T A M 



out any difSeulty, and are, of courfe, admirably adapted as 

 plants for forming hedges. It is the French fort tiiat is 

 made up of in this way. See Ql'k KSiir-//c^»c 



TAMA RITE, in Gt-ography, a town of Spain, in Aragon ; 

 16 miles E.S.E. of Balbaftro. 



TAMARIX, \n Botany, Tamarifciu of Tournefort, and 

 of fomc, but not all, of the older botanifts, isfuppofed to de- 

 rive its name from the Tamarifci, a people who inhabited a 

 country on the other fide of the Pyrenees, wliere the moft 

 common fpecies of this genus abounds. Such at leaft is the 

 opinion of De Theis. Martyn fays, fome deduce this word 

 from the Hebrew Tumaris, to wipe or cleanfe ; but we feel 

 no great fatisfaftion in either of thefe etymologies. — Linn. 

 Gen. 148. Schreb. 200. Willd. Sp. PI. v. i. 1498. 

 Mart. Mill. Did. v. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 338. Prodr. Fl. 

 Grac. Sibth. v. i. 208. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 2. 171. Juff. 



313. Lamarck llluftr. t. 213. Ga:rtn. t. 61 Clafs and 



order, Pcniandria Tilgynia. Nat. Ord. Succulents, Linn. 

 Porlulaccs, JufT. 



Gen. Ch. Cal. Perianth inferior, in five deep,obtufe, ereft, 

 permanent fegmcnts, half the length of the corolla. Cot-. 

 Petals five, ovate, obtufe, concave, fpreading. Stain. Fila- 

 ments five at leaft, capillary ; anthers roundifb. Pijl. Ger- 

 men pointed ; ftyle none ; ftigmas tliree, oblong, feathery, 

 revolute. Per'ic. Capfule oblong, pointed, triangular, longer 

 than the calyx, of one cell and three valves. Seeds nu- 

 merous, minute, each with a ftalked feathery crown. 



Obf. T. germanka has ten ftamens, five of which, alter- 

 nate with the others, are external and iborter ; all are con- 

 iiefted at the bafe. 1/tnn. 



EIT. Ch. Calyx inferior, in five deep fegments. Petals 

 five. Capfule of one cell and three valves. Seeds with a 

 feathery crown. 



I . T. gallica. French Tamariftc. Linn. Sp. PI. 386. 

 Willd. n. I. . Fl. Brit. n. 1. Engl. Bot. t. 1 3 18. Sm. 

 FI. Grsc. Sibth. t. 291. unpubhflied. Mill. Ic. t. 262. f.i. 

 (Tamarifcus narbonenfis ; Ger. Em. 1378. Lob. Ic. v. 2. 

 218. Myrica ; Camer. Epit. 74. f. i.) — Stamens five. 

 Clufters lateral. Branches fmooth. I^eaves lanceolate, 



imbricated, fpurred at the b;ife Native of rocks and banks, 



or of fwampy ground, efpecially towards the fea, in the 

 fouth of Europe, and north of Africa, very abundantly. It 

 is plentiful about the coafts of Cornwall, Hampdiire, and 

 Suflex, undoubtedly wild. This fhrub appears to have been 

 common in the Englilh gardens, as it ftill is, in Gerarde's 

 time ; and yet Camden, in his life of queen Elizabeth, at- 

 tributes to archbilbop Grindall, who died in 1583, its being 

 firft brought into England, and made known as " exceeding 

 good to eafe the hard diftemper of the fpleen." (See our 

 7th fpecies. ) Mr. Hudfon has not admitted any of this 

 genus into his Flora. Dr. Sibthorp found this plant com- 

 mon in rather moift fituations in Greece, nor can there be 

 any doubt that it is the //.v^i/.r. of Diofcorides. The Turks 

 call it // Ghin. On the eaftern coaft of Italy we have ob- 

 ferved it to be the favourite food of (hecp, probably on ac- 

 count of a faltiili flavour, perceptible to our tafte. This is 

 ^ elecfant, drooping, flender-branched Jhnib, with fmooth 

 and fhining twigs, of a mahogany red. Leaves minute, rather 

 flefiiy, lanceolate, acute, fmooth, deciduous, with a pofterior 

 fpur, as in fome fpecies of Seduni; imbricated on the youngeft 

 Aoots ; fcattered on the older twigs. The^^otvers appear in 

 July, in copious, long, cylindrical clujlers, rather thznfpiies, 

 at the fides of the lart year's (boots. Bradeas awl-(liaped, 

 folitary, at the bafe of each fmooth and naked partial ilalk. 

 Calyx bell-fhaped, acute, fmooth. Corolla midjlamens white 

 OT rof --coloured. 



