S T A 



S T A 



is fmall ; its buildings are not particularly remarkable ; 

 though its fitiiation on the fea-fhore is the fame with that of 

 the ancient city, and its environs are (till agreeable. It is 

 furrounded by orchards of lemon and orange-trees, the 

 flowers and fruit of which are equally regaling and refreihing 

 to its inhabitants, and afford them a valuable article of coin- 

 merce. Cargoes of oranges and lemons are (hipped here, 

 and conveyed to different parts of Turkey, but principally 

 to Smyrna and Conltantinople. The harbour, which is de- 

 fended by a cadle, kept in bad order, though formerly fafe 

 and deep, can no longer receive any but fmall veflels : large 

 fliips remain without, in a road which has good holding- 

 ground, but in winter it is open to the winds, and the 

 fwell from the north and weft, and therefore avoided. The 

 population of the town of Stancho is in a great meafure 

 compoled of Turks : the Greeks occupy the remaining 

 part of the ifland, but they are not numerous. The ifland, 

 which is much longer than it is broad, is not very extenfive ; 

 but the beauty of its climate and of its foil, its fecundity, 

 and itanatural allurements, would render the paucity of its 

 inhabitants extraordinary, if we did not recoiled that it is 

 under the immediate command of the Turks. Some writers 

 have afTerted that Stancho is an ifland fubjeft to epidemical 

 difeafes, and dangerous to be inhabited : but Sonnini fays, that 

 this allertion is ill-founded. Stancho retains the high cha- 

 rafter for niildnefs of climate, richnefs of foil, and falu- 

 brioufnefs of the air, given by the ancients to Cos. Some 

 very high mountains command the fouth part of the ifland ; 

 and navigators, defirous of a flielter from the impetuous 

 northerly winds, find a propitious retreat in that quarter in 

 the little harbour of Safodino. The remainder of the 

 ifland is a beautiful plain, abounding with various fruits, fuch 

 as oranges, lemons, figs, grapes, &c. which are delicious. 

 The wine drawn from its grapes is delicate and agreeable. 

 Its excellent paftures formerly fed numerous llock?, that 

 furniihed wool, with which the inhabitants manufaftured 

 fluffs, held in high ellimation for their finenefs, and alfo for 

 the brilliant colours with which they were dyed. But this 

 kind of induftry and its benefits are lo(t. Its filk has alfo 

 failed ; though the climate is favourable to mulberry-trees, 

 and the worm which feeds on them. Stancho is famous for 

 a plane-tree, which covers the little public fquare in which it 

 is found with its antique and twilling branches, and cools it 

 with its impervious fliade. Its thick branches are fupported 

 by pillars, or rather fragments of pillars, of marble and 

 gr.inite ; and thefe pillars are the only ancient monuments 

 which the ifland affords, if wc except a few medals of little 

 value. Under the fltade of the plane-tree is a fountain, 

 which fupplies the Turks with water, and a coffee-houfe, 

 which furniflies a beverage that ferves tliem in lieu of wine 

 and every other 'fermented liquor. It is not improbable, 

 that ten centuries have elapfed fince this tree was planted. 

 N. lat. 36'' 46'. E. long. 26^ 56'. The bay of Stanchio 

 lies on the S.W. coail of Natolia, oppofite to the ifland. 

 N. lat. 36° 48' to 37^ 4'. E. long. 27° 14' to 2f 44'. 



STANCHIONS, in Building. See PtJNClllON. 



Stanchions, in a Ship, thole fmall pillars of wood or 

 iron which are ufed for various purpofes ; as to fupport the 

 decks, the quarter.rails, the nettings, the awnings, &c. 

 The firlt of thefe are two ranges of fmall columns fixed 

 \indcr the beams, throughout tlie ftiip's length between 

 decks; one range being on the (larboard, and the other on 

 the larboard fide of the hatchways. They are chiefly in- 

 teiided to fupport the weigjht of the artillery. 



