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Sclireb. 6()1. WiUd. Sp. PI. v. 4. 772. Mart. Mill Did. 

 V. 4. Sm. Fl. Brit. 1078. Prodr. Fl. Grmc. Sibth. v. 2. 

 358. Ait. Hort. Kew. v. 5. 386. (Tamnus ; Tourii. 

 t. 28. .lufT. 43. Lamarck lUultr. t. 8l7.)_Cl.ifs and 

 order, D'wecia Hexandria. Nat. Ord. Sarmentaced, Liiin. 

 /tfparagi, .Tuff. 



Gen. Ch. Male, Cal. Periaiitli in fix deep, ovato-lancen- 

 late fegments, moft expanded in their upper part. Cor. 

 none ; except the calyx be fo confidercd, which wo have 

 recommended in a parallel cafe, fee Smilax. Stam. Fila- 

 ments fix, fimple, (horter than the calyx (or corolla) ; an- 

 thers ereft. 



Female, Cal. (or Cor.) of one piece, bell-fhaped, in fix 

 deep, lanceolate, fpreading fegments, fuperior, deciduous. 

 Neftary an oblong deprefiion in the bafe of each fegment, at 

 the infide. P'ljl. Germen inferior, large, ovate-oblong, 

 fmooth ; ftyle cylindrical, three-cleft, the length of the 

 •calyx (or corolla) ; ftigmas three, reflexed, emarginatc, 

 acute. Peril. Berry ovate, of three cells. Seeds two in each 

 cell, globofe. 



Eir. Ch. Male, Calyx (or rather Corolla) in fix deep 

 fegments. Female, Calyx (or rather Corolla) in fix deep 

 fegments. Style three-cleft. Berry inferior, of three cells. 

 Seeds two in each cell. 



I. T. communis. Common Black Bryony. Linn. Sp. 

 Fl. 1458. Willd. n. I. Fl. Brit. n. I. Engl. Bot. t. 91. 

 Mill. lUuftr. t. 89. ( Bryonia nigra ; Ger. Em. B71. Vitis 

 nigra; Matth. Valgr. v. 2. 622. Camer. Epit. 988.) — 

 Leaves heart-fhaped, undivided. — Native of hedges, woods, 

 and bufliy places, in the more temperate parts of Europe, 

 as well as in the Levant. It is common in England, not 

 in Scotland, flowering in June, and laden with bunches of 

 fcarlet berries in autumn, till rotten with wet and froft. 

 Dr. Sibthorp found this plant frequent in Greece, as well 

 as in the ifles of Crete and Cyprus. The young fprouts 

 boiled are eaten in the latter, like afpai-agus, to which they 

 are naturally allied. The flefhy perennial root is blackifh ex- 

 ternally, whence the ancient, as well as Enghrti, name. 

 Stems annual, herbaceous, branched, twining round every 

 thing in their way, and thus climbing, without tendrils, to a 

 confiderable height, till they become elegantly pendent in 

 feftoons. Leaves alternate, flalked, entire, acute, many- 

 ribbed, fmooth. Stipulas fmall, awl-fhaped, fpreading, in 

 pairs at the bafe of each footftalk. Floiuers in long, green- 

 ifh, axillary clufters. Berries oval, the fize of a large cur- 

 rant, bright red, infipid. The root is acrid. Its pulp fcraped 

 has formerly been ufed as a flimulating plaifter. 



l.T . elephantipes. Tuberous Cape Black Bryony. L'Herit. 

 Sert. Angl. 29. Ait. n. 2. Willd. n. 2. Curt. Mag. t. 1347. 

 — Leaves kidney-fhaped, undivided. Root elevated, corky 

 and teflellated. — Found at the Cape of Good Hope, near 

 the town, by Mr. Maffon, who fent it to Kew in 1774. 

 A male plant flowered there, in the ftove, in 1783, from 

 whence I'Heritier caufed a drawing to be made, but tliis 

 plate never appeared. A female, originally imported by 

 Mr. George Hibbert, flowered in Mr. Knight's greenhoufe, 

 and being publifhed in the Botanical Magazine, has deter- 

 mined the genus, by its inferior germen, a point previoufly 

 only guefTed at. The fingular appearance of the great 

 flefliy root, rifing out of the ground, a foot in diameter, and 

 covered with angular, teflellated, brown knobs, more refem- 

 bles the clumfy (hell of fome huge tortoife, than an elephant's 

 foot. This uncouth mafs fends forth in the fpring a flender, 

 twining, annual Jiem, about eight feet long, not unlike the 

 laft; ; but the haves are very diff^erent, kidney-ftiaped, with 

 ftrong ribs ; their ends either emarginate, or abrupt with 

 a fmall point. Footjialks tumid, or jointed, at each end. 



