S T A 



S T A 



Staxle\, ill Geography, a townfhip in the parifh of 

 "Wakefield, Yorkdiire. See Wakefield. 



STANMORE, Great, a parifh in the hundred of 

 Gore, and county of Middlefex, England, is lo miles 

 N.W. from London. It comprifes 1400 acres of land, the 

 greater part of which is occupied as meadow and palture, 

 but about 250 acres itill remain in common. From the 

 number of Roman antiquities found within this parifli, it is 

 conjectured by Camden, Stukeley, and Reynolds, that the 

 llation called SuUoniacae was at Brockley-hill. During 

 the Anglo Roman dynalty, this part of Middlelex, and a 

 great part of Hertfordftiire, were covered with woods : in- 

 deed, at the time of compiling the Domefday furvey, it 

 appears to have been chiefly forcft. Fitz-Stevens, who 

 wrote about 1 170, fays that an immenfe forett extends itfelf 

 to the north of London, " and is full of the lairs and coverts 

 of beafts and game." The village of Stanmore is of con- 

 fiderable extent, and confifts chiefly of houfr^ erected on the 

 fides of the great road from London to St. Albans. There 

 are fome handfome manfions and villas within the parifli ; 

 the chief of which is Stanmore-houfe, the elegant feat of 

 the countefs of Aylesford. The houfe is feated in an ex- 

 tenfive park, diftinguiflied for its varied furface and fine 

 woods. A villa called the Grove, the refidence of Charles 

 Poole, efq. was pofleiled by Aaron Capadoce in 1802, who 

 died herein that year, at the age of loj. 



The prefent church of Stanmore was completed in 

 1632, at the fole expence of fir John Wolilenholme, knt. 

 It is built of brick, and among other monuments is one by 

 Nicholas Stone, commemorating the builder of the church. 

 It contai!is a Itatue of the decealed, finely executed, and 

 coit 200/. (See Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting.) In 

 the parifh of Stanmor.-Parva is Canons, an ancient and ce- 

 lebrated feat of the Brydges family. This citate was ren- 

 dered noted by James Brydges, duke of Chandos, who was 

 paymafter of the forces to que.-n Anne, and who, having ac- 

 cumulated great wealth, rclolved to build two magnificent 

 houfes, to furpafs any of the ducal refidences in England. 

 One wa? commenced in Cavendifli-lquare, London, but 

 never finiflied ; the other at Canons. Three architects 

 were employed, Gibbs, James, and Shepherd ; and Vertue 

 defcribes the houfe as " a noble fquare pile, all of ilone ;" 

 ornamented w\th llatues, bulls, paintings, &c. Italian artitts 

 were employed to ftucco and pamt the walls and cielings, and 

 aprofufion of marble was uled in pillars, floors, &c. In the 

 ereftion and decoration of this noble manfion, and in plant- 

 ing the ground, it is rehited that not Itfs than 250,000/. 

 were expended. Correfponding with the building were the 

 domeftic ellablifliment and (lyle of living within the houfe : 

 all was grandeur and oltentation. The duke dined in pub- 

 lic, and was attended by a band of mufic and a military 

 guard. This parade excited the envy and fatirical animad- 

 verfions of Pope and fome other poets. In Pope's fatire 

 on Falfe Talle, the character of Timon is fuppofed to be 

 intended for the duke. Tlie fplendid manfion jult men- 

 tioned was taken down, and tlic materials fold by auction, in 

 1747 ; and a fmall but neat villa was afterwards built by 

 Mr. Hallet, and which is now the property and refidence 

 of fir Thnma; Plumer. Beauties of Enijland, vol. x. 

 pt. 4. Middlefex. By J. N. Brewer, 1816. 



STANNARIES, Stannaiua, the mines and works 

 where tin is dug and purified : as in Cornwall, Dt'vonlhire, 

 &c. There are f<uir courts of the flannaries in Devonfliire, 

 and as many in Cornwall, tor tlie adminiltration of jullice 

 among the timers. See Stunnary-Qitvwx^. 



