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Lin'nafUS, or eaffia llgnra tree. It is a large and lofty tree, 

 the flow.TS uiid fruit of which refemble the cinnamon-tree. 

 Its kaves, when full grown, are ten inches or more in length ; 

 and fix or eight in breadth. The flowers {land in clullers, 

 in the manner of umbels on the tops of the branches, and 

 are of a ga-eni(h-white colour. The fruit is of the bignefs 

 of our currant. 



The ancients recommended Indian leaf as ftomachic, 

 fudorific, and cephalic. At prefent, it is utterly difre- 

 garded, being only kept in the (hops as an ingredient in 

 mithridatc and thcriaca ; and is, in its greateft perfection, 

 far inferior to the mace wliich our college direfts as a fuc- 

 cedanenm to it. See Cassia Lignea. 



TAMALIPAN, in Geography, a chiin of mountains in 

 Spanilh North America, called by Alcedo, in his defcription 

 of New Leon, the Grand Sierra, and a branch of which is 

 called tile Eallern Tamalipa by Al/ate. This laft branch 

 extends from the defarts of Jaumape to the callern coall of 

 the province of Santander, where it is marked in the Spanifh 

 chart of the gulf of Mexico by the names of various peaks ; 

 while the mountain of Orcafites, viiible at fea at the diftance 

 of J 60 miles inland, muft nearly equal Orizava in height, 

 and appears to belong to the fame branch of the grand ridge 

 of Tamalipa. 



TAMALMA, a town of Africa, in the country of 

 Kawar ; I20 miles N. of Kanem. 



TAMAMES, a town of Spain, in the province of 

 Leon ; i 5 miles E. of Civdad Rodrigo. 



TAMAN, an idand at the mouth of the Kuban, and a 

 principahvy belonging to it, and alfo a town on the fame 

 ifland, called Phanagoria, (wliich fee.) This principality 

 was anciently occupied by the Chazarcs ; but it was wrefted 

 from them in the year 965 by the Ruffian combined with the 

 Byzantine Greeks, who made themfelves mailers of the 

 countries bordering on the fea of Azof in 1015, and com- 

 pletely overturned the Chazarian Hate, creating a d'.ftinft 

 principahtv on the ifle of Taman, to which both the Cha- 

 zarcs and the Zichians were for a long time tributary. See 

 Tmutarakak. 



Towards the end of the nth century, while Ruffia was 

 torn bv inteftine broils, the principality of Taman was loft 

 to that empire. At length, in 1221, the Mongoles made 

 their firft attack. The Romanes were expelled or fubdued, 

 but the Ziches fought for their liberty, and could not be 

 made to fubmit till the year 1277, when they were over- 

 po'vered by Margu-Timur-Khan and the famous Nogay. 

 Neverthelefs, they retained fome degree of independence in 

 their woody and mountainous regions. The Ottomans 

 indeed, in 1484, conquered the cities and forts of Taman, 

 Teraryuk, and Atfchuk : but they gained no fovereignty 

 over the Tfchcrkaffians or Circaffians. At the peace of 

 1774, the fultan of the Ottomans relinquifhed his pofieffions 

 in thefe parts ; but, contrary to treaty, held Taman and 

 Temryuk in a ftate of fiege, till the Crimean khan, by the 

 aid of the Ruffians, drove the Ottoman garrifon out of 

 them. By the treaty of the year 1783, Ruffia obtained, 

 together with the Crimea and the Eallern Nogay, the 

 northern part of the Kuban as far as the promontory of 

 Caucafus. 



The Zichians or Tfchekians, called by the Ruffians 

 Yafi, are the principal inhabitants of the ille of Taman. 

 They formerly paid a fmall tribute to the Crimean khan, 

 but in all other refpecls are governed by their own beys. 

 The ifle Atfchuk or Atfchuycf is likewife inhabited by 

 Zichians. Thefe two tribes, wliich, properly fpeaking, are 

 only one collateral branch of the Tfcherkafiians, have be- 



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longed to the Ruffian empire, as inhabitants of the Kuban, 

 fince the year 1783. 