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Flowers yellowilb -green. Germen oblong, furrowed. Fruit 

 not yet obfcrved. 



3. T. eretica. Cretan Black Bryony. Linn. Sp. PI. 1458. 

 Willd. n. 3. Ait. n. 3. Sm. Fl'. Grn»c. Siblh. I. 958, un- 

 pubhflicd. (Tamnua erotica, trifido foho ; Tourn. Cor. 3.) 

 — Leaves three-lobed. — Nut rare in the woods and hedges of 

 Crete and Cyprus, as well as Greece. Siblhorp. Miller 

 appears to have cultivated it in 1739, but we liave never 

 met with a plant in gardens, nor is this fpecics likely to be 

 a popular favourite. It difl"er8 from the firll chiefly in 

 haying a deep lateral finus, on each fide of the leaves, and 

 twin clutters of^oTOfrj, one much longer than its companion. 

 We know nothing uf the /rwiV — The young (hoots are eaten 

 boiled. 



Tamus, in Gardening, furniflies plants of the hardy, herba- 

 ceous, climbing, perennial kind, among which the fpecies 

 mofl; generally grown are the common black bryony (T. 

 communis) ; and tiie Cretan black bryony (T. eretica). 

 The firil fort has a very large tuberous root, which is black- 

 ifli externally ; the ilcms arc fmooth, twinii.g about every 

 thing in tlieir way, and thus afcending, without the aid of 

 tendrils, to the height of ten or twelve feet in hedges or 

 among buflies, whicli their fottoons of tawny leaves and red 

 berries decorate in the autumnal feafon. 



But the fecond fpecies lias a rounder root than the former ; 

 yet the ttalks twine in the fame manner. 



Method of Culture. — All thefe plants are readily increafed 

 by fowing the feeds foon after they are ripe, under the fhelter 

 of buflies, where, in the fpring, the plants will come up, and 

 require no further care ; or in beds to be afterwards planted 

 out. The roots will abide many years, and fometimes 

 fend up fuckers, from which plants may be raifcd by fet- 

 ting them out in the autumn or fpring where they are to 

 remain. 



The thick flefliy root of the firft fort is fometimes culti* 

 vated for ufe in the fliops. 



Both the plants are ufeful in thickets, and in the wilder- 

 nefs parts of pleafure-grounds. 



TAMUSIDA, \n Ancient Geography, a town of Africa, 

 in Mauritania Tingitana, between Banafa and Silda. 



TAMUSIGA, a town of Africa, in Mauritania Tingi- 

 tana, on the fea-coaft, between the port of Hercules and the 

 promontory Ufadium. 



TAMUZ, in Chronology, the fourth month of the Jewifti 

 ecclefiaftical year, anfwering to part of our June and July. 

 The 17th day of this month is obferved by the Jews as a fall, 

 in memory of the deftruftion of Jerufaleni by Nebuchad- 

 nezzar, in the 1 ith year of Zcdekiah, before Chrift 588. 



TAMWORTH, in Geography, is a borough and market- 

 town, fituated partly in the hundred of Offlow, county of 

 Stafford, and partly in the hundred of Hemlingford, county 

 of Warwick, England: at the diltance of 22 miles S.E. 

 from Staff'ord, 27 miles N. by W. from Warwick, and 116 

 miles N.W. from London. It is feated near the confluence 

 of the rivers Tame and Anker, tlie former of which runs 

 through the town, and divides it into two nearly equiJ 

 parts. Tamworth appears to have been of confiderable 

 note at an early period ; and was the occafional refidence 

 of the Mercian kings. Ofla dates a charter to the monks of 

 Worceiler from his palace here in the year 781 ; and feveral 

 of his fucceflbrs in the next century alfo date their grants from 

 the fame place. At that period, a ditch, forty-five feel in 

 breadth, proteAed the town and royal demefne on the north, 

 weft:, and eaft ; the river ferving as a defence on the fouth 

 fide. Of this ditch, fome vediges can ftill be traced, and at 

 two angles which it forms, are two mounts, probably raifed 

 as foundations for towers. On tlic iuvaiiou of this kingdom 

 I 2 bj 