Stanchions of the Netlings, are either flender bars of 

 iron, wiiofe lower ends are fixed in iron fockcta at proper 



Vol. XXXIII. 



diftances ; or fquare wooden pillars, let into the upper part 

 of the fliip's fide. See Qxj A.v.Tv.v.Netting. 



STAND, Stablestand. See Stablestand. 



Stand, in Commerce, a weight from two hundred and a 

 half to three hundred of pitch. 



Stand of Arms. See Arms. 



Stand, Bee, in Rural Economy, is conftruftcd in the 

 form and manner of a flight flied, and made of good fea- 

 foned wood, fo framed, that the fore-part of the flied or 

 ftand may be about fix or fcven feet higli, and the hind-part 

 five or fix. The top, and alfo the ends and back, mull be 

 well covered with llrong boards. The infide (hould, like- 

 wife, have a lining of very thin deal-boards, and be fur- 

 nifhed with ftrong flielves, fo proportioned, as to fuit the 

 number of hives, boxes, or glafles, that are to be placed 

 on them. And to the front, which fliould be open, thin 

 fliades of wood fliould be fo formed and fixed up, that they 

 may be raifed or lowered, as may be neceflary for the pro- 

 teflion of the bees againit either heat or moifture. See 

 Hive. 



Stand, Grain or Corn, in Agriculture, the name of fuch 

 as are made of framed wood, Itones, low walls, or other 

 contrivances, and which are raifed for placing grain upon, 

 in making it into ftacks. 



The moll ordinary mode of forming thefe (lands is merely 

 that of placing two or three pieces of large timber length- 

 ways, and then putting fmaller ones crofs-ways at the ends, 

 filling up the middle parts with fmaller pieces of wood or 

 other materials. This is, however, a mode by no means 'o 

 be generally employed, as it provides no fecurity for the 

 bottom of the (lack. But in other cafes, a Itrong framing 

 of good timber is put upon polls of wood, or what is better, 

 of (tones, about two feet high, provided with round caps of 

 good flat ftoncs, and on thefe the (tacks reft in a very folid 

 and fecure manner, and it affords a good and fecure fupport 

 for the corn. 



Thefe (lack-ftands are, however, much better when con- 

 ftrufted wholly of (lone, being built to the fame height as 

 in the former cafe, in a rather flanting manner outwards, and 

 covered on the tops with copings of oak-planking or flat 

 (loiies, which projeft over the edges feveral inches, and in 

 that way prevent the depredations of rats and mice on the 

 grain, as well as their lodging in the ftacks. In both thefe 

 modes, pieces of timber are placed as a frame in the middle, 

 to fupport the grain upon. 



Further, in conltrufting thefe flands, the foundation 

 fliould be funk a confiderable depth into the ground, and the 

 bottoms be well laid, to prevent vermin getting to the 

 grain of the ftacks by working under them ; and no fort of 

 fubltances flinuld ever be fulfered to reft againft them, or the 

 loofe corn to hang down during the time of buildiag the 

 (lacks. It is obvious that the form of thefe ftands muft 

 vary according to that in which the ftacks are to be made, 

 which is different in different diltrifts. The circular and 

 oblong forms are the moft ufual ; but the long narrowr 

 (hape is probably to be preferred, as it is faid, in the Agri- 

 cultural Report of Northumberland, to keep the corn 

 better, more dry, and freer from heating. 



It has been remarked, that on brick or ftone ftands, ftacks 

 of the parallelogrammical form may be built to any fiz^- ; but 

 that for fmall ftacks, efpecially where wood is empl. lycd, 

 the otlagonal form of (land (liould rather be preferred to 

 the circular one, as the copings may be cut with Icff wafte, 

 and from fmaller timber; and it isjult as ealy to build a 

 circular Hack on an odagonal ftand as on a circular one. 

 But that where ilone can be eafily procured, it is without 

 4 Y doubt 