Willdenow's variety ^ we (hall next defcribe ai a diftind 



6 



T A M 



fpecies; his'), the T. africana of Poirct, gathered by this 

 traveller in Barbary, is faid to have peculiarly (hurt, thick 

 and denfe^/'/vj-, but we are not furnifhed with any further 

 iiifonnation on the fubject. 



2. T. tomeiitofa. Downy-branched Tamari(l<. (T. gal- 

 lica /3 ; Willd. n. 2. T. penlandra; varietas \ Pall, Rofs. 

 V. I. p. 2. 72. t.79. BCD.)— Stamens five. Cluft.-rs la- 

 teral. Leaves imbricated, awl-(haped, elongated, hyury and 



downy as well as the branches Found by Pall.is in fait 



fandy deferts about the Cafpian fea. He I'peaks of this 

 plant as a lingular very elegant variety of the preceding, about 

 fix feet high, with all its branches downy and hoary ; the 

 younger ones thicker than in the common 7'. gallica, ( which 

 he choofes to ca\l pentandra,) and the /faan.r longer, hoary, 

 denfely imbricated ; all the parts being thicker and more 

 crowded. In the clujlers and Jowers he obferved no differ- 

 ence. Willdenow's fuggeftion, of this being probably a 

 diitinft fpecies, is apparently well-founded. 



3. T. articulata. Jointed-branched Tamarilk. Vahl 

 Symb. v. 2. 48. t. 32. Willd. n. 2. (T. orientalis ; Forlk. 

 ./Egypt. -Arab. 206. Thuja aphylla ; Linn. Sp. PI. 1422, 

 excluding the fynonym of Sliaw.) — Stamens five. Spikes 

 lateral. Branches jointed. Leaves (lieathing, abrupt, with 

 a (hort ("preading point — Gathered by Forikall in Ar.ibia. 

 The original fpecimen, erroneoufly confidered by Linnsus, 

 for want of frndification, as a Thuja, appears to have been 

 brought from Egypt, or the Levant, by Haffelquill. The 

 plant of Shaw is Thuja articulata, which will hereafter be de- 

 fcribed under its proper ger.us. We find no certain evidence 

 of the Tamarix before us being a native, as Vahl fays, of the 

 Eafl Indies, and we imagine he confounded witii it our next 

 fpecies. The true plant of Halelquill and Vahl lias co- 

 pious flender branches, appearing when young as if jointed, 

 each joint being crowned with a minute dotted fcale-like leaf, 

 whofe annular bafe encircles the branch, and whofe fliort, 

 crcdl, keeled, acute point projefts on one fide. Thefe leaves 

 are permanent, enlarged, and membranous on the older 

 branches. The Jlotvers are defcribed by Vahl as forming 

 lateral ^(7a about the ends of the brandies, each flower 

 being feffile, accompanied by a IraSea rcfembling the leaves, 

 but with a widely-fpreading point. Segments of the calyx 

 roundifii and obtufe. Pctids ihe fize of T. gallica, linear, or 

 rather elliptical. Stamens five. Capfule with four angles, 

 pyramidal. 



4. T. epacroides. Eaft Indian Tamarifl< Stamens five. 



Clufters lateral and terminal. Leaves ovate, acute imbri- 

 cated, clafpiiig tlie ftem ; gibbous at the bafe. BraCteas 

 awl-ftiaped, longer than the ftov.ers. — Found by Kccnig 

 growing plentifully on the banks of a river in the Eaft 

 Indies, which he calls ^umcH Culloram maximum. We have 

 the fame from Rotller and Roxburgh. This is unqucf- 

 tionably diftiiift from the preceding, and hitlieito unde- 

 fcribed. The young branches have no jointed appearance, 

 nor do the leaves funound them v.ith an annular permanent 

 bafe. The latter are fucculent, of a broad triangular Ihape, 

 tapering into an inflexed point ; t!ie tloral ones, or bradeas, 

 much narrower, coloured, ftrongly keeled. Flwjicri very 

 fmall, on fhort partial Itaiks. S -gments of the calyx broad 

 and obtufe, fringed. Petals elliptical. Capfule fcarcely 

 above a line in length, prifnritic, accompanied by the pcr- 

 m'dncnt filaments, which are geia rally rather longer. Whether 

 the T. chinenjis of I>ourciro be this plant, his deicrijition it 

 not fufficient to determine. He fays the pitals are hnear. 



5. T. mucronata. Pointed Tainari(l<. — Stamens eight or 

 ten. Spikes lati-ral and terminal. Leaves (heathing, abrupt, 



pointed. BraCleas taper-pointed, lanceolate The fpeci- 



incns of till* very diltinct fpecies, in the Liuuxan herbarium, 



Wve 



