T A L 



T A L 



two layers, fufpended from the top of three intermediate 

 fibres. See Gitrtner's figure and defcription, where tlie 

 fynonym of CommeHn, which belongs to the foregoing, 

 is very erroneoufly cited for the prefent fpecies. This miiil 

 have arifen from Linngeus's having once called the former 

 Portulaca pati'tculata, and Gcertiier's having copied tlie above 

 fynonym without examination. 



5. T. reflexam. Panicled Yellow Talinum. Cavan. Ic. 

 V. I. I. t. I. Havvorth Succ. PI. 124. Curt. Mag. t. 1543. 

 Ait. Epit. 375. (T. patens g; Willd. n. 4.) — Leaves 

 fomewhat convex, elliptic-lanceolate, acute. Panicle twice 



compound, many-flowered Native of South America. — 



An annual or biennial, fcarcely flirubby, plant in our lloves. 

 Mr. Haworth obferves, it is more tender, and much taller, 

 than the laft, of which Willdenow thought it a mere variety. 

 We are not fure that the differences indicated in our fpecific 

 charafters are fufficient or permanent, not having had an 

 opportunity of comparing the two plants. The flowers of 

 T. rijlexum being yellow, feems an important diilinftion in 

 this genus. Both fpecies are faid to be abundantly pro- 

 pagated by feed. 



6. T. cuneifolium. Wedge-leaved Talinum. Willd. n. 5. 

 (Portulaca cuneifolia ; Vahl Symb. v. i. 33. Orygia por- 

 tulacifolla ; Forflc. jEgypt.-Arab. 103.) — Leaves flat, 

 wedge-fhaped, obtufe, with an occafional point. Panicle 

 many-flowered ; its lower branches umbellate, three- 

 flowered. — Native of Arabia Felix A Jhrub three feet 



high. Leaves eatable, alternate, fpreading, feflile, taper- 

 ing at the bafe, about an inch long, thick and fmooth. 

 Calyx of two unequal leaves, deciduous. Pettils of a violet 

 red. Stamens green, with yellow anthers. Capfule three- 

 angular, of three valves. Seeds black, comprefled, fmooth. 

 Forjkall. — Vahl fays this fpecies is akin to T. patens, n. 4, 

 but differs in having thicker Jloiver^a/is, the lower ones 

 bearing three-flowered umbels. 



7. T. decumbens. Decumbent Glaucous Talinum. Willd. 

 n. 6. ( Portulaca decumbens ; Vahl Symb. v. i. 33. Orygia 

 decumbens; Forlk. ^gypt.-Arab. 103.) — Leaves flat, 

 obovate, pointed. Clufters axillary. Stem decumbent. 



Calyx of five leaves Native of Arabia Felix, in ftony 



places near Mufa, but not common. Forjkall, Stem fhrubby, 

 with angular branches, clothed, like the reft of the plant, 

 with a gla\icous mealinefs. Leaves diftant, ftalked, thickifh, 

 fomewhat wavy. Clujlers from thebofoms of the uppermoft 

 leaves, with an awl-fhaped fcale, or braBea, oppofite to each 

 partial ftalk. Capfule of five valves. Vahl. — Forfkall de- 

 fcribes numerous lanceolate/f/aZr, about twenty, of a reddifh 

 violet ; and five cells, as well as valves, to the capfule. 



8. T. teretifoHum. Cylindrical-leaved Talinum. Purfh 

 11. I. — " Leaves cylindrical, flelhy. Corymbs ftalked, ter- 

 minal." — On funny rocks in Delaware and Virginia, flower- 

 ing in July. Perennial. Flowers purple. Purjh. 



Seftion 2. Stipulas luithinfide of the lea-ves, jagged. Seeds 

 •winged. 



9. T. Anacampferos. Round-leaved Talinum. Willd. 

 n. 3. Ait. n. 3. " Decand. PI. Graffes, t. 3." (Rlihngia 

 Anacampferos ; Ehrh. Beitr. v. 3. 133. Haworth Succ. 

 PI. 124. Portulaca Anacampferos ; Linn. Sp. PI. 639. P. 

 africanafempervirenSjflorerubicundo ;Comm.Hort. v. 2. 177. 

 t. 89. Telephiaftrum folio globofo ; Dill. Elth. 375. t. 281.) 

 — Leaves ovate, acute, fmooth ; convex and tumid beneath. 

 Stipulas filamentous, many times fhorter than the leaves. 

