S T A 



or manner ; the tops of the rafters or boards, of which this 

 fort of ftaddle is compofed, reiting or inclining againft each 

 other, and reaching fomewhat above the eaves of the ftack. 

 This is a kind of iladdle which is fuppofed to afford much 

 air and ventilation in moilt damp iituations, for drying the 

 grain in the ftacks. See Stacking of Grain. 



Where the fimple log manner of forming fladdles is in 

 ufe, any fort of rough large pieces of wood, of the tree or 

 other kind, are laid round the outlides, in the form in which 

 the ilacks are to be made ; in the infide and middle of which, 

 bottoms or fonndations are formed with common wood fag- 

 gots, bufhc?, or any other fimilar matters ; the whole being 

 then well covered with rough ftraw or haulm of any fort. 

 Sec Stackixg of Hay, and Stand, Grain. 



The term y/(i^^/<-, likewife, fometimes fignifies a tree, 

 which is fuffered to grow for coarfe or common purpofes ; 

 as the forming and making of polls, rails, and other fimilar 

 ufes. 



Staddle of Hay, a term applied to a plot or portion of 

 hay thrown abroad in making. See H.w-Making. 



Staddle-J?oo/", any fort of roof or covering which is 

 placed over fladdles, and employed for the purpofe of pro- 

 tefting or fecuring the flacks of either corn or hay, or of 

 any other forts of materials which are built upon them. 

 Staddle-roofs are of many different kinds, and their heights 

 and fizes are variou":, according to thofe of the fladdles 

 over which they are laid. 



In the county of Devon, a mode of this kind of roof 

 prevails for the fecuring of corn, in fome parts of the 

 South-hams in that dillrift, which appears to be entitled to 

 the confideration of the farmer. 



It is faid to have been borrowed from the Dutch, as it 

 is much ufed in Holland, and all thi; low countries upon 

 the borders of the Rhine and Scheldt rivers. It is likewife 

 Hated to be almoil univerfally had reconrfe to through- 

 out the eaflern and middle Hates of North America. And 

 it probably cxilts in different other countries and dif- 

 trifts. 



It confilfs of a light moveable roof, formed of fome 

 fort of fuitable and convenient materials for the purpofe, 

 which is capable of being raifed or let down at pleafure 

 over the ftaddle upon which the ftack is built. The me- 

 thods of forming and managmg the arrangement of it are 

 thefe. At the diltance of about four feet from the corners 

 of the ftaddle or flack-frame, are funk four ftrong boxes, 

 well rammed and fecured in the ground, and of fufficient 

 capacity to receive about three feet in length of a large pole 

 or fpar, rounded from a fquare of fix inches, being made 

 a little tapering towards the top, and thirty feet in length : 

 on the upper end of this fpar or pole is fixed a llout ring 

 or fernde, from which is projeftcd a flrong iron hook : the 

 four ports or poles thus formed and fitted up are placed in 

 the boxes at the diflerent corners of the ftaddle. A two- 

 fhcave tackle is then hitched to the hooks at the tops of the 

 poles or ports, and a one-fheave tackle to each corner of 

 the roof, refting upon the ftaddle, and prefer ting at each 

 corner a portable hoop, or collar, to enclole the different 

 poles or ports on which it traverfes up and down, keeping 

 all firm, fteady, tight, and compaft together. Thefe four 

 tackles are manned with as many perfons as may be found 

 neceflary to raife or lower the roof, and thus every fheaf of 

 grain, or any other lubftancc, which is brought home to 

 be ftacked under thefe rtaddle-roofs, is faid to be more im- 

 mediately and betC'-r fecured from future dnmaije, than if 

 they were any otherwife placed under cover, or even ftowed 

 away in a barn or other fimilar building. This rtaddle-roof 

 contrivance is faid to be denominated a hay-barrack in the 



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S T A 



ftate of Pennfylvania, in North America, in which dillrift 

 they are equally ufed for the purpofe of proteding hay as 

 well as corn. 



