T A S 



perfon diltind from tlif mufic -mailer, to tf-acli the ncceffary 

 agremens or graces thought necciTary to cover, in feme de- 



free, the infipidity of French melotly. Moft of the young 

 udents in n\ulic ufed therefore to liavc two mafters, one 

 for miilic and one for tafle, called Matlie ile Gout-de-chanl. 



Goul-^ie-ihanl likewife confifted m imitating or lak'm^-off 

 the voice and manner of a particular linger ; which is al- 

 ways done by exaggeration. The face of a man with a 

 mole or wart upon it, is of great ufe to a portrait painter 

 in fixing a iikenefs : fo a finger, with a little tendency to 

 nafality, to coarfenefs, to linging through the throat, or of 

 quivering upon one note in attempting to (hake, which the 

 Italians have well denominated tojfe di capra, a goat's cough, 

 are eafilv taken off. 



TASTINA, in Ancicnt Geography, a town of Afia, in 

 the Greater Armenia, between Surta and Cozala. Ptol. 



TASTING, the fenfc by which we diftinguidi favours ; 

 or the percepLion which the ioul has of external objefts, by 

 means of the organs of tafte. 



Authors differ much as to the organ of tailing. Bauhin, 

 Bartholin, Veftingius, &c. place it in the laxer flefiiy parts 

 of the tongue ; Dr. Wharton, in the glands at the root of 

 the tongue ; Laurentius, in the thin tunic covering the 

 tongue ; others in the palate, &c. But the great Malpighi, 

 and after him all the lateft writers, place it in the papilla; 

 chiefly lying about the tip and fides of the tongue. See 

 Tongue. 



Thefe papilla; arife from the corpus nervofum, which 

 covers the mufcular flefh of the tongue ; wlience, palling 

 through the corpus reticulare, they ftand up under the ex- 

 ternal membrane of the tongue, ereft, and covered with 

 vaginje, or flieaths of the faid membrane, to defend them 

 from objefts too violent. Thefe vaginje are porous, and 

 ftick out fo far, that when the aliment is fqueezed, they 

 enter with the fame to receive the objeft, or the matter of 

 tafte. 



Thefe papillae Boerhaave conjeftures to arife from the 

 ninth pair of nerves ; and thefe, he afferts, are the only 

 organ of tafte : the others, whether of the tongue, palate, 

 or jaws, &c. he obferves, contribute nothing to them ; 

 though probably thofe of the cheeks next the dentes mo- 

 larej may. 



The objeS of tafting, is any thing, either in animals, 

 •vegetables, or minerals, from which fait or oils may be 

 extrafted. 



Tafting, then, is performed by the objefts being attenu- 

 ated and mixed with faliva, warmed in the mouth, and ap- 

 phed to the tongue ; where, infinuating into the pores of 

 the membranous vaginae of the nervous papillae, and pene- 

 trating to the furface of the papilla; thcmfelves, it affefts 

 and moves them : by which means a motion is communi- 

 cated along the capiilaments of the nerve to the common 

 fenfory, and an idea excited in the mind, of fait, acid, 

 fwcet, bitter, hot, aromatic, auftere, or the like ; accord- 

 ing to the figure of the particles that ftrike the papillae, or 

 the difpofition of the papillae to receive the impulfe. 



The tafte, confidered in a medical view, may be dimi- 

 nifhed by crufts, filth, mucus, aphtlias, pelUcles, warts, &c. 