Taman, the ilrait or channel that forms a communi- 

 cation between the Black fea and the fea of Azof. 



TAMANAH, a fca-port town of Hindooftan, on the 

 coatl of Malabar, in the country of Concan ; 25 miles S. 

 of Gheriah. N. lat. 16" 30'. E. long. 73° 15'. 



TAMANDUA, in Zoology, a creature called in Englillt 

 the ant-bear ; and by the Brafilians tamanduaguaeu ; and the 

 tanianvir of Buffon ; different fpecies of the fame genus. 

 See Mykmkcoi'Iiaga. 



TAMAR, ill Geography, a confiderable river, which 

 originates in the county of Cornwall, England, and fepa- 

 rates that county, except for the fpace of a few miles, from 

 Devon (hire. It riles in a moor in the parifli of Morwinftow, 

 about three miles from the North fea : paffing near Whit- 

 ftone, about ten miles from its fource, it reaches Tamerton, 

 which takes its name from this river ; here it receives the 

 waters of the V/errington, and about a mile and a half fur- 

 ther its current is increafed by the Attery, which runs 

 under the walls of the town of Launcefton : at Poulfton- 

 bridge it is a wide and rapid ftream ; a mile below Graifton- 

 bridge it is joined by the laney, which, rifing in Alternon, 

 paffijs through the parilhes of Lewanick and Lezant. In 

 the parifh of Stoke -Climfiand, the Tamar has a high, ftrong, 

 Hone bridge, called by Leland " Hawtebrig," or the High 

 bridge, now com.monly Horfe -bridge. The laft or loweft 

 bridge on this river is in the parilh of Calftock, and was 

 begun, according to Leland, by i"ir Piers Edgcombe. Five 

 miles farther the Tamar receives the Tavy from the eaft, 

 and having made a creek into the parifhes of Botesfieming 

 and Landulph on the weft, becomes a fpacious hai-bour ; 

 and after paffing near the ancient borough of Saltaffi, is 

 joined by the Lynher creek and river. Increafing in import- 

 ance as it winds along, it next forms, between Dock and 

 Saltafli, the noble baiin called the " Hamoaze," or Ply- 

 mouth Harbour, where a lai-ge proportion of the Britilh 

 navy rides in complete fecurity. Having made two large 

 creeks, one called St. John's, the other Milbrook, on the 

 weft, and Stonehoufe creek on the eaft, the Tamar, after a 

 coiirfe of about 40 miles nearly fouth, falls into the fea, having 

 mount Edgcumbe for its weftern, and the lands of Stone- 

 houfe and St. Nicholas ifland for its eaftern boundary, and 

 produces the noble road for ftiipping named Plymouth 

 Sound. The Tamar is one of the moll confiderable rivers 

 in the weft of England ; its banks are richly diverfified with 

 rocks, woods, and meadows ; and the fcenery in various 

 parts of its courfe is extremely interefting and beautiful. 

 The views about the Cater-marther rocks, Taviftock-New- 

 bridge, the Morwell rocks, Cotele and Pentilly, are pecu- 

 liarly romantic, and can fcarcely be equalled by any other 

 river in the weftern part of the kingdom. (See Plymouth 

 Harbour.^ Lyfons's Magna Britannia, vol. iii. Cornwall. 

 Beauties of England and Wales, vol. ii. Cornwall. By 

 J. Britton and E.W. Brayley. 



Tamar, a town of Arabia, in the province of Hedsjas j 

 40 miles N.N.W. of Karac. 



Tamak Bay, a harbour in the ftraits of Magellan, E. of 

 Cape Tamar.' 



TAMARA, in ylneient Geography, a river of Spain, 

 which rofe in tlie mountains W. of Lucus Augufto, and 

 difcharged itfelf into the fea to the W. of a fmall gulf, on 

 the banks of which were Grandinirum and Acrse Seftianse. 

 Mela calls this river Tanaris. The Tamarifci inhabited its 

 banks. 



Tamara, a town of the ifle of Albion, affigned by Pto- 



lemy 



