S T JE 



S T ^ 



that of captain and admiral-general of the province ; in 

 whicli quality he named all the officers, and difpofed of all 

 military polls. He took eve of the execution of the or- 

 dinances cf the Hates ; and his authority gave him a right 

 to receive, and give audience to ambadadors from foreign 

 princes, and even to fer.d anibafladora on his own private 

 affairs. 



The office of ftadtholder was very ancient : the counts, 

 not being able to refide in Holland, appointed Hadtholders 

 to command in their abfence in the levcral provinces ; be- 

 fidcs a governor-general of all the feventeen provinces of 

 the Netherlands. 



William I., prince of Orange, was made ftadtholder of 

 Holland and Zealand in 1576, and foon after of the pro- 

 vinces of Guelders, Utrecht, and Overyftel, at the time 

 when the Dutch Ihook off the Spanifh yoke ; which enabled 

 him to contribute greatly to that happy event. 



In 1584, when William I. was aflaflinated, the fame 

 dignity was conferred, by the fame provinces, on his fon 

 prince Maurice, who was fucceeded by his brother Fre- 

 deric-Henry in 1625. Upon his death, in 1647, his fon, 

 William H., became ftadtholder, and he polleiicd this dig- 

 nity till his death in 1650. The ambitious views of this 

 prince having given offence to the provinces of the republic, 

 they took meafures to reduce the authority of the ftadt- 

 holder ; and the province of Holland formed a defign of 

 excluding his fon, William HI. prince of Orange, after- 

 wards king of England, from the dignity pofleffed by his 

 anceitors. However, in 1672, Holland, alarmed at the 

 progrefs of Lewis XIV., declared William ftadtholder, and 

 captain-general of the forces of the republic, with the fame 

 power which his predecelTors had enjoyed. Their example 

 was followed by four other provinces; and, in 1674, on 

 account of his fignal fervices to the ftates of Holland, they 

 declared him hereditary ftadtholder, and determined that 

 his dignity (hould delcend to his male heirs. He was fuc- 

 ceeded by his appointed heir, the prince of Naliau-Dietz, 

 hereditary ftadtholder of the provinces of Friefland and 

 Groningen, from whom the dignity defcended to his fon, 

 William-Charles-Henry-Frifon. In 1722 he was named 

 Itadtholder by the province of Guelderland. 



In 1747, the iladtholderfhip was extended to all the feven 

 united provinces, and made hereditary in the male and 

 female reprefentatives of the family of Orange. For other 

 particulars refpefting the change of government, &c. fee 

 Holland and U.vited Provinces. 



STADTKYLL, or Statkyl, in Geography, a town 

 of France, in the department of the Roer, on the Kyll ; 

 8 miles N.N.W. of Gerolftein. 



STADTLAND, a fmall ifland in the North Atlantic 

 fea, near the coaft of Norway. N. lat. 62° 10'. E. long. 



5° 5°'- 



STADT-LOEN, a town of Germany, in the biftiopric 



of Munfter ; 23 miles W. of Munfter. N. lat. 52'' &. 



E. long. 6"^ 54'. 



STADT-OLDENDORF, a town of the principality 

 of Wolfenbuttel, containing about 20O houfes ; 15 miles 

 W.N.W. of Eimbcck. 



STADTSBUGDEN, a town of Norway, in the pro- 

 vince of Drontheim ; 10 miles N.N.W. of Drontheim. 



STAUT-STEINACH, a town of Bavaria, in the 

 biftiopric of Bamberg ; 7 miles N-E. of Culmbach. 



STiEBIS, in Botany, a name given by the modern 

 Greeks to a plant growing very plentifully in the ifland of 

 Crete, and feeming to be the fame with \.\k Jlabe of the 

 ancient Greeks, when ufed as the name of the pheos or 

 hippopheos ; for the ancients ufed it alfo as the name of a 



Vol. XXXIII. 



low plant of the gnaphalium kind, growing in marlhy placet, 

 with which they ufed to ftuft beds, &c. 



STiEBIUM, a name given by the modern Greeks to the 

 plant called hippopheos by Diolcorides : that author alfo 

 fometimes called it Jiiile. 



ST7EBR0ECK, in Geography, a town of Guiana, on 

 the eaft coaft of the river Dcinarari. 



STjECHAS, in Botany. See Cassidony. 