 covering the tongue : it may be depraved by a fault of the 

 faliva, which, being difcharged into the mouth, gives the 

 fame fenfation as if the food which the perfon takes had 

 really a bad tafte ; or it may be entirely deftroyed by in- 

 juries done to the nerves of the tongue and palate. Few 

 things prove more hurtful, either to the fenfe of tafting or 

 fmeffing, than obftinate colds, cfpecially thofe which affeft 

 the head. When the tafte is diminiftied by filth, mucus, 

 fcc. the tongue ought to be fcraped, and frequently walhed 



T A T 



with a mixture of water, vinegar, and honey, or fome 

 otiier detergent. When the faliva is vitiated, which feldom 

 happens, unlefs in fevers or other difeafes, the curing of the 

 diforder is the cure of this fymptom. To relieve it, how- 

 ever, in the mean time, the following things may be of ufe : 

 if there be a bitter tafte, it may be taken away by vomits, 

 purges, and other things, which evacuate bile : what is 

 called a nidorous tafte, arifing from putrid humours, is cor- 

 rected by the juice of citrons, oranges, and other acids : 

 a fait tafte is cured by plentiful dilution with watery liquors : 

 an acid tafte is deftroyed by abforbents, and alkahne falts, 

 as powder of oyfter-fliells, lalt of wormwood, &c. When 

 the fenfibility of the nerves, which fupply the organs of 

 tafte, is diminifhed, the chewing of horfe-radilh, or other 

 ftimulating fubftances, will help to recover it. 



TASTNESS, in Geography, a cape on the N. of the ifland 

 of Sanday. N. lat. 59° 10'. W.long. 2° 20'. 



TASTO, in Italian Miific, the touch or part of any inftru- 

 ment, whereon, or by means of which its notes are made to 

 found, be it on the neck, as lutes, viols, &c. which are 

 called fixed and immoveable ; or the front of organs, fpinets, 

 or harpfichords, where the keys are difpofed to raife the jacks, 

 called moveable touches ; and is properly no more than the 

 finger-board of each. 



Tasto Solo. Thefe two Italian words, written over or 

 under a bafe to folos that are figured, generally at a paufe, 

 or preceding a clofe, imply that the accompanier on a keyed- 

 inftrument ought to play no chords with the right hand ; 

 but only to ftrike the bale note with the left hand, which is 

 implied by the word tajio folo, a fingle key ; or at moft to 

 double that found with the right hand in the oftave : as it 

 is hardly poffible to divine or figure the harmony of an ad 

 libitum or cadence, either written or played extempore, which 

 the compofer or the performer is allowed to write or play on 

 thefe occafions. Solos are now no longer in faftiion ; but 

 the violin folos of the early part of the laft century, by 

 Corelli, Geminiani, Somis, and Tartini, have all clofes of 

 this kind, to which the bafe is confined to a fingle note, or 

 tajlo folo. 



TATA, or Dotis, in Geography, a town of Hungary, 

 built in the midft of water and fwamps, with a caftle ; 20 

 miles W. of Gran. 



Tata Touba, in Botany, a name ufed by fome for the tree 

 which yields what the dyers call the fuftic, or yellow wood 

 ufed in dyeing. 



TATACUL, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Myfore ; 1 1 miles N. of Vencatighery. 



TATALISGA, a town of Africa, in Galam, on the 

 Senegal ; 60 miles W. of Galam. 



TATAPARY, a town of Hindooftan, in the province of 

 Tinevelly ; 15 miles N.E. of Palamcotta. 



TATAPATNAM, a town of Hindooftan, in Bara- 

 maul ; 22 miles S.S.E. of Darempoury. 



TATAR BAssAKDDSCiHi,a town of European Turkey, 

 in Romania, on the Mariza ; 16 miles N.N.W. of Filip- 

 popoli. 



Tatar Bunar, a town of European Turkey, in Befla- 

 rabia ; 32 miles S.W. of Akerman. 



TATARSKOI, a fort of Ruffia, in the government of 

 Kolivan, on the E. fide of the Irtifch. N. lat. 53° 44'. 

 E. long. 85° 34'. 



TATENAGUR, a town of Hindooftan, inthe Car- 

 natic ; 6 miles S.W. of Devicotta. 



TATENA Y, die chief town of the ifland Gilolo ; which 

 fee. 



TATH, in Old Laws, a privilege which fome lords of 



manors enjoyed, of having their tenants' (heep folded at 



9 night 



