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the fold : and another, which was double, to be eaten out 

 of on both fides, was placed and Itood all along the central 

 flied ; under which was a fmall trough or manger, in which 

 the fine forts of food given to the (heep were put. This was, 

 of courfe, a molt complete and perfeft ftanding fold for 

 managing and protefting thefe animals, the plan of which 

 may probably in fome meafure be imitated by other (hcep- 

 farmers with confidcrablc utility and benefit. 



Standing Marruige, in the Law of Scotland, is ufed 

 to exprefs one actually fubfilling, though perhaps reducible 

 for adultery, or liable to be declared void for impotency, 

 or contingency of blood ; that is, confanguinity. Bayne's 

 Crim. Law. 



Standing Part of the Skat, in a Ship, that part of it 

 which is made faft to a ring at the fliip's quarter. When 

 they fay, oiier-hak the Jheat, they mean, hah upon the Jland- 

 ing part ; but when they fay hale the Jheat barely, they intend 

 only of the running part. 



Standing Part of a Tackle, is the end of the rope where 

 the block is feized or faltened ; as the other which is haled 

 is called /a//. 



Standing Rigging, are thofe ropes which do not run in 

 any block, but are fet taught, or let flack occafionally, as 

 the Ihrouds, Itays, back-ltays, &c. 



Standing Ropes. See Standing Ropes. 



STAND ISH, in Geography, a poft-town of America, 

 in the diftrift of Maine, on the W. line of Cumberland 

 county, between Prefumfcut and Saco rivers ; incorporated 

 in 1785, and containing 137S inhabitants; 18 miles N.W. 

 of Portland. 



STANDON, Stanton, or Stanelow, is a fmall market- 

 town and pari(h in the hundred of Braughin, county of 

 Hertford, England, at the diftance of one mile S.E. from 

 Puckeridge, and 26 N.N.E. from London. It is mentioned 

 by Ingulphus as having been granted to Croyland abbey in 

 the early part of the ninth century ; and as the place where 

 abbot Brithmere, about the year 1030, built a fpacious 

 houfe for the accommodation of himfelf and his retinue, dur- 

 ing his journies to London. In this parifli alfo was a pre- 

 ceptory of knights hofpitallers, built on lands given with 

 the church to that order by Gilbert de Clare, in the reign of 



king Stephen : the houfe was defigned for the refidence of tered ?" 



are raifed. Beauties of England and Wales, toI. vii. Hert- 

 fordfhire, by E. W. Brayley. 



STANDS, in Rural Economy, a word applied to fuch 

 young timber-trees as are under fix inches timber girth, or 

 twenty-four inches in circumference. Tliefc are moltlv re- 

 fervd in cutting over young timber and other woods. 



STANERN, or Stanarow, in Geography, a town of 

 Moravia, in the circle of Iglau ; 10 miles S. of Iglau. 



STANES. See Staines. 



STANESBY, Thomas, in Biography, father and fon, 

 two ingenious and eminent flute-makers in London during 

 the early part of the latl century. The flute a bee, or 

 comnjon flute, was fo much in fafhion during the life-time of 

 the eldeft Standby, who died about the year 1734, that no 

 fingle fong was printed without being tranfpofcd into C, or 

 Fq, for the flute, at the bottom of the page. The younger 

 Stanefby, who died in 1754, lived long enough to fee the 

 common flute totally thrown afidc, in favour of the German 

 flute, a concert inflrument, an honour which never had been 

 conferred on the common flute, except now and then in the 

 accompaniments of a fong, fuch as, " Hurti ye little war- 

 bling choir," on the oftave flute, and perhaps two or three 

 more may be found in Handel's works. 



Stanefby, however, conformed to the tatte of the times, 

 and furnifhed prafticians on the flute traverfierc, or German 

 flute, with inftruments, for which the fcholars of Weidiman 

 and Ballicourt, the two firft public players on the German 

 flute in our capital, frequently and loudly call'd. 



Poor Stanefby did not enrich himielf like Theodorus, a 

 flute-maker at Athens, father of the orator Ifocratcc, who 

 acquired wealth fufficient by his employment, not only to 

 educate his children in a liberal manner, but alio to bear one 

 of the heavieil public burdens to which an Athenian citizen 

 was liable, that of furnilhing a choir or chorus for his tribe, 

 or ward, at feftivals and religious ceremonies. 



The fecond Stanefby was buried in the church-yard of 

 St. Pancras, near London, and on his grave-ftone there is a 

 very honourable record of the virtues of his private charac- 

 ter ; a circumdance which biographers fhould never negleft 

 to mention, as monumental praife is feldom lavifhed on 

 perfons of low flation : " Why fhould the poor be flat- 



fome of the fillers of that order, till they were all placed 

 together at Buckland, in Somerfetfhire. The fcite, and 

 fome remains o)f the preceptory, are now conneCled with a 

 farm-houfc called Friars. The manor, reftory, and advow- 

 fon of the vicarage, as parcel of the pofi'effions of St. John 

 of Jerufalem, were granted 36 Henry VIII. to fir Ralph 

 Sadler. A hermitage was founded at Standon by William, 

 an Anchorite, temp. Henry I.; which Richard dc Clare, 

 earl of Hertford, gave to the monks of Stoke by Clare, in 

 Suffolk, who are faid to have had a cell here, which in 

 after-times appears to have become a free feciilar chapel, 

 and to have been the fame with the chapel at Salburn in this 

 parifh. Standon cliurch contains many monuments and fc- 

 pulchral memorials. In the ealtcrn part of the chancel are 

 the tombs of fir Ralph Sadler and family : on fir Ralph's 

 is his effigy in armour lying beneath a canopy, with his chil- 

 dren kneeling below. He died in 1587, aged 80. The 

 parifh of Standon, according to the population return in 

 1811, contained 1889 inhabitants; the number of hoiifes 

 being 254. A fair is held annually, and a market weekly, 

 on Fridays. 



On Haven-End, an eminence in Standon lordfhip, are two 

 large barrows, fuppofed by Salmon to have been raifed by 

 the Danes. In the neighbouring parifli of Widford are two 



STANFALIA, in Geography. See Stampalia. 

 STANFORD, or Stamford, is an ancient market and 

 borough-town, fituated at the louth-weltern angle of the 

 county of Lincoln, England, on the banks of the rirer 

 Welland. One parifh of the town is in the county of North- 

 ampton ; but the chief portion of it is built on the fide of a 

 hill in Lincolnfliire, and when approached from the fouth, 

 preients an interefting and pifturefque appearance. Several 

 old buildings, with towers and flceples, are feen grouped to- 

 gctlier. The name of the town is fuppofed to be derived 

 from the Saxon 5/(J("n, TiwAford. According to fome anti- 

 quaries, Stanford was a place of note in the time of Bladud, 

 f, Britilh king, many centuries before the ChriHian era. The 

 earliell authority upon which wc can depend, is that of 

 Henry of Huntingdon, a writer of the twelfth century; 

 who relates, that the ancient enemies of Erglaiid, the Pids 

 and Scots, having ravaged the country as far as Stanford to 

 the fouth, were there met and defeated by the Saxons under 

 tlic command of Hengill ; and that king Vortigern, for fucK 

 valour, gave to the Saxon leader certain portions of land in 

 the county of Lincoln. Wulphcre, king of Mcrcia, who 

 finifhed the monallery of Mcdes-hamlled, now Peterborough, 

 in a charter of lands to that abbey in the year 6''>4, afllgned 

 Stanford as one of ita boundaries ; and as it role progrefflvely 



ether barrows, which give name to the ellate on which they in importance, fo in the year 972, in another charter to the 



lame 



