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■'7W> ^^^- 5°'' 1 1 dwts., weight 8 dwts. i7:Jgrs., content 

 57 grs., and value is. l^d. 



The tcillaro of Ragufa is marked with the head of the 

 chief magiftrate, called the rcttor ; legend, Reilor Reip. 

 Rhacitftn ; reverfe, arms of the city ; legend, Ducat et Sum, 

 Reip. Rac. In the Levant, and other places, the term tal- 

 laro is applied to dollars in general. Kelly's Cambiil. 



TALLEVENDE, in Geography, a townof France, in the 

 department of the Calvados, containing near 3000 inhabit- 

 ants, chiefly employed in the mamifafture of earthenware ; 

 2 miles S.W. of Vire. 



TALLIAGE, Tai-LAgium, a certain rate, according 

 to which barons and knights were anciently taxed by the 

 king towards the expences of the ilate, and inferior tenants 

 by their lords, on certain occafions. 



That raifed to the king was on his demefnes, efcheats, 

 and ivardfhips, and upon the cities and burgiis of the realm. 

 When it was paid out of knights' fees, it was called y^j/Za^f 

 (which fee) ; when by cities and burghs, talliage ; when 

 upon lands not of a military tenure, hidage ; which fee. 



This latter talhage of the cuftomary tenants was fome- 

 times fixed and certain, and fometimes at tiie pleafure of the 

 lord ; and was alfo fometimes compounded for. 



Talliages were anciently called cuttings ; which name is 

 ftill retained in Ireland, though in a different fignification. 



Talliage, fays fir Ed. Coke, is a general name including 

 all taxes ; and is derived from the French taille, tax, founded 

 on the tally of petty tradefmen ; as the country people 

 appointed to colleiil it, not being able to write, fcored down 

 what they received on tallies. See Land-tax and Sub- 



MDY. 



TALLIKA, in Geography, a town of Africa, in the 

 kingdom of Bondou, inhabited by Foulahs of the Ma- 

 hometan religion, in the road of the caravans ; 70 miles 

 W.S.W. of Fatteconda. N. lat. 13° 56'. W. long. 1 1° 40'. 



TALLIPOUR, a town of Hindooftan, in Bahar ; 10 

 miles S.E. of Hajypour. 



TALLIS, Thomas, in Biography, the mailer of Bird, 

 and one of the greateft muficians, not only of this country, 

 but of all Europe, during the i6th century, in which many 

 ;;ble contrapuntiils fiourifhed. 



He was born early in the reign of Henry VIII. ; but 

 though it has frequently been afferted that he was organift 

 of the chapel royal during the reigns of that monarch, Ed- 

 ward VI., queen Mary, and queen EUzabeth, yet it would 

 be difficult to prove that, in the three iirft of thefe reigns, 

 laymen were ever appointed to any fuch office. In the 

 reign of Henry, and his daughter Mary, when the Roman 

 Catholic religion prevailed, the organ, in convents, was 

 ufually played by monks ; and in cathedrals and collegiate 

 churches and chapels, by the canons, and otliers of the 

 priefthood. The firft lay orgajiills of die chapel royal upon 

 record were Dr. Tye, Bhthman, the mailer of Dr. Bull, 

 Tallis, and Bird ; all during the reign of queen Elizabeth. 



1 nough the melody or plain-fong of the cathedral fervice 

 was firft adjufted to Englifh words by Marbeck, yet Tallis 

 enriched it with harmony. Indeed the melody ufed by 

 Talhs is not exaftly fimilar to that of Marbeck, it is only 

 of the lame kind ; confifting of fragments of the ancient ec- 

 clefiaftical canto fermo. But the harmony in vi'hich he has 

 clothed it is admirable ; and the modulation being fo an- 

 tique, chiefly in common chords or fundamental harmony to 

 each note of the diatonic fcale, often where the moderns 

 have fixths, fevenths, and their inverfions, produces a folemn 

 and very different effeft from any mufic that has been com- 

 pofed durmg the laft century. As all melody, in which 

 the femito-.ies are avoided, mufl refemble that of Scotland-; 



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fo all harmony, in which neither the tr'ttonus nor faife fifth 

 occurs, and where the fecond, third, and fixth of the k -y, 

 are only accompanied with common cho'ds, muft remind ug 

 of that which prevailed in the fixteenth century ; and though 

 fo ancient, appear new to our ears, from its long difufe. 



