T E L 



Tel Miifcl, a town of Afiatic Turkey, in the govern- 

 ment o{ Diarbekir ; 33 miles N.W. of Mo*ul. 



Tel tlJuduh, a town of Egvpt, where the Jews had for- 

 merly a temple, deftroyed by Vefpafian ; 17 miles N.L. ot 



CtATO. r o • \ 



TELA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Spam, on the 

 route from A'fturica to Saragoita, between Intercatia and 

 Pintia. Anton. Itin. 



Tela, or ConJIantia, a place of Afia, m Mefopotamia, 

 near the mountains, about N. lat. 37° 25'. 



Tela Cellulofa, in Anatomy, the Cellular Subjiance ; 

 which fee. It is fometimes alfo called tela mucofa. 



TELACH, in Geography, an ifland of RulTin, in the 

 Penzinrtvoi fea. N. lat. 61^ 35'. E. long. 159° 14'. 



TELAMON, in Ancient Geography, a promontory of 

 Italy, in Etruria, at the foot of which was a port, between 

 the rivers Almina and Alma. (Anton. Itin.) Pliny calls 

 this port Telamon. 



TELAMONE, in Geography, a town of the Stato del 

 Prefidii, on the coaft ; 10 miles N. of Orbitello. N. lat. 

 42° 38'. E. long. 11° 6'. 



TELAMONES, a name given by the Romans to what 

 the Greeks called At/antes ; -viz. the figures of men fup- 

 porting entablatures, and other projeftures. See Atlas. 

 The woi-d, according to fome, is derived from the Greek 

 TiXxfiut, from TEXau, or -r'Ao-u;, I bear. 



AmoBg the Greeks they were called atlantes, otTXavxi;, 

 which comes from the fame word, Ta^«w, or tA«i', by the 

 figure metathefis. 



Telamones is alfo ufed by furgical writers fometimes 

 for lint, and fometimes for the fillets or bandages which 

 they apply over their dreflings. 



TEL ANA, in AncunS Ge-ography, a very ancient town 

 of Afia, in Affyria. Steph. Byz. fays that the king made 

 it the place of his refidence before Nineveh was built. 



TELANADING Islands, in Geography, three fmall 

 idands lying eaft and weft, near the N.W. coaft of the ijland 

 of Gilolo. N. lat. 2° 18'. E. long. 127° 30'. 



TELANDRIA, in Ancient Geography, an ifland on the 

 coaft of Lycia, in Afia Minor. Pliny. 



TELANDRUS, a town of Afia Minor, in Lycia. 

 Pliny. 



TELAPSAR, in Geography, a town of Afiatic Tur- 

 key, in the province of Diarbekir ; 20 miles W. of 

 Mtoful. 



TELARUSE, a river of Afia, which forms the north 

 boundary of the kingdom of Queda, feparating it from 

 Lower Siam, and runs into the Eaft Indian fea, N. lat. 

 6° 55'. E. long. 99° 42'. 



TELAUGIA, in Natural Hifiory, the name of a genus 

 of fcrupi, of a glittering appearance, ufually containing 

 flakes of talc, and emulatine the ftrufture of the granites. 

 Hill. 



Of this genus we have twelve fpeciet. 

 TELCHINE3, in Ancient Geography, a people who de- 

 rived their origin from the ifle of Crete. They eftablifhed 

 themfelves in Cyprus, and in Rhodes, where it is faid they in- 

 vented the ufe of iron and brafs. 



TELCOOTE, in Geography, a town of Hindooftan, in 

 Orifla ; 20 miles S.E. of Jaypour. 



TELDOM HoTUN, a town of Chinefe Tartary, on the 

 weft fide of the river Saghalien ; 745 miles N.E. of Peking. 

