the 

 ftoue or other kinds. In many different diftriits, the ftaddles, 

 cfpecially for corn, are conftrufted by means of upright 

 ftones with caps, placed about feven feet diftance from 

 each other, in a circular, fquare, or fome other fuitable 

 form. The uprigiit flone, in fome cafes, is a truncated 

 pyramid, about four feet in length, a foot being allowed to 

 be let into the ground. On the top, which is about four 

 inches in the fquare, is placed the cap, which is a round 

 flone, fiat and fmooth on the under fide, and a little con- 

 vex on the upper, two feet in diameter, and projefting ten 

 inches from every fide of the upright ftone. Upon thefe 

 ftones ftrong timbers are fram.ed, firft extending in a crofs- 

 wife direflion, and then all around the fides ; a ftone and 

 cap being, for the moft part, put in the centre, to take off 

 the bearing of the crofs-timbers. This is a plan of ftaddle, 

 whicli, it is thought by many, effectually fecures the grain 

 againft rats and.other fimilar forts of vermin. 



In other fituations, ftone or wooden pillars are put down, 

 at proper diftances from each other, into the ground, upou 

 whicfi is laid a firm and flrong fubftantial timber-frame, well 

 compaAed and put together, of joifts, beam.s, and other 

 parts, as may be found neceffary and expedient. If the 

 fupporting pillars be of ftone, they are ufually of a conical 

 form, with ftone caps faced upon their tops, as above ; but 

 if of wood, they are cafed with tin, ten, twelve, or more 

 inclies near their upper ends. In the former cafe, the flone 

 caps, and, in the latter, the tin coverings, effiftually pre- 

 vent, it is iuppofcd, the rats and mice from climbing up 

 into the flacks. 



In fome of the more northern diftrifts of the country, the 

 corn-flacks are occafionally fet fomcwhat in the form and 

 manner of little houfes, upon pillars, or arches turned in 

 mafoury, round or on one or more of the moft expofed fides 

 of the ftraw-yards, where the outlying or other cattle are 

 to be foddered and kept. Where the pillar mode is adopted, 

 a tlrong fohd wall, built in mafon work, raollly forms the 

 outfide, and the pillars are fet round or on the iiilides of the 

 ftraw-yards. Beams of a proper fize and length are firit 

 laid from one pillar to another, and then rafters are laid 

 acrofs from the outfide wall to the pillars and beams, fu as 

 to form a fort of flooring ; upon wliicli the Hacks are built 

 of any length and height that may be neceflary ; their roofs 

 being always well fccured. In the turned arcli manner, no 

 pillars or frames of wood are at all rwrceffary, the top parts 

 of the arcties forming the bafes or ftaddles for raifii;;; the 

 flacks upon, while the openings of them, or arches below, 

 form the Halls fir the cattle. In both thefe ways the cattle 

 are well protedled Ik'Iow or uiidernealh the (tacks ; the yraio 

 is perfectly preferved from the efletts of dampnols and ver- 

 min, by being fo much elevated ; and to the tV.rmer there is 

 a confijerable faving of manure in different ways. 



In other ciles, corn-flacks are built roumi and againfl a 

 frame of wood, fet up firmly in fomcwhat a conical (liape 



