T A L 



other ; elclit mez.zi foprani, or mean parts ; eight conntcr- 

 tcnors ; eight tenors ; and eight bafcs ; with one line allotted 

 to the organ. All thofc feveral parts, as may be imagined, 

 are not in fimple counterpoint, or filled up in mere harmony, 

 without meaning or defign, but have each a (hare in the 

 fhort fubiefts of fugue and imitation, which are introduced 

 upon every change of words. The firft fubje£l is begun 

 in G, by the firft mezzo foprano, or medius, and anfwcred 

 in D, the fifth abovf, by the firft foprano ; the fecond me- 

 dius in like manner beginning in G, is anfwered in the oftave 

 below by the firft tenor, and that by the firft counter-tenor 

 in D, the fifth above ; then the firft bafe has the fubjeft in 

 D, the eighth below the counter-tenor ; and thus all tlic 

 forty real parts are feverally introduced in the courfe of 

 thirty-nine bars, when the whole vocal phalanx is employed 

 at once, during fix bars more. After which a new fubjeft 

 is led off" by the loweft bafe, and purfued by other parts, 

 feverally, for about twenty-four bars, when there is a general 

 chorus of all the parts ; and thus this ftupendous, though 

 perhaps Gothic, fpecimen of human labour and intelleft, is 

 carried on in alternate flight, purfuit, attack, and choral 

 union to the end ; when the Polyphonic phenomenon is ter- 

 minated by twelve bars of univerfal chorus, in quadragin- 

 tefimal harmony. The entire compofition confifts of one 

 hundred and thirty-eiglit bars, in alia breve time. 



This venerable mufician died in November, 1585, and 

 was buried in the old parifh church of Greenwich, in Kent. 

 The following epitaph, which Dr. Boyce has printed in the 

 firft volume of his CoUeftion of Cathedral Mufic, Strype, 

 in his Continuation of Stow's Survey, printed 1720, fays 

 he found engraved in Gothic letters, on a brafs plate in the 

 chancel. 



" Enterred here doth ly a worthy wyght. 



Who for long tyme in mufick bore the bell : 

 His name to (hew was Thomas Tallis hyght. 



In honeft vertuous lyfF he did excell. 

 He ferv'd long tyme in chappel with grete prayfe 



Fower fovereygnes reignes, (a thing not often feene) ; 

 I mean king Henry and prince Edward's dayes, 



Quene Marie, and Elizabeth our queue, 

 He maryed was, though children he had none, 



And lyv'd in love full three and thirty yeres 

 With loyal fpowfe, whos name yclept was Jone, 



Who here entorab'd, him company now bears. 

 As he dyd lyve, fo alfo dyd he dy. 



In myld and quyet fort, O happy man ! 

 To God ful oft for mercy did he cry. 



Wherefore he lyves, let Deth do what he can." 



The ftone to which this plate was affixed had been re- 

 newed by Dr. Aldrich ; but the old church having been 

 pulled down, about the year 1720, in order to be rebuilt, 

 no memorial remains of Tallis, or any other illuftrious per- 

 fon, who had been interred there anterior to that period. 



TALLOW, a fort of animal fat, melted down and cla- 

 rified. There are fcarcely any animals but a fort of tallow 

 may be prepared from j but thofe which yield the moft, and 

 of which the moft ufe is made, are the horfe, bullock, (heep, 

 hog, goat, deer, bear, and viper. Some of which tallows, 

 or fats, are ufed in medicine, and called axung'ia. 