 N. lat. 49° 56'. E. long. 127'=' 33'. 



TELE, TtAx, among the Athenians, thofe revenues that 

 were brought in by lands, mines, woods, and other public 

 pofleflions, fet apart for the ufe of the commonwealth ; as 



TEL 



alfo tributes paid by fojourners and freed-fer^-ants, and ti"" 

 cuftoms laid upon cettain trades and goods. 



TELEBA, in Ancient Geography, a town of Albania, be- 

 tween the mouth of Soana and that of Garrus. Ptol. 



TELEBOAS, a river of Afia, in the environs of the 

 fources of the Tigris ; furrounded, as Xenophon fays, by a 

 great number of villages. 



TELEGRAPH, a machine adapted for communicating 

 intelligence at a confiderable diftance, by making various 

 fignals, which have been previoufly agreed upon between twc 

 parties, to reprefent letters, words, or ideas. The means of 

 making fignals that are ufed in naval and military oper- 

 ations, :u-e not called telegraphs, although they effeft in a 

 great degree the fame objeft. See Signal. 



The word telegraph, which is derived from two Greek 

 words, tuXf, at a diftance, andy^o^f, to lurite, was brought into 

 ufe about 1 793 or 1 794, when the French direftory eftablilhed 

 machines of this kind for communicating intelligence betweeFi 

 Paris and all the principal towns in France. The Britifin 

 government foon after adopted the fame meafure, and it has ' 

 fince become very general. 



No machine for making fignals can with propriety be 

 called a telegraph, unlefs it is adapted to exprefs a fufficient 

 number of Tetters or words to form a complete language, 

 and which can therefore be made to communicate any inform- 

 ation which can be exprefTed by oral or written language, 

 Lefs perfeA fyftems of fignals, which extend only fo far as 

 to communicate intelligence of events which have been 

 forefeen, and the appropriate fignals previoufly arranged, 

 are ftill called fignal flags, fignal lanthorns, fignal guns, or 

 fires, &c. 



When people wifh to tranfmit intelligence to others at a 

 diftance, in a quicker manner than by Tetters fent by mef- 

 fengers or carrier-pigeons, it can be done only by fignals, 

 Thefe may be employed in three diff^erent ways : either by 

 fingle fignals, which, according to previous agreement, con- 

 vey whole ideas ; or by feveral fuccefiive fignals, which, by 

 reprefenting letters and words, anfwer the fame purpofe ; or 

 otherwife, by employing fignals which exprefs numbers, each 

 perfon being provided with a diftionary in which every 

 word has a number affixed to it. 



The firft kind of fignals were employed in the earlieft 

 periods, and fome of them were fuited to the ear as well as to 

 the eye. For the making of vifible fignals, the ancients employ- 

 ed fire and fmoke, torches, flags, &c. ; and in modern times, 

 flcy-rockets have been ufed. For the audible fignals, they 

 employed drums and trumpets ; and fince the invention of 

 gunpowder, the firing of cannon has been applied to the 

 bke ufe. But all thefe methods are incapable of expreffing- 

 what could be communicated by fpeech and writing ; and 

 the means of exprelfing all the poffible variations and com- 

 binations of the letters of the alphabet, form, in a proper 

 fcnfe, the true telegraphic art. Even the fignals commonly 

 ufed at fea, as they extend only to particular circumftances, 

 are, when compared to fignals by letters, only a kind of 

 hieroglyphics. 



Thepropofed objeft of the telegraphic art is, therefore, to 

 obtain a figurative language, the charafters of whicli may be 

 diltinguifhed at a diftance. On the firft refieftion, we find that 

 the prafticable modes of fuch diftant communications muft be 

 confined to found and vifion ; each of which is in a great degree 

 fubjeft to the ftate of the atmofphere ; for independent of the 

 wind's direftion, it is known that the air is fometimes fo far 

 deprived of its elafticity, or fome other quality that in- 

 fluences the conveyance of founds, that the heaviefl ordnance 

 can fcarcely be heard farther than the fhot flies. It is alfo 

 well known, that in thick hazy weather, the largeft and 



moft 