ST ANNE L, in Ornithology, an Englifh name of a fpe- 

 cies of hawk, more commonly known by the names of the 



keJlreU or the tuindhovcr ; and called by Latin authors tin- 

 nuiicuhs and cenchris. 



STANNER-WORT, in Agriculture, the common name 

 of a troublefome weed in arable as well as grafs-lands. See 

 Rag-wort. 



STANNUM, Tix. See Tin. 



STANOVAIA, in Geography, a fortrefs of Ruffia, in 

 the government of ToboHk ; 8 miles S.W. of Ifchim. 



STANOVITZKOI, a town of Ruflia, in the govern- 

 ment of Novgorod ; 48 miles N.W. of Tcherapovetz. 



STANSTEAD, a townfhip of Lower Canada, bounded 

 W. by lake Memphramagog, and S. by Vermont : fettled 

 by about 750 inhabitants, a promifcuous emigration from 

 various parts of the United States. 



S TANSTED, a town of Virginia ; 5 miles N. of Fal- 

 mouth. 



STANTONS, a town of North Carolina ; 8 miles W. 

 of Guildford. 



STANTZ, a town of Switzerland, in the canton of 

 Unterwalden, of which it was formerly the capital, on the 

 lake of Lucerne; 8 miles S.E. of Lucerne. N. lat. 46° 

 51'. E. long. 8° 10'. — Alfo, ariverof Stiria, which runs 

 into the Muehr, 20 miles E.S.E. of Luttenberg. 



STANZA, in Poetry, a certain ftated number of grave 

 verfes, containing fome perfeft fenfe, terminated with a reft 

 or paufe. ' 



The word is Italian, and literally fignifies a ftand or ita- 

 tion, becaufe of the paufe to be made at the end of each 

 ftanza, or complete fenfe. 



What the couplet is in fongs, and the Jlrophe in odes, the 

 Jlan-ia is in the great and graver pieces, as epic poems, &c. 

 Indeed, the Italians fcarcely write any poems but they divide 

 them into flanzas. There are Itanzas of four, fix, eight, 

 ten, twelve, and fourteen verfes, and fometimes of an un- 

 even number of verfes, as five, feven, &c. But thefe laft 

 are fomewhat more difficult to execute, by reafon of the three 

 verfes to one rhyme. The French lay it down as a rule, that 

 if the firft ftanza begin with a mafculine or feminine verfe, 

 the fecond is to begin and end with the fame. 



Every ftanza ought not only to contain a perfedt fenfe, 

 but to be terminated with fome lively and ingenious thought, 

 or fomejuft and pertinent refleftion. 



Stanzas were firft introduced from the Italian into the 

 French poetry about the year 1580, and thence they were 

 transferred into the Englifh. 



The ufe of ftanzas in tragedy, or comedy, is condemned 

 by all the bell critics ; for though we fpeak verle on the 

 ftage, it is ftill prefumed we are fpeaking profe. Stanzas 

 fliew a degree of ingenuity on the part of the poet, which 

 has nothing of nature in it on the part of the actor. Add 

 to this, that flanzas are not fit to exprefs every thing : 

 wrath, threatening, &c. fit very ill on a regular ftanza ; 

 though irrefolution, reveries, and every thing that leads the 

 adlor to think on what he is to refolve, agree well eiiough 

 with the uneqvial cadence of the ftanza. 



STANZIONE, Cavalikre M.\.ssimo, in Biography, 

 was born at Naples in 1585, and wax a diitiple of G.B. Ca- 

 raciolo : he alfo received inilruCtions in trelco paintnig from 

 Belifario Cofe'^zio, one of the molt eininent .irtifts of his time, 

 and indeed feems to have been exccedinirly Itndioiis rf ;he 

 works of all the great painters <it Ins day. He vifited Rome, 

 and in Itudying the works of Annibal Caracci, became inti- 

 mate with Guido Rhciii, into whole Ityle iie fell witii lo much 

 fueeels, that he obtained the name of // Guiilo Rheni di 

 Niipoli. 



It was in his native city that he principaiiy vxerted his 

 ability in original produdions, and waa ruuKed among its 



ablelt 