 Petals obovate. — Native of the Cape of Good Hope. Cul- 

 tivated by Sherard in 1732. A greenhoufe plant, flowering 

 in July. A humble fhrubby fpecies, whofe extremely thick 

 and fucculent leaves, about an inch long, give it the habit of 

 an Ahe. They are feflile, of a pale glaucous green, not 



na- 

 in- 



fliining ; their upper fide nearly flat, with a longitudinal 

 furrow ; the under very convex. Slipulas fliort, in many 

 capillary fegments. Flotvers crimfon, the fize of our fecond 

 or third fpecies, in long-ftalked terminal fimple cluflers, 

 which are fometimes two together. Calyx of two leaves. 

 Petals fomewhat pointed. The feeds are faid to be winged. 

 Ehrhart calls them arillata, tunicated. — The fpecific name, 

 borrowed from PHny, derived from xyaxafM7r%, to return, and 

 !3o?, love, was at firtl adopted by Linnxus as a generic appel- 

 lation for the prefent plant, when he confidered it as a dif- 

 tindl genus from Portulaca, in liis earlier publications. But 

 this name, and the foolifh fuperftition to which it alludes, of 

 the very touch of the lierb retlorlng alienated love, rather 

 belongs to the Sediim Anacampferos of Linnaeus, and its near 

 relation S.Telephium. See Sedim. 



10. T. arachnoides. Cobweb Talinum. Ait. n. 4. (Ana 

 campferos arachnoides ; Sims in Curt. Mag. 1. 1368. Riilin 

 gia arachnoides; Haworth Succ. PI. 125.) — Leaves ellip- 

 tical, acute ; flightly convex, and covered with cobweb-like 

 down above ; tumid beneath. Stipulas filamentous, fhorter 



than the leaves. Petals elliptical Found by Mr. MafTon 



at the Cape of Good Hope, and fent to Kew about the year 

 1790. It is treated like the laft, and agrees with that fpecies 

 in general habit, though fmaller in fize. The leaves are lefs 

 glaucous ; the lower ones covered with a kind of web. 

 Stipulas longer and more robull. Flowers white, with a faint 



blulb. Seeds obferved by Mr. Haworth to be lefs winged 



The leaves are reprefented in the Botanical Magazine with a 

 tinge of purphlh-brown. Perhaps Mr. Haworth's Riilingia 

 rubens, n. 3, may be only a higher-coloured variety. 



II. T. filamentofum. Thready TaUnum. Ait. n. y. 

 (Anacampferos filamentofa ; Sims in Curt. Mag. t. 1367. 

 Riihngia filamentofa; Haworth Succ. PI. 125.) — Leaves 

 ovate, bluntifh, tumid and covered with cobweb-hke down 

 on both fides. Stipulas filamentous, longer than the leaves. 



Petals lanceolate Found by Mr. Maffon, at the Cape 



of Good Hope, and fent to Kew a few years after the 

 laft, from which it differs in having fmaller, blunter leaves, 

 and much longer, more confpicuous, Jlipulas, whofe feg- 

 ments are linear and flattened, like ftiavings of horn. Tne 

 petals are rofe-colourcd, and elliptic-lanceolate, very fuga- 

 cious, as in the two foregoing fpecies. We have never feen 

 Mr. Haworth's Riilingia lanceolata, n.j, but it feems, by his 

 definition, nearly akin to this. 



The winged feeds can hardly entitle the fpecies of this 

 feAion to form a feparate genus, there being fo little differ- 

 ence in habit. If they did, the name of Riilingia muil cer- 

 tainly be preferred to Anacampferos, the latter, notwithftand- 

 ing its right of priority, having been arbitrarily and errone- 

 oufly applied to thefe Cape plants, with which the ancients 

 were of courfe unacquainted. See our remark under the 

 9th fpecies. 



TALIO, Lex Talionis, or Pcena Talionis, a rct.-diation, or 

 punifhment, by which an evil is returned porft-ftly hke that 

 committed againft us by another ; which is what we ufually 

 exprefs by the words, eye for eye, tooth fur tooth. 



The pcena talionis was enjoined by tlie law of Mofes, 

 among the Jews ; it was cfteemed a natural piece of juftice, 

 and yet the Romans fet it atide, inafmuch as fuch a parity 

 or equality of puniflimcnt could not always be obferved. 

 For this reafon the pra'tor allowed fuch as had fufFered an 

 injury to make an cftimale of it in nioiny, that juftice 

 might be done him that way ; only rei'erving to himfelf the 

 power of moderating the fame. And this was what was 

 conftantly praftifed, and thus the /ana talionis became quite 

 difuftd with them. 



TALISIA, in Botany, a barbarous name of Aublet's, 



which. 