Moft of the reft are ufed in the making of foap, and the 

 dreffing of leather ; but chiefly in making of candles. For 

 this purpofe, large quantities are annually imported from 

 RuiTia in ca(ks. (See Candle.) Tallow-chandlers alfo 

 melt tallow, which is done by chopping the fat, as it is 

 tjjien from oxen aijd (heep, and then boiling it for fome time 

 in a large copper ; and when the tallow is extrafted by tlus 



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procefs, the remainder is fubjefled to the operation of a 

 ftrong iron prefs ; and the cake that is left, after the tallow 

 is expreffed from it, is called a " greave." With this dogs 

 are fed, and moft of the ducks that are reared in the vale of 

 Avle(bury, and which fupply the London markets. It is 

 alfo fometimes given to oxen and pigs, but certainly without 

 meliorating the flavour of the meat. 



It has been obferved, that candles (hould be made without 

 any admixture of oil or greafe ; and when laid up, (hould 

 be preferved from the aftion of the atmofphere. For this 

 purpofe, fome perfons keep their candles clofely covered up 

 in bran. If tallows are weak, a part foon becomes con- 

 verted to an acid by expofure to the air ; and this renders the 

 whole, when melted together, unfit for candles. Tallows, 

 alfo, that contain a large portion of febacic acid, require 

 much more barilla than good tallow, in the manufafture of 

 foap, and yet produce a lefs quantity. Foreign tallows, 

 which frequently contain a large portion of acid, rendering 

 them inferior to the Englilh, may be purified at an infignifi- 

 cant expence by chemical means ; and by the proper appli- • 

 cation of chemical agents, other brown tallows may be ren- ■ 

 dered beautifully white, and fit for the beft purpofes. The 

 mode, fays a chemical writer of reputation, which naturally 

 prefents itfelf as the beft for feparating the febacic acid from 

 tallow, is that of melting it in water containing fome alkali ; 

 but old tallows may in general be fufliciently purified from 

 their rancidity by melting them upon lime-water, and giving 

 a confiderable agitation to the whole mixture ; for when the 

 water is again luffered to fubfide, it will be found to be of- 

 fenfive in fmell, and to have fubtrafted moft of the impurities 

 of the tallow. If the tallow, however, (hould not be fuifi- 

 ciently purified, a repetition of this procefs would completely 

 effeft it. Parkes's Chemical EflTays, vol. i. p. 67, &c. 



Tallovi -Tree, in China, is a tree growing in great 

 plenty in that country, which produces a fubftance like our 

 tallow, and ferving for the fame purpofe. See Croton ■ 

 Sebiferum. * 



All the preparation they give it, is to melt it down and 

 mix a little oil with it, to make it fofter, and more pliant. — 

 It is true, their candles made of it ^neld a thicker fmoke, fl 

 and a dimmer light than ours ; but thofe defefts are owing, ^ 

 in a great meafure, to the wicks, which are not of cotton, 

 but only a little rod or fwitch of dry light wood, covered 

 with the pith of a ru(h, wound round it ; which being very 

 porous, ferves to filtrate the minute parts of the tallow, 

 attrafted by the burning ftick, which by this means is kept 

 burning. 



T ALhow -Chandlers' Greaves, in j^griculture, the refufe 

 of tallow-chandlery, which is found at the bottom of the 

 pan, after the melting of tallow, in a fort of cake, and 

 which is an excellent 7nanure ; which fee. 



Tallow, in Geography, a poft-town of the county of 

 Waterford, Ireland, fituated within half a mile of the river 

 Bride, on which there is a village called Tallow-bridge. It 

 was a borough which returned two members, previous to 

 the Union. It is 104 miles S.W. by S. from Dublin, and 

 4 S. from Lifmore. 



Tallow Point, a mark for anchoring in the harbour of 

 Port Royal, in Jamaica. 



TALLOWING, in Rural Economy, a term applied to 

 the property or means of forming tallow internally in animals 

 of fome kinds, efpecially thofe of the (heep and neat cattle 

 forts. It has been ftated in the corrected Agricultural Re- 

 port of the County of Snftex, that it is by no means a fettled 

 point upon the South Downs of that diftriA, how far a (heep, 

 which gathers its fat upon the inteftines, is or is not pre- 

 ferable to another which collefts it upon the back and the 



neck, 



