T A L 



T A L- 



neck. The Leicefterlliire gra/.iers, it is faid, contending 

 as much for the latter as the former, is confidered as a tell 

 of merit in Norfolk, and, various other counties. But when 

 it is confidered, that it requires a certain portion of food to 

 create a given quantity of fat, the queilion is, it is thought, 

 which is the belt part to colleft it upon, — \^•ithin or without ? 

 As long as the fat of the latter will fell at more than one- 

 third of the other, it would fcem, it is faid, that there can- 

 not be a dovibt which of the two is preferable ; and that, 

 upon the principle of food eaten to produce the tallow or 

 fat, that which tallows the leaft is the beft breed. The tal- 

 low, with the major part of the fifth quai-ter, is all the 

 butcher's profit, it is faid, who would no doubt encourage 

 that breed which tallows beft, and yields moil offal. 



It is noticed, however, that the South Down (lieep are 

 not great tallowers, compared with fomc other forts ; but 

 that what they lofe in tallow, they make up in a difpofition 

 to fatten. The tallow of a wether, i'.i common management, 

 will, it is faid, [generally average from an eighth to a tenth 

 part of its dead weight. In a fat wether of Mr. Ellman's, 

 one-feventh pai-t of the dead weight was, it is faid, infide 

 fat (caul and loofe fat) ; and that in another which was 

 fince killed, one-fixth was infidc fat. In others, too, that 

 have been flaughtered, the variation has been found from a 

 feventh to a tenth. The quantity of infide fat depends, it 

 is faid, much upon the age and time of fattening. It 

 gathers itfelf much more in old fheep than in young ones. 



The bad ill-formed breeds of fheep, for the mofl part, 

 tallow in the largeft and moil favourable manner ; and the 

 fame is moflly the cafe in neat-cattle ftock, as thofe which 

 have the beft forms and difpofitions for fattening have com- 

 monly the leaft property of tallowing well, or afford the leaft 

 proof, as it is often called. 



In regard to the fuperiority of fat meat, it may be juft 

 noticed that, in fome great thoroughfares for travelling, the 

 inn-keepers agree with the butchers to give them a penny the 

 pound above the common price for mutton, provided it be 

 very fat. It is likewife the fame with beef. This is faid to 

 be the cafe at Petersfield, and to ilrongly (hew that very fat 

 mutton, or meat of any kind, will go much farther than that 

 which is not equally fo. It, however, makes againft tal- 

 lowing in animals of thefe kinds. See L,iVE-Sioci and 

 Sheep. 



TALLWATER, in Geography, a river of Ireland, in 

 the county of Armagh, which runs with the CaUen into 

 Blackwater, near Charlemont. 



TALLY, Taile, or Ttiilk, a piece of wood on which 

 retail traders ufe to fcore or mark, by notches or incifions, 

 the feveral quantities of goods they deliver out on credit, 

 to fave the trouble of writing down fo many httle articles in 

 books. 



Each fcore confifts of two pieces of wood, or rather of a 

 fingle piece cleft length-wife, the parts of which falling 

 in with one another, things delivered are fcored on both 

 at the fame time ; the feller keeping one, and the buyer 

 the other. 



Tallies are taken as evidences in courts of juftice, as 

 much as books. The ancient way of keeping all accounts 

 was by tallies ; the debtor keeping one part, and the cre- 

 ditor the other. Hence the lallkr of the exchequer, now 

 called the teller. 



There are three kinds of tallies mentioned in our ftatutes, 

 and long ufed in the exchequer ; -via. 



Tallies of Loans, one part of which is kept in the ex- 



' chequer, and the other part given to particular perfons, in 



lieu of an obhgation for the monies they have lent to the 



government on ails of parliament. This laft part is called 



Vol. XXXV. 



the Jloci, and the former the counler-Jloch, or the conntcr- 



tail. 



The tallies are numbered, and bear the perfon's name, 

 and the fum lent : thus we fay, tiic tallies, N" have been 

 paid, or difcharged ; tallies are rifen, fallen, 4, 5, &c. 



Tallies, or Ta'iks of Debt, are a kind of acquittances 

 for debts paid to the king. 



E. gr. The univerfity of Cambridge pays yearly ifl/. for 

 fuch things as are by charter granted them in fee-farm. He 

 that pays this receives a taile, or tally, for his difcharge, 

 with which, or a note of it, he repairs to the clerk of the 

 pipe, and there R)r the tally receives a full difcharge oi» 

 parchment. 



Tallies of Reivard, or allowance. Thefe are made t» 

 (lieriffs, for fuch matters as (to their charge) they have per- 

 formed in their office, or by fuch money as is by courfe cafl 

 on them in their accounts, but which they cannot levy. 



In the exchequer there is a tally-court, where attend the- 

 two deputy chamberlains of the exchequer, and the tally- 

 cutter. 



TALLY-Co«n/cr. See Counter. 

 Tallies, Cutter of the. See Cutter. 

 Tally, Petty. See Petty. 

 Tallies, Writer of. See Writer. 

 Tally the Sheets, at fea, a word of command, when the 

 flieets of a main-fail or fore-fail are to be hauled aft. See 

 Sheets, 



Tally for Flowers and Plants, in Gardening, that fort 

 of mark or contrivance, either by pieces of lead or flips of 

 wood, employed for diftinguifhing thera. 



The practice of marking flowers, trees, and plants, with 

 talhes of fome kind or other, is always highly ufeful and 

 necetTai-y in regulating their culture, as well as for many 

 other purpofes. 



TALLYOOR, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Myfore ; 8 miles N.W. of Dindigul. 



TALMAS, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Somme ; 9 miles S. of Dourlens. 



TALMAY, a town of France, in the department of the 

 Cote d'Or, at the union of the Vigenne and the Sa6nc ; 

 18 miles N.E. of Dijon. 



TALMOND, afea-port town of France, in the depart- 

 ment of the Lower Charente, on the right fide of the Gi- 

 ronde, with a harbour ; 18 miles S.W. of Saintes. 



TALMONT, a town of France, in the department of 

 the Vendee; 6 miles E.S.E. of Sables d'Olonne. 



TALMUD, or Thalmud, from -|V^^n> doar'inr, 

 from "XO^, he taught, a .Tewifh book, which contains a col- 

 leftion of all that relates to the cxphcation of tlieir law. 



The Talmud is the body of the Hebrew law ; a compila- 

 tion of expofitions of the duties impofed on the people, 

 either in fcripture, or by tradition, or by authority of their 

 doftors, or by cuftom, or even by fuperftition : to fpcak 

 more plainly flill, it is the courfe of cafes of confcience, or 

 of moral theology, in which the duties are explained, and 

 the doubts cleared, not by reafoning, but generally by au- 

 thority, by the cuftoro of the nation, and by the decifions 

 of the moll approved of the ancient dotlors. 



The Talmud confifts of two general parts, the one called 

 the Mifchna, the other the Gemara; which firft part is 

 alfo frequently called abfolutely the " 'i'almud," the general 

 name of the whole work. 



The Jews divide their law into written, which is that con- 

 tained in the books of Mofes ; and unwritten, which is that 

 conveyed by tradition. This latter is, in effeft, no other 

 than a glofs or interpretation of the former, given by the 

 ancient rabbins, 



H The 