It is noticed, that in climates or trafts of country which 

 are frequently liable to fudden and violent florms, or 

 thunder-fhowers, during the periods of hay-time and har- 

 veft, thefe fladdle-roofs are moftly found particularly ufeful, 

 proper, and neceflary for the farmer, in preferving his crops 

 of thefe kinds in the befl and readieft manner. 



The loofe ftaddle-roofs, ufed in fome fituations, are 

 moftly formed of fome fort of very light thin boards of 

 diflerent extents, as ten, twelve, or more feet in length, 

 and which are fometimes bent or curved on one fide, and 

 hollowed in the middle, in fomewhat the manner of the pan- 

 tiles which are ufed in covering buildings, fo as to hook on 

 to each other and carry off the wet. Roof-boards of this 

 fort are in ufe en the farms at Winwick, one of the feats 

 of the earl of Derby, in Lancafhire, and found to anfwer 

 the purpofe very well, and to be particularly ferviceable in 

 (howery or rainy feafons. 



Staddle-roofs of the cloth kind are fometimes employed ; 

 the old fails of (hips and other fimilar forts of cloth being 

 provided for the purpofe. 



STADDLE-iVonf.f, thofe which are made ufe of in the con- 

 ftruclion of fladdles, efpecially when they are intended for 

 the purpofe of corn, in order to keep rats and other forts of 

 vermin out of the flacks ; and alfo for granaries, to keep 

 them from climbing up into them. Various kinds of flones 

 are employed in this way, as thofe of the free-ftone, the 

 fiate-ftone, the lime-ftone, and different other kinds. See 

 Staddle. 



Staddle-ftones are moflly employed alfo for granaries, 

 wherever the primary confideration of the farmer is the fe- 

 curity of his corn. In thefe cafes, the old method was to 

 have them only put at the corners, while the buildings flood 

 upon a frame of wood, but the improved mode is to have 

 them coped all round, in fomewhat the fame manner as corn- 

 flands, in order that they n.ay be perfetlly fecure agiinft the 

 inroads of deftruftive vermin. 



For granaries placed on ftaddle-llones, it has been lately 

 fu^gelted, in order to prevent vermin from getting up the 

 outward fleps, that fuch fleps fhould be fixed on the infide 

 of the lower parts of the door, which are to be balanced with 

 weights, fo that a flight effort may be capable of bringing 

 them down on blocks of ftone, which are to form the firft 

 fleps for the purpofe, fuch blocks of flone being twenty- 

 four feet by fourteen in the clear. The doors, in fuch cafes, 

 muft, of courfe, projeft in fome degree in being brought 

 forward, fo as to reach the ground, or come near to it, for 

 the purpofe of affording a ready and eafy entrance into the 

 repofitories. 



STADE, in Geography, a town of the duchy of Bremen, 

 with a ftrong fort, on a fmall river, about a mile from the 

 Elbe ; formerly the capital of a county and rcfidence of the 

 counts. It is now the feat of the regency of the duchies of 

 Bremen and Verden, and alfo of the chancery, chief court of 

 juftice, and confiftory, and contains three c'larches. Its two 

 burgo-mafters are ccunfellors of Hate. It was formerly a place 

 of confiderable trade, and from the year 1586 to 1612, an 

 EnTlifh ftaple, which «as removed to Hamburg. After having 

 undergone feveral revolutions and changes of mailers, it was 

 occupied in 17 15 by the troops of Brunfwick. In 1757 

 the fortifications of it were completed ; 24 miles W. of 

 Hambur-. N. lav. 53° 42'. E. long. 9'' 21'. 



STADECKEN, a town of Germany, in the palatinate 

 ofthf" Rhiie ; 11 ■ i'es W. of Oppenheim. 



STADELHOFEN, a town of Bavaria, in thebiftiopric 



of 