ST./EHELINA, appears to have Seen a name of Hal- 

 ler's, which Liniixus removed to the prcf»nt genus. There 

 have been feveral Swifs botanifts, authors of inaugural dif- 

 fertations, or other fmall treatifes not generally current, of 

 the name of Stsehelin, or Stehelin. Haller feems to have 

 intended principally to commemorate his beloved and re- 

 gretted friend and companion, Benedift Stjehelin, to whom 

 he addrefles two epiftles among his poems. (Sec his 

 Bihlkth. Botanica, v. 2. 175, and H'tft. Stirp. Helvet. v. i, 

 136.) In the latter place he contends that he had given 

 this name to the Bartfta alpina, before Linnxus dedicated 

 that genus to his own, no lefs tenderly lamented, friend 

 Bartfch. (See Fl. Suec. cd. 2. 211.) However the right 

 of priority may be oircumllanced, the Bartfia of Linnxus, 

 like his Stichelina, has prevailed ; nor can the warmed ad- 

 mirer of Haller or of Stxhelin now regret, that the latter 

 has obtained a moft elegant and remarkable genus, of the 

 compound tribe ; he having particularly written upon that 

 order, in a dillertation publiflied at Bafil in 1721, after the 

 diftinguifhed example of Vaillant, of whom he had been a 

 favourite difciple. — Linn. Gen. 415. Sclireb. 546. Willd. 

 Sp. FL V. 3. 1783. Mart. Mill. Did. v. 4. Ait. Hort. 

 Kew. v. 4. 5ii. "Sm. PI. Ic. 71. Prodr. Fh Grsc. Sibth. 

 V. 2. 162. Jul!'. 175. Gsertn. v. 2. 412. (Serratula; 

 Lamarck Illuftr. t. 666. f. 3, 4.) — Clafs and order, Synge- 

 nejia Polygamia-aqualu. Nat. Ord. Compofita difco'ideat 

 Linn. CinarocephaU, Juff". 



Gen. Ch. Common Calyx oblong, cylindrical, (lightly 

 fwelling, imbricated with lanceolate ercft fcales, each ter- 

 minated by a fmall, (liort, coloured fcale. Cor. compound, 

 uniform, tubular : all the florets equal, perfeft, of one 

 funnel-ftiaped petal, whofe limb is bell-lhaped, in five equal, 

 acute fegments. Slam. Filaments in each floret five, capil- 

 lary ; anthers united into a cylindrical tube, each of them 

 having two elongated teeth at the bafe. Pift. Gcrmeo very 

 fhort ; ftyle thread-fljaped ; itigmas two, oblong, obtufc, 

 ereft. Peric. none but the unchanged calyx. Seeds foli- 

 tary, oblong, very fliort, quadrangular: down branched or 

 cloven, longer than the calyx. Reeept. flat, covered with 

 very fhort, permanent, chaffy, branched fcales. 



Efl. Ch. Receptacle with branched (cales. Seed-down 

 branched. Anthers with a pair of tlireads at the bafe. 

 Calyx imbricated, rather fwelling. 



I. S. dubia. Roiemary-leaved Slaeheliiia. Linn. Sp. 

 PI. 1176. Willd. n. I. Ait. n. I. Dickf. Dr. PI. 

 n. 13. Gerard Gallopr. 190. t. 6. (Serratula; Lamarck 

 f. 4. Chamxchryfocome pri'longia purpuralcentibufque 

 Jacea: capitulis ; Barrel. Ic. t. 406. Stocchas citrina altera 

 inodora ; Lob. Ic. 486.) — Leaves fefTile, linear, fomewhat 

 toothed ; downy and white beneath. Seed-down Imooth, 

 about twice as long as the nearly cylindrical calyx. — Native 

 of dry open hills and lields, in Spain, Italy, and the fouth 

 of France. Parkinfon appears to have cultivated it, but 

 we have never met with the plant in any garden, nor does it 

 make a figure even in cat.ilngues. The y/rm is (hrubby, of 

 humble growth, bnftiy, uith round leafy branches, clothed 

 with dole white cottony down ; as are alfo the backs of the 

 very narrow, toothed, (lightly revohitc leaves, each above 

 an inch long. Floivcrs terminal, cicd, cither lolitary or 



4 S fomewhat 



