T A B 



from the Tame, in 1627, publilhed the Rudolphlne xMes, 

 which are much i-ilvcmcd. 



Tliefc wt-ro afterwards, amio 1650, turned into another 

 form, by Maria Cunitia, whofe allroiiomical tables, com- 

 prehending the effeA of Kepler's phyfical hypothefis, are 

 cxcotdinjrlv eafy, and fatisfy all the phenomena, without 

 any trouble of calculation, or any mention of logarithms ; 

 fo that tlie Rudolpiune calculus is here greatly improved. 



Mcrcator made a like attempt in iiis Aftronomical Inllitu- 

 tion, pubhihed in 1676, and the hke did J. Bap. Morini, 

 whofe abridgement of the Rvidolpiiine tables was prefixed 

 to a Latin verfion of Street's " Ailronomia Carohna," pub- 

 lifhed in 1705. 



Lanfbergius, indeed, endeavoured to difcredit the Ru- 

 dolphine tables, and framed Pirpttual tables, as he calls 

 them, of the heavenly motions ; but liis attempt was never 

 much regarded by the aftronomers ; and our countryman 

 Horrox warmly attacked him, in his defence of the Kep- 

 lerian ailronomy. 



Since the Rudolphine tables, many others have been 

 publithed ; as the Philolak tables of Bullialdus ; the Brl- 

 lannk tables of Vincent Wing, calculated on BuUialdus's 

 hypothefis ; the Britannic tables of Newton ; the French 

 ones of the count de Pagan ; the Caroline tables of Street, 

 all calculated on Dr. Ward's hypothefis, and the Novalma- 

 jejiic tables of Ricciolus. Among thefe, however, the 

 Philolaic and Caroline tables are efteemed the beft ; info- 

 much that Mr. Whiilon, by the advice of Mr. Flamfteed 

 (a perfon of undoubted authority in fuch cafes) thought fit 

 to fubjoin the Caroline tables to his aftronomical leftures. 



The Ludovician tables, publiihed in 1702, by M. de la 

 Hire, are conftrufted wholly from his own obfervations, and 

 \vithout the alTiftance of any hypothefis ; which, before the 

 invention of the micrometer, telefcope, and the pendulum 

 clock, was held impoffible. 



Another fet of tables, Dr. Halley, the aftronomer royal, 

 long laboured to perfeft. 



M. le Monnier, in 1746, pubhdied in his " Inftitutions 

 Aftronomiques" tables of the motions of the fun, moon, and 

 fatellites, of refraftions, and of the places of the fixed ftars. 

 M. de la Hire has alfo publiihed tables of the planets, and 

 M. de la Caille tables of the fun. Mayer conftrufted tables 

 of the moon ; and we have many aftronomical tables of va- 

 rious kinds, and computed with different views, in our mo- 

 dern books of aftronomy, navigation, &c. For an account 

 of feveral, and efpecially of thofe pubhfhed annually under 

 the direftlon of the commifGoners of longitude, fee Alma- 

 nac, Ephemerides, and Longitude. 



For Tables relating to annuities, &c. fee Annuities, 

 Expectation of Life, 'L,its.-/innuities, Mortality, and 

 Survivorship. 



Tables, Sexagenary. See Sexagenary. 



For Tables of the Stars, fee Catalogue and Star. 



Tables of Sines, Tangents, and Secants, of every degree 

 and minute of a quadrant, ufed in trigonometrical opera- 

 tions, are ufually called Canons ; which fee. See alfo 

 Sine. 



Tables of Logarithms, Rhumbs, ufed in geometry, navi- 

 gation, &c. See Logarithm and Rhumb. 



Tables, Loxodromic, are tables in which the difference of 

 longitude, and quantity of the way in any rhumb, are exhi- 

 bited to every ten minutes of every degree of the quadrant 

 ▼ariation of the latitude. See Rhumb. 



Table of Heights, in Enghfh feet, from the level of the fea. 

 The Cafpian fea, lower by - - - - 306 

 The Thames at Hampton, Roy ... 144 



The Tiber at Rome ..... j 5 



TAB 



The Seine at Paris, mean heiglit - - - 36; 



The Thames, at Buckingham-ftairs, 15V feet below! 

 the pavement in the left-hand arcade - - y ^^ 



By barometrical comparifon with the Seine and the 

 Mediterranean ; but this height is probably too great. 

 Roy fuppofes the low water of the fpring tides at 

 Ifleworth to be only one foot above the mean furface of 

 the ocean. He allows feven feet for the difference of 

 the low water at the Nore and at Ifleworth, and taking 

 1 8 feet for the height of tlie fpring tide, adds one-third 

 of this for tlie mean height of the fea. At Hampton, 

 the Thames is 13!,, feet above low water-mark at Ifle- 

 worth. 



The pagoda in Kew gardens, from the ground i l6i 



The well end of the Tarpeian rock - - 151 



The Palatine hill 166 



The Claudian aqueduft, bottom of the canal - 208 

 The Janiculum ...... 293 



The crofs at St. Paul's, from the ground - . 340 

 St. Peter's, fummit of the crofs - - - 535 



From the ground 47 1 



Arthur's feat, from Leith pier-head - - 803 



Lake of Geneva ..-..- 1230 



Its greateil depth 393 

 Mount Vefuvius, bale of the cone ... 202 1 

 Skiddaw ....... 3270 



Chamouny, ground floor of the inn ... 3367 

 Mount Vefuvius, mouth of the crater . - 3938 



For the heights of other mountains, &c. ; fee Moun- 

 tain. 



It may be obferved, with refpeft to general Roy's calcu- 

 lation of the mean height of the fea, that it does not appear 

 that in rivers, or even in narrow feas, we ought to add one- 

 third of the height of the tides only to that of low water, 

 in order to find the level ; for it is probable that even the 

 original tides may often refemble thofe of lakes, wliere, 

 for want of breadths, the effefts of a fpheroidical tide cannot 

 take place, and the elevation and depreflion are very nearly- 

 equal. 



Table, in Heraldry. Coats, or efcutcheons, containing 

 nothing but the mere colour of the field, and not charged 

 with any bearing, figure, or moveable, are called tablet 

 d^attente, tables of expeifalion, or tabula raftt. 



Table Bay, in Geography, a bay fituated on the well 

 coaft of the fouthern extremity of Africa, near which are 

 the fort and town of the Cape of Good Hope. This bay 

 is formed by three lofty mountains. Cape Town, the capi- 

 tal of the colony, lies on the S.E. angle of the bay. The 

 primary objeft to which Table bay is fubfervient, is the con- 

 venience of a plentiful ftream of pure limpid water, rufh. 

 ing out of the mountain, and this circumftance determined 

 the firft fettlers in their choice of the fcite for the town. If 

 this had not been the cafe, the firft fettlers would unquef- 

 tionably have given the preference to Saldanlia bay, the 

 only defeft of which is the want of frefh water near it ; 

 whereas Table bay is faulty in every point that conftitutes 

 a proper place for the refort of fhipping, and fo boifterous 

 for four months in the year, as totally to exclude all (hips 

 from entering into it. The anchoring ground in tliis bay is 

 tolerably good ; but the fiiifting of the fand leaves bare 

 fometimes whole ridges of the fame kind of hard blue fchif. 

 tus that appears every vvhere on the weft (hore of the bay. 

 Thefe ridges are fo (harp, that a cable that comes acrofs 

 them will be cut in pieces. Hence it has happened, that 

 the bay is fiJl of anchors, which have never been fifhed up, 

 and thefe contribute, as well as the rocks, to cut and chafe 



the 