There are two compofitions by Tallis for the organ, prc- 

 ferved in queen Elizabeth's Virginal Book, one of'which is 

 dated 1561, ar.d the other 1564; both built upon a dull 

 and unmeaning ground, or fragment of plain-chant (f.tlix 

 namque), and both alike dry, elaborate, and difficult, to 

 hands formed by modern mufic. The little melody and 

 rhythm in the compofitions of thefe times required all the 

 harmony that could be crowded into them. Notes are mul- 

 tiplied witiiout end, and difficulties created without effect. 

 It is not by the inftrumental mufic, which had been but 

 little cultivated, that we mufl judge of the genius of old 

 mailers ; but by vocal, in parts : where the harmony and 

 contrivance compenfate for want of accent, talle, and inven- 

 tion. The Latin motets and hymns, or " Caiitiones facroe," 

 which he publidied jointly with thofe of his difciple Bird, 

 are perhaps the bed of his compofitions that have been pre- 

 ferved. Thefe appeared in 1575, under the following title : 

 " Cantiones qux ab Argumento facrx vocantur qiiinque et 

 fex Partium. Autoribus Tiioma Talliffio et Gulielmo 

 Birdo, Anglis, Sereniffima; Rcginas Majeftati a private 

 facello Gcnerofis et Organiilis." At the time of this pub- 

 lication, a very arbitrary and monopolifing patent was 

 granted by queen Elizabeth to thefe compofors, for twenty- 

 one years, not only for the publication of tlieir own produc- 

 tions, vocal and inftrumental, but thofe of all other mufi- 

 cians, whether Enghili, Frencli, or Italian, as well as for 

 the fole ruling and vending of mufic-paper. 



Moft of thefe excellent compofitions, of which the words 

 were originally Latin, were afterwards adjufted to Enghfh 

 words by Dr. Aldrich, and others, for the ufe of our 

 cathedrals. The canons, inverfions, augmentations, dimi- 

 nutions, and other learned and fafhionablc contrivances of 

 the times, which were of very difficult accomplilhment, are 

 carried to a wonderful degree of ingenuity in thefe pro- 

 dudlions. 



Dr. Thomas Tiidway, of Cambridge, made a very valu- 

 able colleftion of Enghfh church mufic, in fcore, from the 

 Reformation to the Reftoration, in fix volumes, thick 4to. 

 for Lord Harlev, afterwards earl of Oxford, which is now 

 among the Harleian manufcripts, in the Britifli Mufeum, 

 No. 7337. In the firft volume of this coUedlion we have 

 the whole fervice of Tallis in D minor, in four pai'ts, con- 

 fifting of the Te Deum, Benediilus, Kyrie Eltifon, Credo, 

 Magnificat, Nunc Diniittis, and Litany, as printed in 1760, 

 by Dr. Boyce ; with feveral anthems in four and five parts ; 

 as, " Wipe away my fins ;" " With all our hearts and 

 mouths ;" " O Lord, give thy holy fpirit ;" " I call and 

 cry;" and his anthem, " Difcomfit them, O Lord!" er- 

 roneoufly faid by Dr. Tudway to have been ftt for the vic- 

 tory over the Spanifli Armada, 1588. 



In Chrift-Church, Oxford, are nianufcript fcores of his 

 Prices, Litany, and Anthems, among others by Bird, 

 Farrant, Bull, Gibbons, and Child. Five of his motets 

 and full anthems, in five parts, to I-atin and Englifli words, 

 are likewife here preferved among liie works of other Eng- 

 hfh mafters, in Dr. Aldrich's coUedlion. But the moil 

 curious and extraordinary of all his labours was his " Song 

 of forty Parts," which is ftill fubiilling, and now before 

 us. This wonderful effort of hrjmonical abilities is not di- 

 vided into choirs of four parts : fopraiio, altus, tenor, and 

 bafe, in each, like the compofitions a moiti cori, of Bencvoli, 

 and others ; but confiitg of eight trebles, placed under each 



other J 



